Wikipedia

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti

Funmilayo Anikulapo-Kuti, bụ onye nkuzi Naijiria, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị.

Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, MON (/ˌfʊnmiˈlaɪjoʊ ˈrænsəm ˈkuːti/; amụrụ Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas; 25 October 1900 – 13 Eprel 1978), nke a makwaara dị ka Funmilayo Aníkúlá, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria, Chief Funmi-Kuti.  suffragist, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị.

Chief

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti

MON
Photo of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti standing with hands clasped together in front of her
Ransome-Kuti in 1970
Born
Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas

(1900-10-25) 25 Ọktoba 1900
Abeokuta, Southern Nigeria
Died13 Eprelụ 1978(1978-04-13) (aged 77)
Lagos, Nigeria
Occupation
  • Educator
  • politician
  • women's rights activist
Spouse(s)
Children
Relatives
AwardsLenin Peace Prize (1970)

A mụrụ Fumilayo Ransome Kuti na Abeokuta nke dị ugbu a na steeti Ogun, ma bụrụ nwa akwụkwọ nwanyị mbụ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Grammar Abeokuta.[1].  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi, na-ahazi ụfọdụ n’ime klas ndị mbụ e nwere n’ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na mba ahụ na ịhazi klas ịgụ na ide maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-enweghị ego.

N'ime 1940s, Ransome-Kuti hiwere otu ndị inyom Abeokuta ma kwado maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na-achọ ka ndị inyom nọchite anya ka mma n'òtù ọchịchị obodo na ịkwụsị ụtụ isi na-ezighị ezi n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị ahịa nọ.  Ndị mgbasa ozi kọwara dị ka "Lionness of Lisabi",[1]: 77  o duuru ngagharịiwe na ngagharị iwe ruru ụmụ nwanyị 10,000, na-amanye Alake na-achị ka ọ hapụ nwa oge n'afọ 1949. Ka mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ransome-Kuti na-eto, o so na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  Nkwekọrịta nnwere onwe nke Naijiria, ịga ogbako na isonye na ndị nnọchi anya mba ofesi iji kparịta usoro iwu obodo a chọrọ.  N'ịbụ onye na-ebute ụzọ n'ichepụta otu ndị inyom Naijiria na Federation of Nigeria Women's Societies, ọ kwadoro maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nwere ịtụ vootu wee bụrụ onye ama ama na udo zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmegharị ikike ụmụ nwanyị.

Ransome-Kuti nwetara ihe nrite udo nke Lenin wee nye ya onye otu Order of the Niger maka ọrụ ya.  N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ kwadoro nkatọ ụmụ ya na-akatọ ọchịchị ndị agha Naịjirịa.  Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 77 ka e merụrụ ahụ na mwakpo ndị agha wakporo ezinụlọ.  Ụmụ Ransome-Kuti gụnyere onye egwu Fela Kuti (amụrụ Olufela Ransome-Kuti), dọkịnta na onye na-akwado Beko Ransome-Kuti, na minista ahụike Olikoye Ransome-Kuti.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

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A mụrụ Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas na 25 Ọktoba 1900 na Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, nke n'oge ahụ dị iche na Southern Nigeria Protectorate, Protectorate nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain.[1] A mụrụ ya na Chief Daniel Olumeyuwa Thomas (1869-1954), onye so n'ezinụlọ Jibolu-Taiwo, na Lucretia Phyllis Omoyeni Adeosolu (1874-1956).: 20 Nna ya na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ma na-ere ahịa nkwụ, nne ya na-arụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ejiji.[2][3]

A mụrụ nna Frances na Ebenezer Sobowale Thomas, onye amụrụ na Freetown, Sierra Leone, na Abigail Fakemi, onye amuru n'obodo Yoruba nke Ilesa. Nna nna Frances kacha okenye a maara bụ nne nne ya, Sarah Taiwo (nne Ebenezer Sobowale Thomas), nwanyị Yoruba nke ndị na-ere ohu jidere na mmalite narị afọ nke 19 tupu ọ laghachi n'ụlọ ya na Abeokuta. Di mbụ Sarah bụ Sobowale Thomas. Ụmụ Sarah site na Thomas na di ya abụọ ndị ọzọ - Jibolu-Taiwos - ghọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime Ndị Kraịst mbụ n'ógbè ahụ, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na uto nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na Abeokuta.

A mụrụ nne Frances n'aka Isaac Adeosolu, onye si Abeokuta, na Harriet, nwa nwanyị Adeboye, onye si n'obodo Yoruba oge ochie nke Ile-Ife. Nne na nna ya lụrụ na 1897, ha nwekwara ụmụ abụọ nwụrụ na nwata tupu a mụọ Frances: 19-23[2] 

 
Abeokuta na 1929
 
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (etiti) na di na ụmụ c. 1940

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ maka ezinụlọ ndị Naijiria itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ dị ukwuu maka ụmụ agbọghọ, ndị mụrụ Frances kwenyere na mkpa agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.: 28 Ọ gara Abeokuta Grammar School maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya.[2][4] Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ meghere naanị ụmụ akwụkwọ nwoke, mana ọ nabatara ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị mbụ ya na 1914, Frances bụkwa onye mbụ n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ isii debanyere aha maka ọmụmụ ihe n'afọ ahụ: 28-29 Site na 1919 ruo 1922, ọ gara mba ọzọ wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na Cheshire, England, ebe ọ mụtara ikwu okwu, egwu, ime ejiji, French, na nkà dị iche iche nke ụlọ.[2] Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka o mere mkpebi na-adịgide adịgide iji aha Yoruba ya dị mkpirikpi, Funmilayo, kama aha Ndị Kraịst ya Frances,: 30-31 nwere ike ịbụ nzaghachi maka ahụmịhe onwe onye nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na England.[2][5] Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Abeokuta ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi.[1]

Na 20 Jenụwarị 1925, Funmilayo lụrụ Reverend Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, onye so n'ezinụlọ Ransome-Cuti.: 33 Israel gụrụ akwụkwọ na Abeokuta Grammar School ọtụtụ afọ n'ihu Funmilayo, mgbe ọ ka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ha abụọ zụlitere ọbụbụenyi wee soro na mbedo.: 29 Israel chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ, o kwenyesiri ike n'ịkọrọ ndị mmadụ ọnụ ma merie nkewa agbụrụ na mpaghara.[2][2] O mechara bụrụ onye guzobere ma Njikọ Ndị Nkụzi Naịjirịa na Njikọ Ụmụ akwụkwọ Naịjirị: 46-47 Alụmdi na nwunye ya na Funmilayo ga-adịru afọ 30 - ruo ọnwụ Israel - ma nwee mmetụta nke ịha nhata na nkwanye ùgwù miri emi n'etiti di na nwunye ahụ.: 42[2][2] 

: Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ahapụla ọrụ ochie ya dị ka onye nkụzi, ma ọ chọtara ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'oge na-adịghị anya.  N'afọ 1928, o hiwere otu n'ime klas mbụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na Nigeria.  N'otu oge ahụ, ọ malitere otu klọb maka ụmụ agbọghọ nke ezinụlọ ndị ama ama iji gbaa "mmezi onwe ha" ume, ebe ọ na-ahazikwa klaasị maka ụmụ nwanyị na-agụghị akwụkwọ.  ma si n’England bugara ha ya.  Ransome-Kuti bụ nwanyị mbụ na-anya ụgbọ ala na Abeokuta 48[2] 

N'oge ọ gara China n'afọ 1956, Ransome-Kuti kwuru okwu ihu ọha banyere ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na ọdịbendị ma zute Mao Zedong.: 56 Ransome-Cuti kwenyere n'ọtụtụ echiche nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "African Socialist"; ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị ele onwe ya anya dị ka onye Kọmunist, ọ "atụghị egwu ma ọ bụ chụpụ ya".: 173 N'ihi na ọ gara China site na enyemaka ego nke Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF), Otú ọ dị, Ransome-Dọ, ndị Kọmunist ya dọtara uche ya na-atụ ndị Kọmunists ya.[3][2][5][3][6] A jụrụ imezigharị paspọtụ ya n'afọ sochirinụ: 151-152 N'afọ 1958, mgbe a kpọrọ Ransome-Kuti ka ọ gaa nzukọ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na United States, a jụrụ ya visa America n'ihi na ndị ọchịchị chere na "ọ nwere ọtụtụ njikọ ndị Kọmunist".[5][7] Ọ bụ ezie na Ransome-Kuti nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị enyi a ma ama ma dee akwụkwọ ozi mkpesa nye ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, ọbụnakwa na-enwe nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ iji kwupụta na ọ bụghị onye Kọmunist, a leghaara mkpesa ya anya. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya na 1960 ka e mezigharịrị paspọtụ Ransome-Kuti: 151-152[5] 

Afọ ndị mbụ nke nnwere onwe Naịjirịa jupụtara na esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'etiti ndị isi na ndị nnọchiteanya. Mgbe nnupụisi ndị agha na 1966 wetara mgbanwe nke ike, Ransome-Kuti chere na nke a bụ nzọụkwụ dị mma ma dị mkpa maka mba ahụ, mana ọ katọrọ ime ihe ike nke sochiri mgbe nnupụchi ahụ gasịrị n'otu afọ ahụ.[3] Ọ na-etinye aka na Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), na-abụ onye isi oche nke alaka Naịjirịa nke nzukọ ahụ kemgbe 1963.[3]

N'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ Anikulapo-Kuti, nwa ya nwoke Fela, onye na-eti egwu na onye na-eme ihe ike, ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka nkatọ olu ya banyere ọchịchị ndị agha Naijiria. E jidere Fela ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ nwa oge na mbido afọ 1970, ndị ọchịchị wakporo ụlọ ya na ihe onwunwe ya ọtụtụ ugboro. Iji gosipụta nlelị ya maka ikike nke Federation of Nigeria, ọ kpọrọ ihe onwunwe ya "Kalakuta Republic": 168 ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ obodo ebe ndị enyi na ndị na-akwado ya nwere ike ịbịakọta ma nọrọ oge n'atụghị egwu ndị isi agha.[2][8] N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1974, ndị uwe ojii Naijiria ji anyụike na gas na-agba mmiri wakpoo ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ abalị ya n'obodo ahụ, na-ahapụ Fela na mmerụ ahụ.[9] N'afọ 1976, Fela wepụtara abọm a na-akpọ Zombie, ebe o jiri ndị agha tụnyere igwe na-enweghị uche, ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na abọm ahụ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ikpeazụ na esemokwu dị n'etiti Fela na gọọmentị.[10][8][10]

N'otu afọ ncheta ọnwụ Anikulapo-Kuti,: 171 Fela weere igbe ozu wee gaa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kilomita 20 gaa Dodan Barracks na Lagos (n'oge ahụ bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha Naịjirịa), na-ahapụ igbe ozu ahụ n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na mgbalị ime ihere gọọmentị.[2][9][10][11] A kọwapụtara mwakpo ahụ, ọnwụ ya, na mmegharị nke igbe ozu ahụ n'abụ ya "Igbe maka Onye isi ala".[12]

Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Cheryl Johnson-Odim na-ekwu na aha Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ka bụ nke a maara nke ọma na Naịjirịa niile nakwa na "ọ dịghị nwanyị Naịjiria ọzọ nke oge ya nke a họpụtara dị ka onye mba dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ nwee [dị] ngosipụta na njikọ mba ụwa".: Onye Naịjirị 144 Hajiya Gambo na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Margaret Ekpo kpọrọ Ransome- Kuti dị ka mmetụta siri ike n'ọrụ ha: 174 na onye edemede Naịjiría-British Amina Mama kwuru na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị aha Ransome-akwute Ransome-Mama ka ọ kpụrụ nkwenkwe na echiche nke onwe ya.[5][2][6] Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana Kwame Nkrumah (nke mechara bụrụ praịm minista mbụ nke Ghana) sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Ransome-Kuti na mbido nhazi nke Ghana Women's Association.[7]

N'afọ 2012, gọọmentị Naijiria tụrụ aro itinye onyinyo Ransome-Kuti na akwụkwọ ego ọhụrụ N5000 . N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ ahụ, nwa nwa Ransome-Kuti, onye na-eti egwu Seun Kuti, gwara ndị mgbasa ozi na ọ hụrụ atụmatụ ahụ "dị egwu ikwu nke nta", n'ihi ọrụ gọọmentị rụrụ n'ọnwụ nne nne ya.[13] Kuti kwuru na ezinụlọ ya enwetụbeghị mgbaghara maka mwakpo ahụ e mere n'ogige ha, na nkwupụta gọọmentị na-ekwupụta na "otu puku ndị agha a na-amaghị ama" wakporo Ransome-Kuti.[13]

E gosipụtara Ransome-Kuti na ihe nkiri 2014 October 1 site n'aka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Deola Sagoe.[14] N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, e ji Google Doodle[15] nke onye Naijiria na Ịtali na-ese ihe nkiri Diana Ejaita mepụtara sọpụrụ Ransome-Kuti.[16]

Hụkwa zie

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  • Ndepụta nke suffragists na suffragettes

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: Nigerian feminist and political leader (en). Encyclopedia Britannica (21 October 2019). Retrieved on 18 December 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Johnson-Odim (1997). For Women and the Nation: Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06613-8. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 (2012) "Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo", Dictionary of African Biography, Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku., Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 176–178. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. OCLC 706025122. 
  4. ↑ Sheldon (2016). "Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo (1900-1978)", Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa (in en). Rowman & Littlefield, 247–248. ISBN 978-1-4422-6293-5. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Johnson-Odim (1992). "On Behalf of Women and the Nation: Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Struggles for Nigerian Independence", in Johnson-Odim: Expanding the boundaries of women's history : essays on women in the Third World. Indiana University Press, 144–157. ISBN 0-253-33097-1. OCLC 24912498. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mayer (2016). "Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti", Naija Marxisms: Revolutionary Thought in Nigeria. Pluto Press, 172–176. DOI:10.2307/j.ctt1ddr6f8. ISBN 978-0-7453-3657-2. Mayer, Adam (2016). "Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti". Naija Marxisms: Revolutionary Thought in Nigeria. Pluto Press. pp. 172–176. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1ddr6f8. ISBN 978-0-7453-3657-2. JSTOR j.ctt1ddr6f8.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Johnson‐Odim (2008). "Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo", in Smith: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History (in en). Oxford University Press, 51. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. Johnson‐Odim, Cheryl (2008). "Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo". In Smith, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Olarewaju (15 July 2018). How Fela Kuti came to be celebrated by those he sang against. Al Jazeera. Retrieved on 29 December 2019.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Brooke. "Army's No Fan, but Singer Has an Army of Fans", The New York Times, 18 November 1988. Retrieved on 29 December 2019. (in en-US)Brooke, James (18 November 1988). "Army's No Fan, but Singer Has an Army of Fans". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hannaford. "He was in a godlike state", The Guardian, 25 July 2007. Retrieved on 29 December 2019. (in en-GB)Hannaford, Alex (25 July 2007). "He was in a godlike state". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  11. ↑ Gabrielle Eva Marie Zezulka-Mailloux (2003). Culture + the State: Nationalisms (Critical Works from the Proceedings of the 2003 Conference at the University of Alberta). CRC Studio. ISBN 978-1-551-9514-92. 
  12. ↑ 21 Years After, Why Is Fela Remembered? (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News (2 August 2018). Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved on 29 March 2019.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Apologise for killing my grandmum before putting her face on naira, Seun Kuti tells FG. Channels Television (31 August 2012). Retrieved on 16 August 2019.
  14. ↑ Mgolu. "Late Funmilayo Ransome Kuti resurrects in new movie…'1 October'", The Vanguard, 13 August 2013. Retrieved on 13 May 2017.
  15. ↑ Jayne Augoye. "Google celebrates Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti's on posthumous birthday", Premium Times, 25 October 2019. Retrieved on 25 October 2019.
  16. ↑ Daniel (25 October 2019). Google celebrates Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti's 119th birthday with a doodle. guardian.ng. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved on 29 December 2019.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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Njikọ mpụga

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  • Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti na Women's Union of Abeokuta. Ihe osise nke Alaba Onajin, edemede na ederede nke Obioma Ofoego, UNESCO, 2014
  • Ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti na ndị isi Naijiria ndị ọzọ na London, England na YouTube
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funmilayo_Ransome-Kuti&oldid=176334