Wikipedia

Fela Kuti

onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-akwado Naijiria
Fela Anikulapo Kuti
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNaijiria Dezie
Aha ọmụmụFela Anikulapo Kuti, Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti Dezie
aha pseudonymAbami Eda, Fela Aníkúlápó Kuti Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya15 Ọktoba 1938 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụAbeokuta Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya2 Ọgọọst 1997 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụLagos Dezie
Ụdị ọnwụeke na-akpata Dezie
ihe kpatara ọnwụdeath from AIDS-related complications Dezie
ŃnàIsrael Oludotun Ransome-Kuti Dezie
ŃnéFunmilayo Ransome-Kuti Dezie
nwanneOlikoye Ransome-Kuti, Beko Ransome-Kuti Dezie
Dị/nwunyeunknown value, Remilekun Kuti Dezie
nwaFemi Kuti, Seun Kuti Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee, Asụsụ Yoruba, pidgin Naịjirịa Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọTrinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, Abeokuta Grammar School Dezie
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1958 Dezie
Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe)1997 Dezie
onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchịMovement of the People Dezie
agbụrụNdi Yoruba Dezie
diskografiFela Kuti discography Dezie
ụdịjazz, highlife, Afrobeat Dezie
akara ndekọWrasse Records, Barclay, JVC, EMI Dezie
onye nlereranyaOrlando Julius Dezie
ihe omume dị ịrịba amaprisoner of conscience Dezie
Ihe nriteAll African Music Legend Award Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://www.felaproject.net Dezie
gosiputara yaMy Friend Fela Dezie
nnọchiaha nkeonweL485 Dezie

 Templeeti:Infobox musical artist Fela Aníkúlápó Kuti (a mụrụ Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti ; 15 October 1938 [1] – 2 August 1997), a makwa ya dịka Abami Eda, ọ bụ onye ọkụ egwu nke Naijiria, onyeisi ndị egwú, onye na-echepụta egwu, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na Pan-Africanist . A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ Afrobeat, ụdị egwu Afrịka nke na-ejikọta egwu ndị Yoruba ọdịnala na ụdị olu ya na funk na jazz America. [2] N'oge ọ na-ewu ewu, a na-akpọ ya otu n'ime ndị na-eme egwu na-ama aka na Africa . [3] AllMusic kọwara ya dị ka olu egwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mba ụwa pụtara.

Kuti bụ nwa onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwanyị Naijiria, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti. Ka ha nwechara ahụmịhe mbụ na mba ofesi, ya na ndị otu ya Africa 70 (nwere onye na-akụ Tony Allen ) gbagoro dịka ndị àmà ama na Naijiria n'ime afọ 1970s, bụ oge ọ bụ onye nkatọ n'ekwughị okwu na ebumnuche nke ndị agha Naijiria . N'afọ 1970, ọ tọrọ ntọala Kalakuta Republic commune, bụ nke kwupụtara onwe ya pụọ na ọchịchị ndị agha. Ebibiri obodo a na mbuso agha 1978. Gọọmenti Muhammadu Buhari tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'afọ 1984, mana ọ hapụrụ ya ka ọnwa iri abụọ gachara. Ọ gara n'ihu na-edekọ ma na-eme ihe site n'afọ 1980 na 1990. Kemgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1997, nwa ya nwoke bụ Femi Kuti na-elekọta na nchịkọta egwu ya.

Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ

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Ezinụlọ Ransome-Kuti gburugburu 1940: Reverend Israel na Chief Funmilayo nọ ọdụ, Dolu n'azụ, Fela n'ihu na nwa Beko, na Olikoye n'aka nri.

Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti [4] bụ onye a mụrụ n'ime ezinụlọ Ransome-Kuti, ezinụlọ Nigeria nke elu-etiti, n'ụbọchị 15 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1938 na Abeokuta (isi obodo nke oge a nke Ogun State [5] ), nke na oge ahụ bụ obodo dị na British Colony nke Nigeria . Nne ya, Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, bụ nwanyị na-emegide ndị ọchịchị, na nna ya, Reverend Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, bụ onye ozi Anglican, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ, na onye isi oche mbụ nke Nigeria Union of Teachers . [6] Ụmụnne ya nwoke bụ Beko Ransome-Kuti na Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, bụ ndị dibia bekee, bụ ndị amara nke ọma na mba. Kuti bụ nwa nwanne nne mbụ [7] mgbe e wepụrụ onye edemede na Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka, onye isi ojii Afrika mbụ nwetara Nrite Nobel maka akwụkwọ, n'ihi na ha abụọ bụ ụmụ Josiah Ransome-Kuti, onye bụ nna nna Kuti na nne Soyinka. [8]

Kuti gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Abeokuta Grammar School . N'afọ 1958, e zigara ya London ka ọ mụọ nkà mmụta ọgwụ mana o kpebiri ịmụ egwu na Trinity College of Music, na opi bụ ngwá ọrụ kachasị amasị ya. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ hiwere otu Koola Lobitos wee kpọọ ngwakọta jazz na ndụ dị elu . [9] N'afọ 1960, Kuti lụrụ nwunye mbụ ya, Remilekun (Remi) Taylor, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ atọ ( Femi, Yeni, na Sola). [10] Na 1963, Kuti laghachiri na Federation of Nigeria nwere onwe ohuru, megharia Koola Lobitos, a zụọ ya dị ka onye na-emepụta redio maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Nigeria.. Ya na Victor Olaiya na All-Stars gụrụ egwu n'oge ụfọdụ.

N'afọ 1967, Kuti gara Ghana ịchọ ntụzịaka egwu ọhụrụ. [2] Ọ kpọrọ ụdị ya Afrobeat, ngwakọta nke highlife, funk, jazz, salsa, calypso, na egwu Yoruba ọdịnala. [2] N'afọ 1969, Kuti kpọgara ndị otu ahụ na United States ma nọrọ ọnwa iri na Los Angeles. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ chọpụtara mmegharị Black Power site na Sandra Smith (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Sandra Izsadore ma ọ bụ Sandra Akanke Isidore), [11] onye otu akụkụ nke Black Panther Party . Ahụmahụ a metụtara egwu ya na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ukwuu. [12] Ọ kpọgharịrị aha band Nigeria 70. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, onye mgbasa ozi wepụrụ ndị ọrụ mbata na ọpụpụ na Naturalization na Kuti na ndị otu ya nọ na US na-enweghị ikike ọrụ. Ndị otu ahụ rụrụ nnọkọ ndekọ ngwa ngwa na Los Angeles nke ga-emecha wepụta ya dị ka Oge '69 Los Angeles . [13]

Afọ 1970

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See also: Confusion (album)

Ka Kuti na ndị otu ya laghachiri na Naijiria, a kpọgharịrị otu ahụ aha (the) Africa '70 ka isiokwu lyrical gbanwere site na ịhụnanya gaa na nke ọha mmadụ. [9] Ọ hibere Kalakuta Republic — ọgbakọ, ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ndị ejikọrọ na otu egwu — nke o mechara kwupụta nọọrọ onwe ya na steeti Naijiria.

Kuti hibere ụlọ oriri na nkwari abalị na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Empire, nke mbụ akpọrọ Afro-Spot ma mesịa bụrụ Afrika Shrine, ebe ọ na-eme egwuregwu oge niile ma na-eme ememe omenala ndị Yoruba ahaziri iche iji kwanyere okwukwe ndị nna nna ya ugwu. Ọ gbanwekwara aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Anikulapo (nke pụtara "Onye na-ebu ọnwụ n'akpa ya", na nkọwa ya: "M ga-abụ onye isi nke akara aka m ma kpebie mgbe oge ọnwụ ga-ada"). [14] Ọ kwụsịrị iji aha nna a kpọchiri akpọchi bụ́ “Ransome” n’ihi na o weere ya dị ka aha ohu .

Egwu Kuti na-ewu ewu n'etiti ọha Naijiria na ndị Africa n'ozuzu ha. O kpebiri ịbụ abụ na Pidgin English ka ndị mmadụ n’Afrika niile nwee ike ịnụ ụtọ egwu ya, ebe asụsụ obodo ha na-asụ dị iche na ọtụtụ . Ebe ọ bụ na egwu Kuti na-ewu ewu na Naịjirịa na n'ebe ndị ọzọ, ọchịchị na-achị anaghị amasị ya, a na-ebusokwa mba Kalakuta Republic agha ugboro ugboro. N'oge 1972, Ginger Baker dekọtara Stratavarious , na Kuti pụtara n'akụkụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ egwú Bobby Tench . [15] N'oge a, Kuti malitere itinye aka na okpukpe ndị Yoruba . [3]

N'afọ 1977, Kuti na Africa 70 wepụtara album <i id="mwpw">Zombie</i>, bụ nke katọrọ ndị agha Naijiria nke ukwuu, ma jiri ihe atụ zombie kọwaa ụzọ ndị agha Naijiria si eme. Album ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ma kpasuo gọọmenti iwe, bụ́ ndị ji ndị agha 1,000 wakporo Republic of Kalakuta. N’oge mwakpo ahụ, e tiri Kuti ihe nke ukwuu, ma merụọ nne ya meworo agadi ahụ nke ukwuu mgbe e si na windo tụpụ ya. A gbara ọgbakọ ahụ ọkụ, ma bibie ụlọ ọrụ Kuti, ngwa na teepu ukwu . Kuti kwuru na a ga-egbu ya ma ọ bụghị na onye isi ọchịagha nyere aka ka a na-eti ya ihe. Nzaghachi Kuti na mwakpo ahụ bụ ibugara igbe ozu nne ya na Dodan Barrack dị na Lagos, ebe obibi General Olusegun Obasanjo, na ide abụ abụọ, "Coffin for Head of State" na "Unknown Soldier," na-ezo aka n'ajụjụ ndị gọọmentị kwuru nke kwuru. onye agha amaghi ama ebibiela obodo ahụ.

Kuti na ndị otu ya gara biri na Crossroads Hotel mgbe e bibichara ụlọ agbara na ọgbakọ ahụ. N'afọ 1978, ọ lụrụ ụmụnwaanyị iri abụọ na asaa: Kikelomo Oseyni, Folake Oladejo, Tejumade Adebiyi, Naa Lamiley, Sewaa Kuti, Omotola Osaeti, Omowunmi Oyedele, Alake Anikulapo Kuti, Shade Shodeinde, Adeola Williams, Najite Kuti, Emaruaghevwe, Osawemighola Osawemigho, Emaruagheru, Osawemigho, Anikula Osawela, Emaruagheru, Osawela, Emaruagheru, Osawela, Najite Kuti., Adejonwo Iyabode Ogunitro, Bose Anikulapo Kuti, Lara Anikulapo Kuti, Suru Eriomola, Tokunbo Akran, Funmi Kuti, Omowunmi Afesumo, Laide Anikulapo Kuti, Ronke Edason, Damiregba Anikulapo Kuti, Aduni Idowu, and Omolara Shosanya Remilekun Taylor. Ọtụtụ n’ime ha bụ ndị na-agba egwú, ndị na-agụ egwú, na ndị na-abụ abụ bụ́ ndị ya na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ abụghị nanị iji mee ncheta nke mwakpo a wakporo Kalakuta Republic kamakwa iji chebe Kuti na ndị nwunye ya n'okwu ụgha nke ndị ọchịchị na-ekwu na Kuti na-atọrọ ụmụ nwanyị. [16] Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ nakweere usoro ntụgharị nke ilekọta ndị nwunye iri na abụọ n'otu oge. [17] E nwekwara ihe nkiri abụọ n'afọ: nke mbụ bụ na Accra, bụ nke ọgba aghara malitere n'oge egwu "Zombie", nke mere ka amachibidoro Kuti ịbanye Ghana ; nke abụọ bụ mgbe Berlin Jazz Festival gasịrị mgbe ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu Kuti hapụrụ ya n'ihi asịrị na o mere atụmatụ iji ego niile enweta ego iji kwado mgbasa ozi onye isi ala ya.

N'afọ 1979, Kuti hiwere otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, nke ọ kpọrọ Movement of the People (MOP), iji "sachapụ ọha mmadụ dị ka ngwa eji ehicha ụlọ bụ mọp n'asụsụ Bekee", ma ọ malitere ngwa ngwa na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ihi esemokwu ya na gọọmentị nke oge ahụ. MOP kwusara Nkrumahism na Africanism . [18] [19]

1980 na gafere

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N'afọ 1983, Kuti họpụtara onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisiala na ntuliaka mbụ e mere Naijiria n'ime iri afọ, mana jụrụ ịzọ ọkwa ya. N'oge a, Kuti kere ìgwè ọhụrụ, Egypt 80, nke gosipụtara echiche na mmepeanya Ijipt, ihe ọmụma, nkà ihe ọmụma, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na usoro okpukpe bụ ndị Africa na a ghaghị ịza ya. Kuti kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ: "Na-emesi ike na m ga-eme ka ndị Africa mara eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmepeanya Egypt bụ nke Africa. Ya mere, ọ bụ ya mere m ji gbanwee aha ndị agha m ka ọ bụrụ Ijipt 80." [20] Kuti gara n'ihu na-edekọ ọba na ịgagharị obodo ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu kpasuo ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị iwe site n'itinye osote onyeisiala ITT Corporation, Moshood Abiola, na Obasanjo n'ọkwa ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama nke were nkeji iri abụọ na ise akpọrọ "ITT (International Thief-Thief)".

N'afọ 1984, ọchịchị Muhammadu Buhari, nke Kuti bụ onye na-emegide ya, tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka ebubo mbupụ ego . Amnesty International na ndị ọzọ katọrọ ebubo a dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. [21] Mgbaghara kpọpụtara ya onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche, [22] na ndị otu ndị ọzọ ruuru mmadụ webakwara ikpe ya. Ka ọnwa 20 gachara, General Ibrahim Babangida tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Kuti gbara nwunye ya iri na abụọ fọdụụrụ ya n'ihi na "alụmdi na nwunye na-ebute ekworo na ịchọ ọdịmma onwe nanị". [17]

Kuti gara n'ihu wepụta ọba ya na Egypt 80 wee gaa na United States na Europe ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na 1986 ọ rụrụ na Giants Stadium na New Jersey dị ka akụkụ nke Amnesty International 's A Conspiracy of Hope concert tinyere Bono, Carlos Santana, na Neville Brothers . N'afọ 1989, Kuti na Egypt 80 weputara album mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ Beasts of No Nation nke gosipụtara Onye isi ala US Ronald Reagan, Prime Minister UK Margaret Thatcher, na Onye isi ala South Africa steeti Pieter Willem Botha na mkpuchi ya. Aha nke ihe mejupụtara sitere na nkwupụta nke Botha: "Mmegide a [megide usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ] ga-ewepụta anụ ọhịa ahụ n'ime anyị."

Mpụta album Kuti ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na 1990s, na n'ikpeazụ, ọ kwụsịrị ịwepụta albums kpamkpam. Na 21 Jenụarị 1993, [23] ejidere ya na ndị otu anọ nke Africa 70 ma emesịa bo ya ebubo na 25 Jenụwarị maka igbu ọchụ nke onye ọrụ ọkụ eletrik. [24] Asịrị na-ekwukwa na ọ na-arịa ọrịa nke ọ na-ajụ ọgwụgwọ. Agbanyeghị, enwebeghị nkwupụta nkwenye sitere na Kuti gbasara ntule a.

Ọnwụ

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N'ụbọchị nke atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst 1997, nwanne Kuti Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, onye bụbu onye na-akwado ọrịa AIDS a ma ama na onye bụbu minista ahụike, kwupụtara na Kuti anwụọla n'ụbọchị gara aga site na nsogbu ndị metụtara AIDS (ọrịa obirinajaọcha). Kuti bụbu onye na- agọnarị ọrịa AIDS, [25] nwunye ya kwusiri ike na di ya anwụghị n'ihi ọrịa AIDS. [26] [27] Nwa ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ Seun weere ọrụ iduzi ndị otu Kuti mbụ bụ Egypt 80. Dịka n'afọ 2020, ìgwè ahụ ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-ewepụta egwu n'okpuru moniker Seun Kuti & Egypt 80 . [28]

Egwu

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A na-akpọ ụdị egwu Kuti Afrobeat . Ọ bụ ụdị o mebere nke ukwuu, ma bụrụ ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke jazz, funk, highlife, na egwu ọdịnaala ndị Naijiria, Africa na ukwe. O nwere ihe dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ obi mmụọ ma nwee myirịta na ụdị nhazi James Brown. Afrobeat na-enwetakwa nnukwu ego site na "tinker pan". [29] Tony Allen (onye na-akụ Kuti afọ iri abụọ) nyere aka n'ichepụta Afrobeat. Kuti kwuru otu oge na "a gaghị enwe Afrobeat na-enweghị Tony Allen". [30]

Ndị otu Kuti ama ama maka igosipụta saxophone baritone abụọ mgbe ọtụtụ otu na-eji naanị otu. Nke a bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị n'ụdị egwu Africa na nke Africa ma nwee ike ịhụ ya na funk na hip hop . Ndị otu ya na-eji bassists abụọ na-eme oge ụfọdụ n'otu oge ma na-egwu egwu na-agbakọ ọnụ na rhythms. A na-enwekarị ndị egwu egwu abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Guitar ụdị ọkụ eletrik West African dị na band Afrobeat bụ ihe kachasị mkpa mana ejiri ya na-enye usoro ntọala, na-akpọ nkwupụta ụda olu / ụda olu ugboro ugboro, riff, ma ọ bụ groove.

Ụfọdụ ihe na-adịkarị na egwu Kuti bụ oku na nzaghachi n'ime egwu egwu na ihe atụ mana dị mfe. Egwu ya dịkwa ogologo nke ukwuu, ọ dịkarịa ala nkeji 10–15 n'ogologo, na ọtụtụ ruru nkeji 20 ma ọ bụ 30, ebe ụfọdụ egwu anaghị ewepụta ga-adịru nkeji iri anọ na ise mgbe a na-eme ya ndụ. Ogologo ha bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe kpatara na egwu ya erubeghị ogo ewu ewu na mpụga Africa. Ihe ndekọ LP ya na-enwekarị otu egwu nkeji iri atọ n'otu akụkụ. A na-enwekarị akụkụ "Instrumental Instrumental" jam akụkụ nke egwu ahụ ihe dị ka nkeji 10-15 tupu Kuti amalite abụ akụkụ "isi" nke egwu ahụ, na-egosipụta egwu ya na ịbụ abụ, maka nkeji 10-15 ọzọ. N'ụfọdụ ndekọ, a na-ekewa abụ ya ụzọ abụọ: Nkebi nke 1 bụ ngwa ihe, na akụkụ 2 na-agbakwunye na ụda olu.

A na-abụkarị egwu Kuti na Nigerian pidgin English, n’agbanyeghị na o mekwara egwu ole na ole n’asụsụ Yoruba. Akụrụngwa ya bụ isi bụ saxophone na ahụigodo, mana ọ na-akpọkwa opi, ụbọ eletrik, na sọọsọ ịgbà. Kuti jụrụ ime egwu ọzọ ka o dekọchara ha, nke gbochiri ewu ewu ya na mpụga Africa  .

A maara Kuti maka ihe ngosi ya, na ihe nkiri ya na-abụkarị ihe na-adịghị mma na adị aghara. Ọ zoro aka n'omume ogbo ya dị ka "Egwuregwu ime mmụọ n'okpuru ala". Ọtụtụ ndị tụrụ anya na ọ ga-eme ihe ngosi dị ka ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa, ma n'oge 1980, ọ nweghị mmasị n'itinye "ihe ngosi". Ọrụ Europe ya bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ihe dị mkpa n'oge ahụ na mkpali ya ndị ọzọ. [3] Ọ nwara ime ihe nkiri ma ọkụ ahụ gọọmenti ndị agha na-achị kụnyere n’ụlọ ya tụfuru ya. [31] O chere na nka, na si otú a egwu nke ya, kwesịrị inwe ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pụtara. [3]

Kuti bụ akụkụ nke mmegharị nsụhọ Afro-Centric nke hiwere na ma wepụta ya site na egwu ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ gụnyere na Hank Bordowitz Noise of the World, Kuti kwuru:

Egwú kwesịrị inwe mmetụta. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-egwu egwu ma ndị mmadụ anaghị eche ihe, ị naghị eme shit. Nke ahụ bụ ihe egwu Afrịka gbasara. Mgbe ị nụrụ ihe, ị ga-emegharịrịrị. Achọrọ m ịkpali ndị mmadụ ịgba egwu, kamakwa iche echiche. Egwu chọrọ ikpebi ndụ ka mma, megide ndụ ọjọọ. Mgbe ị na-ege ntị ihe na-egosi na ị na-ebi ndụ ka mma, ma ị naghị ebi ndụ ka mma, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-emetụta gị. [32]

Egwu Kuti na ime ihe ike sitere na gburugburu ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ onyonyo a chọtara na Faces of Africa na CGTN Africa, o kwuru maka ntụnyere n'etiti egwu ịhụnanya Bekee na egwu nke ya:

Ee, ọ bụrụ na ịnọ n'England, egwu ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ngwa na-atọ ụtọ. Ị nwere ike na-abụ maka ịhụnanya, ị nwere ike bụrụ abụ banyere onye ị ga-edina ọzọ. Mana na gburugburu nke m, obodo m enweghị mmepe n'ihi usoro mba ọzọ na ndị anyị. Yabụ na ọ nweghị ụtọ egwu. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ka ịhụnanya. Ọ dị ihe dị ka mgba maka ịdị adị ndị mmadụ.

Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmemme

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Ime ihe

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Kuti na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Africa site na 1970 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Ọ katọrọ nrụrụ aka nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Naijiria na mmeso ụmụ amaala Naijiria. O kwuru banyere ọchịchị colonial dị ka mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-akpagbu ndị Africa. Nrụrụ aka bụ otu n'ime nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kacha njọ chere Afrịka ihu na 1970 na Naịjirịa so na mba ndị kacha arụrụ arụ. Gọọmenti ya kpara nkata nhoputa ndi ochichi ma mebie ọchịchị nke mechara kawanye ịda ogbenye, ahaghị nhata akụ na ụba, enweghị ọrụ, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-akwalite nrụrụ aka na mpụ. Egwu ngagharị iwe Kuti kpuchiri isiokwu ndị sitere n'eziokwu nrụrụ aka na enweghị ahaghị n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Afrịka. Enwere ike ịnụ nkwupụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kuti na Afrịka niile. [31]

Okwu Kuti kwuputara n'ihu ọha banyere ọchịchị ime ihe ike na mmegbu na-achị Naijiria abịaghị n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya. E jidere ya n'ihe karịrị oge 200 dị iche iche wee nọrọ oge n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, gụnyere ọnwa 20 kachasị ogologo ya mgbe ejidechara ya na 1984. N'elu oge nga, gọọmenti rụrụ arụ zigara ndị agha ka ha kụrie Kuti, ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya, ma bibie ebe ọ bụla o bi na ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe ndekọ ọ bụla o nwere. [33] [34]

N'ime 1970s, Kuti malitere ịgbasa ogidi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ekwu okwu na oghere mgbasa ozi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị na kwa izu dịka Daily Times na The Punch, na-agafe nchịkọta akụkọ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke steeti Nigeria na-achị. Ebipụtara ya na 1970s na mmalite 1980 n'okpuru aha "Chief Priest Say", kọlụm ndị a bụ ndọtị nke Kuti a ma ama Yabi Sessions—ememe na-akwalite mmụọ okwu, ya na onwe ya dị ka onye isi nchụaja, emere na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ abalị Lagos ya. N'ịbụ onye a haziri gburugburu ntụgharị Afrocentric na-alụ ọgụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme na isi mmalite nke ịma mma ojii, "Chief Priest Say" lekwasịrị anya na ọrụ nke oke omenaala na-aga n'ihu na-edo onwe ndị Africa. Kuti kwuru okwu n'ọtụtụ isiokwu, site na nkatọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke omume mpụ nke Gọọmenti Naijiria, ụdị nrigbu nke Islam na Christianity, na ajọ ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa; ka deconstructions nke Western ọgwụ, Black Alakụba, mmekọahụ, mmetọ, na ịda ogbenye. "Chief Priest Say" mechara kagbuo Daily Times na The Punch . Ọtụtụ ndị ekwuola na a manyere ndị na-edezi akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ka ha kwụsị ibipụta ya, gụnyere iyi egwu ime ihe ike. 

Echiche Ndị Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị

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Egwu Kuti kwuputara echiche ime ya. Ngolite ya na ewu ewu n'ime 1970s gosipụtara mgbanwe na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti egwu dị ka ụdị nka na okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. [35] N'afọ 1984, ọ katọrọ ma kparị onye ọchịchị mgbe ahụ bụ onyeisiala mba Naijiria bụ Muhammadu Buhari. [36] "Beast of No Nation", otu n'ime egwu ya kacha ewu ewu, na-ezo aka na Buhari dịka "anụmanụ dị n'ahụ onye ara"; in Nigerian Pidgin: "No be outside Buhari dey ee / na craze man be dat / Animal in craze man skini." Kuti kwenyesiri ike na Africa ma na-ekwusa udo mgbe niile n'etiti ndị obodo ya. O chere na ụzọ kacha mkpa ha ga-esi lụso ọchịchị alaeze ukwu Europe ọgụ bụ ịkwado okpukpe ọdịnala na ụzọ ndụ na kọntinent ha. [3] Otu ndị ike ojii America metukwara echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kuti; ọ kwadoro Pan-Africanism na socialism ma kpọkuo ka mba Africa dị n'otu, onye kwuo uche ya. [37] [38] Ndị isi Africa ọ kwadoro n'oge ndụ ya gụnyere Kwame Nkrumah na Thomas Sankara . [18] Kuti bụ ezigbo onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, na ọtụtụ n'ime egwu ya bụ ọgụ megide ọchịchị aka ike, kpọmkwem gọọmentị militaristic nke Nigeria na 1970s na 1980. Ọ katọkwara ndị Africa ibe ya (karịsịa ndị elu) maka ịgọnarị omenala ndị Africa ọdịnala.

N'afọ 1978, Kuti ghọrọ nwoke ji ọtụtụ ụmụnwanyị mgbe ọ lụrụ ụmụnwanyị iri abụọ na asaa n'otu oge. [39] [40] Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ a kpọsara nke ukwuu rụrụ ọtụtụ ebumnuche: ọ bụ ụbọchị ncheta otu afọ nke Kuti na ndị nwunye ya lanarịrị mwakpo gọọmentị Naijiria wakporo Kalakuta Republic na 1977, [41] ma mekwaa mmekọrịta Kuti na ụmụnwanyị ya na ha bi; Iwu a gbochiri gọọmenti Naijiria ịwakpo ogige Kuti n'ihi na Kuti tọọrọ ụmụnwaanyị ahụ. [41] Kuti kọwakwara ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị dị ka ezi uche na adaba: “Nwoke na-aga maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na mbụ. Dị ka ọ dị na Europe, nwoke lụrụ nwanyị, mgbe nwunye ya na-ehi ụra, ọ na-apụ gakwuru ụmụnwanyị ọzọ. Ọ ga-akpọta ndị inyom n’ụlọ, ka ha na ya biri, kwụsị ịgba ọsọ n’okporo ámá!” [42] Ụfọdụ na-akọwa echiche ya n'ebe ụmụnwanyị nọ dị ka nhụsianya ma na-ehotakarị egwu dịka "Mattress" dịka ihe akaebe ọzọ. [43] [44] N'ihe atụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị, ọ na-akwa emo ọchịchọ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na ụkpụrụ nke ịbụ nwanyị Europe mgbe ọ na-ebuli ụkpụrụ nke nwanyị ahịa na "Lady". [44] Agbanyeghị, Kuti katọkwara ihe o lere anya na ngosipụta na-adịghị mma nke ịbụ nwoke Africa. N'abụ ya "JJD (Johnny Just Drop)" na "Gentleman", Kuti na-akwa emo maka omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụnwoke Africa na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ Europe ma kwupụta onwe ya "onye Africa: Original". [41]

Kuti bụkwa onye na-akatọ mba Amerịka. Na nzukọ n'oge njem 1981 ya na Amsterdam, ọ "kọsara mkpesa banyere agha uche nke òtù America dị ka ITT na CIA busoro mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe n'ihe gbasara asụsụ". N'ihi na okwu ndị dị ka Ụwa nke Atọ, ndị na-emepebeghị emepe, ma ọ bụ-ọbụna nke ka njọ - mba ndị na-abụghị nke na- egosi na ọ dị ala, Kuti chere na e kwesịghị iji ha mee ihe. [39]

Ihe nketa

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A na-echeta Kuti dị ka onye ama ama nke kwupụtara echiche ya n'ihe metụtara mba ahụ site na egwu ya. Kemgbe 1998, mmemme Felabration, echiche nke nwa ya nwanyị Yeni Kuti malitere, [45] na-eme kwa afọ na New Afrika Shrine iji mee ememe ndụ nke akụkọ egwu a na ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya. Ebe ọ bụ na Kuti nwụrụ na 1997, enweela mmụgharị nke mmetụta ya na egwu na omenala ndị a ma ama, na-ejedebe na mwepụta ọzọ nke katalọgụ ya nke UMG na-achịkwa, Broadway na Off-Broadway nke ehibere site n'onu ya, na ndị egwú ọhụrụ, dị ka Antibalas, ndị na-ebu ọkọlọtọ Afrobeat na ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ege ntị.

N'afọ 1999, Universal Music France, n'okpuru Francis Kertekian, megharịrị nchịkọta egwu ya iri anọ na ise nke o nwere wee wepụta ha na diski kọmpat 26. Enyere aha ndị a ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma e wezụga na Nigeria na Japan, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwere egwu Kuti. N'afọ 2005, ọrụ ndị America nke UMG nyere ikike nke aha egwu ụwa niile na akara UK Wrasse Records, bụ nke weghachitere diski 26 ahụ maka nkesa na United States (ebe ha na-anọchi anya isiokwu site na MCA ) na UK. N'afọ 2009, Universal mepụtara nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ maka mba US na Europe, na Knitting Factory Records na PIAS n'otu n'otu, nke gụnyere ntọhapụ nke Broadway nkedo ndekọ nke egwu Fela! N'afọ 2013, njikwa ikike BMG nwetara FKO Ltd., ụlọ ọrụ nwere ikike nke ihe niile Kuti mere.

N'afọ 2003, ihe ngosi Black President gbara na New Museum for Contemporary Art, New York, wee gosipụta egwu, ihe ngosi, ihe nkiri, na ọrụ ndị nka mba ụwa dị iri atọ na itoolu. [46] [39] [47]

Onye ọgụ egwu America bụ Bilal dekọrọ ihe nrụpụtagharị nke Kuti's 1977 " Anya mmiri na Ọbara " maka album ya nke abụọ, Love for Sale, na-egosi onye ọbịa rap nke Common . Bilal zoro aka na ngwakọta Kuti nke jazz na mmasị ndị mmadụ dịka mmetụta na egwu ya.

Ihe nkiri nke afọ 2007 The Visitor, nke Thomas McCarthy duziri, gosipụtara prọfesọ kwụsịrị ( Richard Jenkins ) onye chọrọ ịgụ egwu djembe ; ọ na-amụta site na nwa okorobịa Siria ( Haaz Sleiman ) bụ onye na-agwa prọfesọ na ọ gaghị aghọta n'ezie egwu Africa ma ọ gwụla ma ọ na-ege Kuti ntị. Ihe nkiri a nwere obere vidiyo nke Kuti's "Open and Close" na " Je'nwi Temi (Don't Gag Me)".

N'afọ 2008, mmepụta ihe na-apụ apụ na Broadway gbasara ndụ Kuti, nke akpọrọ Fela! sitere na akụkọ ndụ 1982 Fela, Fela! Nke a Bitch of a Life nke Carlos Moore, [48] [49] malitere site na nkuzi mmekorita n'etiti Afrobeat band Antibalas na Tony award-winner Bill T. Jones . Nmepụta ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, na-ere ahịa n'oge ọ na-agba ọsọ ma nweta otuto dị egwu. Na 22 Nọvemba 2009, Fela! malitere ịgba ọsọ na Broadway na ụlọ ihe nkiri Eugene O'Neill . Jim Lewis nyeere aka dee edemede ahụ (yana Jones) wee nweta nkwado onye mmepụta site na Jay-Z na Will Smith, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Na 4 Mee 2010, Fela! a họpụtara maka 11 Tony Awards, gụnyere Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, Best Direction of a Musical for Bill T. Jones, Best Leading Actor in a Musical for Sahr Ngaujah, na Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Lillias White . [50] Na 2011, mmepụta London nke Fela! (nke a na-eme na Royal National Theatre ) bụ ihe nkiri. [39] Na 11 June 2012, a mara ọkwa na Fela! ga-alaghachi na Broadway maka mmemme 32.

Na 18 August 2009, DJ J.Period weputara free mixtape na ọha ọha, nke isiokwu ya bụ Ndị ozi . Ọ bụ mmekorita ya na onye na-ese hip-hop nke a mụrụ na Somalia bụ K'naan na-akwụ ụgwọ maka Kuti, Bob Marley, na Bob Dylan .

Ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị, Knitting Factory Records malitere ịmaliteghachi aha 45 nke UMG na-achịkwa, malite na ntinye ọzọ na US nke nchịkọta The Best of the Black President, nke emechara ma wepụta ya na 2013. [51]

Fela Nwa Kuti: Ọdịda Kalakuta bụ egwuregwu egwuregwu nke Onyekaba Cornel Best dere na 2010. O nwela otuto mmeri dịka akụkụ nke Felabration nke afọ ahụ wee laghachi na 2014 na National Theater and Freedom Park na Lagos. Egwuregwu ahụ na-ekwu maka ihe omume na ebe nzuzo, otu ụbọchị mgbe ọdịda Kalakuta gasịrị.

Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri zuru oke nke ịchọta Fela, nke Alex Gibney duziri, malitere na 2014 Sundance Film Festival .

 
Fela Kuti akpụrụ akpụ na Ikeja, Lagos

Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ site na Focus Features, nke Steve McQueen na-eduzi ma dee ya bụ Biyi Bandele, na-ekwu na ọ na-emepụta na 2010, ya na Chiwetel Ejiofor na-edu ndú. [52] Otú ọ dị, site n'afọ 2014, a naghị emepụta atụmatụ ahụ n'okpuru Features Focus, na mgbe ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede bụ isi, Andrew Dosunmu nọchiri McQueen dịka onye nduzi. McQueen gwara The Hollywood Reporter na ihe nkiri a "nwụrụ anwụ". [53]

Ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ 2019 Enyi m Fela ( Meu amigo Fela ), nke Joel Zito Araújo mere, na-enyocha mgbagwoju anya nke ndụ Kuti "site na anya na mkparịta ụka" nke onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya bụ Carlos Moore . [54]

Ndị njikọta jazz/afrobeat album Rejoice nke Tony Allen na Hugh Masekela, ewepụtara na 2020, gụnyere egwu "Ọ dịghị mgbe (Lagos agaghị abụ otu)", ụtụ maka Kuti, onye Allen na Masekela zutere na 1970s. [55] [56]

Egwu Kuti "Zombie" apụtala na egwuregwu vidiyo Grand Theft Auto: IV, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Nzukọ Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame na 2021. [57]

N'afọ 2021, Hulu wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere akụkụ isii akpọrọ "McCartney 3, 2, 1," nke e hotara Paul McCartney ka ọ na-ekwu maka nleta ịhụ Fela Kuti na African Shrine, Kuti's club na mpụga Lagos, na mmalite 1970s. : "Egwu ahụ dị nnọọ ịtụnanya nke na m bere ákwá. Ịnụ nke ahụ bụ otu n'ime oge egwu kachasị mma na ndụ m." [58]

N'ubochi nke mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, e mepere ihe nde ihe n'acha bluu nke Nubian Jak Community Trust at 12 Stanlake Road, Shepherd's Bush, ebe Kuti biburu na London n'afọ 1958 n'aka amụ egwu na Trinity College.[59][60] Mmemme a gụnyere nkwanye ùgwù si n'aka nwa ya nwanyị bụ Shalewa Ransome-Kuti, Resonance FM onye nta akụkọ Debbie Golt, onye bụburu onye nlekọta ọrụ Kuti bụ Rikki Stein, onye ǹkà egwu Lemi Ghariokwu, na ndị ọzọ.[61][62][63]

Na 2022, ewebatara Kuti n'ime Black Music &amp; Entertainment Walk of Fame . [64]

Ihe ngosi

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Ihe nkiri

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  • Enyi m Fela, 2019, Joel Zito Araújo (Casa de Criação Cinema)
  • Ịchọta Fela, 2014, Alex Gibney na Jack Gulick (Jigsaw Productions)
  • Femi Kuti - Bi na Shrine, 2005, e dekọrọ na Lagos, Nigeria (Foto nkwụ)
  • Fela Live! Fela Anikulapo-Kuti na Egypt '80 Band , 1984, e dekọrọ na Glastonbury, England (Yazoo)
  • Fela Kuti: Onye nkuzi Akụzila m ihe efu & Berliner Jazztage '78 (Ụdị Abụọ), 1984 ( Lorber Films )
  • Fela na Concert, 1981 (Lee)
  • Egwu Bụ Ngwá Agha, 1982, Stéphane Tchalgadjieff na Jean-Jacques Flori (Egwu Egwu)

Edensibịa

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Ihe ndetu

  1. ↑ Fela Kuti – 10 of the best (en). the Guardian (2016-05-05). Retrieved on 2022-03-03.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Albert Oikelome. Stylistic Analysis of Afrobeat Music of Fela Anikulapo Kuti. Analysisworldmusic.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved on 27 January 2013.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Grass (1 January 1986). "Fela Anikulapo-Kuti: The Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". The Drama Review: TDR 30 (1): 131–148. DOI:10.2307/1145717. 
  4. ↑ Ogunnaike. "Celebrating the Life and Impact of the Nigerian Music Legend Fela", The New York Times, 17 July 2003. Retrieved on 18 November 2010.
  5. ↑ Hamilton, Janice. Nigeria in Pictures, p. 70.
  6. ↑ Origin of NUT. nut-nigeria.org. Nigeria Union of Teachers. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved on 13 January 2020.
  7. ↑ Fela Kuti remembered: 'He was a tornado of a man, but he loved humanity' (en). the Guardian (2010-10-30). Retrieved on 2022-03-09.
  8. ↑ Spencer. "Fela Kuti remembered: 'He was a tornado of a man, but he loved humanity'", The Guardian, 2010-10-30. Retrieved on 1 October 2016. (in en-GB)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Olatunji (2007). "Yabis: A Phenomenon in the Contemporary Nigerian Music". The Journal of Pan African Studies 1: 26–46. 
  10. ↑ VANGUARD. allafrica. Retrieved on 27 August 2020.
  11. ↑ Arogundade (12 October 2015). Sandra Iszadore, Fashola, Ajibade, others speak at Felabration. PM News. Retrieved on 7 November 2021.
  12. ↑ Tewksbury, Drew. "Fela Kuti's Lover and Mentor Sandra Smith Talks About Afrobeat's L.A. Origins, as Fela! Musical Arrives at the Ahmanson", L.A. Weekly, December 13, 2011. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.
  13. ↑ Olaniyan, Tejumola. (2004). Arrest the music! : Fela and his rebel art and politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-11034-3. OCLC 65189067. 
  14. ↑ Meaning of Anikulapo in. Nigerian.name (11 January 2008). Retrieved on 1 October 2011.
  15. ↑ [[[:Templeeti:AllMusic]] Bobby Gass credits], AllMusic
  16. ↑ See: Washington (2014). The Architects of Existence: Aje in Yoruba Cosmology, Ontology, and Orature. Oya's Tornado, 218–219. ISBN 978-0991073016. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Culshaw. "The big Fela", The Guardian, 15 August 2004. Retrieved on 2 May 2010.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Collins (5 June 2015). Fela: Kalakuta Notes. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 9780819575401. 
  19. ↑ Fela Kuti: Music is the Weapon. Directors Jean-Jacques Flori and Stephane Tchalgadjieff. 1982. Universal Import. March 2004.
  20. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Fela Kuti & Egypt 80 Arsenal TV3 Catalonian TV 1987-08-04. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2014-03-19. Retrieved on 2020-05-01.: Fela Kuti & Egypt 80 Arsenal TV3 Catalonian TV 1987-08-04. YouTube. Retrieved on 2020-05-01.
  21. ↑ Adenekan. "Obituary: Dr Beko Ransome-Kuti", The Guardian, 15 February 2006.
  22. ↑ Success stories. Amnesty International. Retrieved on 9 June 2012.
  23. ↑ Akinyemi. NOSTALGIA: 28 Years Ago Today, Fela Kuti Was Arrested On Suspicion Of Murder - A New Touch of Africa (en-US). Retrieved on 2021-01-24.
  24. ↑ "NIGERIAN MUSICIAN FELA CHARGED WITH MURDER", The Washington Post, 1993-01-25. Retrieved on 2021-01-24. (in en-US)
  25. ↑ Schoofs (3 November 1999). Part 2: A Tale of Two Brothers. The Village Voice.
  26. ↑ Fela Did Not Die of AIDS, Widow Insists. Daily Times Nigeria (29 March 2015).
  27. ↑ See: Washington (2014). The Architects of Existence: Aje in Yoruba Cosmology, Ontology, and Orature. Oya's Tornado, 285n105. ISBN 978-0991073016. 
  28. ↑ Seun Kuti & Egypt 80 | Biography & History (en-us). AllMusic. Retrieved on 2020-09-06.
  29. ↑ As Iwedi Ojinmah points out in his article "Baba is Dead – Long Live Baba,"
  30. ↑ Williamson (1 May 2020). Giants of Afrobeat: an interview with Tony Allen and Orlando Julius (en). Songlines. Retrieved on 2021-01-15.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Darnton. "NIGERIA'S DISSIDENT SUPERSTAR", The New York Times, 1977-07-24. Retrieved on 2021-04-29. (in en-US)
  32. ↑ Bordowitz (2004). Noise of the World: Non-Western Musicians In Their Own Words. Canada: Soft Skull Press. 
  33. ↑ 20 years after Fela's death, his music, lifestyle and influence lives on » YNaija (en-GB). YNaija (2017-08-03). Retrieved on 2021-01-20.
  34. ↑ Darnton. "NIGERIA'S DISSIDENT SUPERSTAR (Published 1977)", The New York Times, 1977-07-24. Retrieved on 2021-01-20. (in en-US)
  35. ↑ Shonekan (1 January 2009). "Fela's Foundation: Examining the Revolutionary Songs of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Abeokuta Market Women's Movement in 1940s Western Nigeria". Black Music Research Journal 29 (1): 127–144. 
  36. ↑ Denselow. "Nigeria's new president Muhammadu Buhari – the man who jailed Fela Kuti", The Guardian, 1 April 2015. Retrieved on 4 October 2016. (in en-GB)
  37. ↑ Stewart (5 December 2013). "Make It Funky: Fela Kuti, James Brown and the Invention of Afrobeat". American Studies 52 (4): 99–118. DOI:10.1353/ams.2013.0124. ISSN 2153-6856. 
  38. ↑ Hadj-Moussa (9 July 2014). Suffering, Art, and Aesthetics. Springer. ISBN 9781137426086. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Collins (5 June 2015). Fela: Kalakuta Notes. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 9780819575401. 
  40. ↑ Moore (1982). Fela: This Bitch of a Life. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 9781556528354. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Washington (2014). The Architects of Existence: Aje in Yoruba Cosmology, Ontology, and Orature. Oya's Tornado, 218. ISBN 978-0991073016. 
  42. ↑ Fela Kuti. Jaybabcock.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved on 1 October 2011.
  43. ↑ Stanovsky (1998). Fela and His Wives: The Import of a Postcolonial Masculinity. Jouvert. english.chass.ncsu.edu. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved on 16 March 2010.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Olaniyan (1 May 2001). "The Cosmopolitan Nativist: Fela Anikulapo-Kuti and the Antinomies of Postcolonial Modernity". Research in African Literatures 32 (2): 76–89. DOI:10.2979/RAL.2001.32.2.76. ISSN 1527-2044. 
  45. ↑ Felabration 2019: How We Came About the Theme, 'From Lagos, With Love!' – Yeni Kuti. The News (22 September 2019). Retrieved on 6 November 2021.
  46. ↑ "Black President: the Art and Legacy of Fela Anikulapo-Kuti", New Museum Digital Archive.
  47. ↑ Koirala, Snigdha. —Black President: The Art and Legacy of Fela Anikulapo Kuti, New Museum of Contemporary Art. BOMB Magazine. Retrieved on 29 November 2016.
  48. ↑ Bossler, Gregory (13 July 2012). Fela!: Review Roundup. Gregorybossler.com. Retrieved on 27 January 2013.
  49. ↑ Reedy, R. Scott (3 May 2012). Theatergoers can't stay in their seats during 'Fela!'. Marshfield Mariner. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved on 27 January 2013.
  50. ↑ Tony Award Nominations, 2010. Archived from the original on 9 May 2010.
  51. ↑ Chick (2013-03-04). BBC - Music - Review of Fela Kuti - The Best of the Black President 2 (en-GB). BBC. Retrieved on 2021-01-28.
  52. ↑ Mike Fleming Jr (4 May 2010). As 'Fela!' Lands 11 Tony Noms, Pic On The Musician/Activist Signs Chiwetel Ejiofor. Deadline.com. Retrieved on 27 January 2021.
  53. ↑ Ginsberg (2014-01-09). Fela Kuti Biopic Soldiers On, Without Steve McQueen or Focus Features (en). The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved on 2021-01-28.
  54. ↑ "My Friend Fela", IFFR.
  55. ↑ Denselow (19 March 2020). Tony Allen: Afrobeat's master on Hugh Masekela, Damon Albarn and friction with Fela Kuti.
  56. ↑ Music News. Tony Allen & Hugh Masekela Pay Tribute to Fela In 'Never (Lagos Never Gonna Be The Same)'. OkayAfrica. Retrieved on 6 November 2021.
  57. ↑ Jay-Z, Mary J. Blige, Tina Turner Among 16 Nominees For Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame (en). NPR.org. Retrieved on 2021-02-11.
  58. ↑ Ruggieri, Melissa. "Paul recalls The Beatles' 'laboratory'", USA Today, Monday, 19 July 2021, p. 7B.
  59. ↑ Afrobeat legend Fela Kuti honoured with blue plaque in Shepherds Bush. H&F (Hammersmith & Fulham) (3 November 2021). Retrieved on 4 November 2021.
  60. ↑ Fela Kuti honoured with Blue Plaque at former London home. The Voice (4 November 2021). Retrieved on 5 November 2021.
  61. ↑ Smith (3 November 2021). Another Fela Kuti Plaque unveiled in London. African Voice. Retrieved on 7 November 2021.
  62. ↑ News Team (4 November 2021). New Blue Plaque Honours Local Afrobeat Legend. The Chiswick Herald. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved on 7 November 2021.
  63. ↑ Nkrumah (1 November 2021). Fela Kuti, godfather of Afrobeat, honoured with a blue heritage plaque in London, England. GhanaWeb. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved on 7 November 2021.
  64. ↑ Conteh (2022-02-22). More Excellence: Snoop Dogg, Fela Kuti, Berry Gordy Honored at Atlanta's Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame (en-US). Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2022-02-22.
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