Ikwerre people

Ikwerre
Total population
	Over 1 million[Tinye edensibịa]
Regions with significant populations
	Rivers State, Nigeria
Language(s)
	Ikwerre and Igbo
Religion(s)
	Christianity, Omenuali

A na-ahụ Ikwerre (nke a ma ama dịka Iwhuruọha ^[1] ^[2] ) dịka otu n’ime ndị Igbo dị na River Steeti. ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] A na-ahụta ha dịka akụkụ nke nnukwu agbụrụ Igbo. Ha na- asu Ikwerre, olu igbo, nke a na-ewere mgbe ufodu dika asusu di iche ^[6] n’ezinulo igbo, n’ihi na ha choro ka ahuta Ikwerre dika agbụrụ kwuru onwe ha.

Geography na ọdịbendị omenala

The Ikwerre cultural area is bordered by the Benin of Edo State to the northwest, the Ogba to the northwest, the Ekpeye and Abua to the west, the Ijoid groups of Degema, the Kalabari and Okrika to the south, the Eleme and Oyigbo to the southeast and the Etche to the east.

Ihe mejuputara ebo Ikwerre bu ndi isi otu ano, ndi otu Elele (Ishimbam), ndi Igwuruta-Aluu (Ishiali), ndi Rumuji - Emohua - Ogbakiri (REO) ma obu ndi Risimini, na ndi OPA (Obio / Port Harcourt) / Akpor).

Uyoko REO (Rumuji / Emohua / Ogbakiri), ma ọ bụ (R) Ishimini (nke Ogbakor Ikwerre wepụtara), bi na ndịda mpaghara Emohua ochichi ime obodo . Ha dị n’akụkụ osimiri. Uyọkọ a gụnyere:

Odegu :
- Rumuji
- Rumuodogo
- Ovogo
- Evekwu
- Rumuewhor
Ndele
Rumuekpe
Uvuahu clan:
- Ibaa
- Obelle
Umu Emohua
Umu Ogbakiri

OPA ( Obio - Port Harcourt - Akpor ) bu ụyọkọ ụyọkọ sara mbara nke na-ewere ọnọdụ n’obodo niile dị na Obio / Akpor na Port Harcourt. E kewara ya n’otu ndi Obio na ndi Akpor.

Obio : E kewara Ndi Obio ụzọ atọ: Evo, Apara na Rebisi ( Port Harcourt ). A na-ahuta Obio dika nna ochie nke obodo Evo na Apara; Evo bụ okenye mgbe Apara dị obere.
- Evo : Nkea kewara ato:
  - Oro – Evo: ( Rumuodomanya, Rumurorlu, Oginigba, Rumuobiakani, Rumuobochi, Woji, Rumuibekwe, Rumuogba )
  - Oro - Esara: ( Okporo : { Rumukwurushi, Rumuodara, Iriebe }, Rumuokoro, Oroigwe, Atali )
  - Oropotoma: ( Rumuomasi na Elelenwo )
- Apara : Apara, nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Obio, nwere ụmụ itoolu: Eneka, Nkpoku, Ekinigbo, Okwuta, Adaolu (nwanyị), Epirikom, Ola, Orosi, na Rebisi. nkpuru a tọrọ ntọala obodo ndị Apara bụ Eneka, Rukpokwu, Rumuigbo, Rumuokwuta, Rumuadaolu, Rumuepirikom, Rumuola na Rumuorosi . Rumueme e guzobere Apara n'ókèala, mgbe Ozuruoha, otu n'ime nkpuru Eprikom, kpọrọ ndi ogo ya si Isiokpo na enyemaka ya ibuso a agha megide ya ikwu. E kwuru na Rumueme bụ ebe ndị dike a si Isiokpo biri na-adịgide adịgide. Rumuomoi sonyekwara n’Apara.
- Rebisi : Nke a bụ agbụrụ nke ezinụlọ Apara. Rebisi gbapụrụ Apara n'oge ọgụ ya na ụmụnne ya. Rebisi nwere ụmụ asaa: Ochiri, Adasobia, Olozu, Worukwo, Ezimgbu, Ogbum na Abali. nkpuru ndị ahụ tọrọ ntọala: Orochiri, Oroada, Orolozu, Oroworukwo, Oromerezimgbu na Ogbumnuabali (njikọta nke Orogbum na Oroabali ), n'otu n'otu. Mbugharị nke obodo mere ka e nwee obodo ndị ọzọ site na asaa mbụ, dị ka Elekahia . Ndị ọzọ bụ Nkpogu, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Nkpolu Orogbum, Rumuwoji, Rumukalagbo, Oroije, Rumuibekwe na Orominieke .
Akpor : Akpor di na odida anyanwu nke otu REO, na ndida nke ndi Ishiali na odida anyanwu nke Obio. Ezinaụlọa nwere obodo iri: Ozuoba, Choba ( Isoba ), Ogbogoro, Rumuosi, Rumuolumeni, Rumuokparali, Rumualaogu, Rumuokwachi, Rumuekini na Alakahia .

Ndi Ikwerre di na ezin’ulo ndi edeputara nke oma, ebo ndi obula nwere eze ha kachasi elu . Ikwerre enweghị onye ọchịchị ma ọ bụ eze kachasị elu, mana ahọpụtara ndị eze, ndị ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ndị isi ndị otu ha nabatara. Ka osila dị, ndị ọchịchị niile dị elu n’Ikwerre dị n’otu n’ihe a maara dịka Ogbakor Ikwerre, nke e hibere n’afọ 1963 dị ka nzukọ ncheta mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ndị Ikwerre. ^[6]

Ala Ikwerre na oru ulo oru

Onu ogugu mmanu iri iteghete na abụọ, nke na-emeputa ihe ruru otu narị puku oruru ahihia kwa ubochi, di na Ikwerreland. Ya mere, Ikwerre nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta mmanụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmanụ, na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị ahụ, ndị Ikwerre, dị ka ihe fọrọ nke nta niile ọzọ dum nke Niger Delta, ugboro ugboro mkpesa nke mmegbu site na aka ndị ọrụ mmanụ .

"Obodo Ikwerre chere nsogbu nke mmegbu, oke ịda ogbenye na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ala ya na osimiri Niger delta na nrigbu nke mmanụ na gas. A kpọrọ oku ka ndị Ikwerre sonye na njikwa akụ na ụba na ime mkpebi na mmepe; ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ngwa ngwa; imeziwanye nlekọta ahụike na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ; na ohere ọrụ ndị ntorobịa. " ^[7] ^[8]

Guzosie ike na ala Ikwerre

“Inweta ala Ikwerre bidoro n’afọ 1913 site n’aka ndị ọchịchị ndị Briten mgbe ọ na-enwetara ala ụfọdụ site n’ezinụlọ Rebisi nke Diobu makana gọọmentị colonial n’oge ahụ chọrọ imepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na mpaghara ahụ. Ozugbo e guzobere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ebe ahụ malitere ọrụ na azụmahịa na ebe a na-arụkarị ọrụ.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ka oge nyocha mmanụ na gas na-abawanye na Rivers Steeti , ọ na-etinyekarị nrụgide na ala Ikwerre na akụ ya. Ebe ọ bụ na achọrọ ala maka ebumnuche mmepe n'ime Port- Harcourt na gburugburu ya, ọ bụ ihe okike ịgakwuru ndị Ikwerre bi na Port Harcourt na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu.

Mahadum Port Harcourt, Rivers State University (nke a na-akpọbu Rivers State University of Science and Technology), ogige nke Mahadum Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, yana Rivers State College of Arts and Science (mechara bụrụ Port Harcourt Polytechnic ma mechaa- Elechi Amadi Polytechnic,), The Rivers State College of Health Sciences, College of Education bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị na Ikwerreland.

Mbido

Ndi otutu ndi oka mmuta bu ndi Ikwerre dika ndi nkenke ndi Igbo no na ndida Nigeria . ^[3] ^[4] ^[5]

Ọtụtụ echiche dị iche iche sitere na mmalite ha. ^[9] Otu bụ ndị Igbo nwere mmasị n’ebe ibe ha nọ ma nke ọzọkwa nke ndị Ikwerre nabatara n’onwe ha.

Dịka nkwupụta sitere na ụfọdụ ndị ọkammụta Igbo si kwuo okwu mbido Ikwerre, ha ga-abụ ụmụ sitere na mbugharị Igbo si mpaghara Awka na Orlu gbagoro na ndịda. Ndi okacha amara n’okwu ndi igbo n’emere ndi Ikwerre dika ndi ndida ndida. Amadi, onye ọkammụta na Ikwerre na-ekwu na nchepụta echiche sitere n’Igbo nwere nkwado ọbụla n’etiti ndị Ikwerre n’onwe ha, ebe Ikwerre bụ ụmụ nke mbugharị nke Arochukwu Igbo, na Okpo Nwagidi bụ onye isi agbụrụ Ikwerre. Tupu agha obodo, e nweela olu na-ekwenye ekwenye na-ekwu na Ikwerre nwere ike isi mpaghara Owerri, Ohaji, Ngwa, na Etche kwaga ala Igbo. ^[9] Mana mgbe Naịjirịa meriri obodo Port Harcourt n’agha Biafra ma ndị Igbo si mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ala Igbo gbapụrụ n’obodo a, otu akụkọ UN kwuru na ndị Ikwerre kpebiri na ha ga-ekwu na ndị Ikwerre abụghị ndị Igbo ka ọ dịrị ha mma. ^[10] The Ikwerre bu ndi ghọtara na ọchịchị a dị iche iche na Iwu ala Naịjirịa nke 1979 .

Echiche nke mbido

Ufọdụ ndị Ikwerre si na Ika bụ obere ọgbakọ ndị Igbo kwaga Delta steeti na Edo steeti ebe ụfọdụ si Ngwa, Arochukwu na Ohaji / Egbema kwaga.

Ozizi Benin

Na nso nso a, a nabatara ozizi echiche banyere Benin maka mmalite nke ndị Ikwerre.

Ozizi Benin nwere ọtụtụ ụdị. Nke mbụ na-atụ aro na Ikwerre bụ nwa nke atọ nke Akalaka, nna Ogba na Ekpeye bụ ndị si n'otu mpaghara dị na steeti Benin pụta na narị afọ nke 15. A na-ekwu na Iwhuruohna, onye bụ nna nna nke Ikwerre, nwere ụmụ nwoke asaa ghọrọ Ikwerre asa. ^[11]

Versiondị ọzọ na-ekwu na Akalaka kwagara na Ochichi bụ onye biri na Elele ma bụrụ nna nke Elele, Isiokpo, Egbeda na Omerelu.

Ozizi Benin jụrụ ọtụtụ ndị Ikwerre bụ ndị chere na Ikwerre esighi na Benin pụọ ma ọ bụ si na otu onye mụrụ. Ndi Ikwerre kariri ndi otu Ogba na Ekpeye. Akụkọ akụkọ Akalaka kpọtụrụ ndị Ogba na Ekpeye anya na ọ bụ sọọsọ ụmụ Akalaka ma itinye Ikwerre enwetala ala dị ka ọ dị ugbu a. Ndi Ikwerre esoghi ndi Benin ede asusu ma obu omenaala obula.

Enwere ike ịchọta akụkọ sitere na Benin nke Ikwerre na agha na mwakpo nke alaeze Aboh na ala Ogba, site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ Benin nke butere mbugharị nke ndị Ogba na ndị Ekpeye banye n'ala Ikwerre nke taa. Ndị a zutere obodo ndị dị ebe ahụ. Rumuekpe, Ibaa, Ndele na ndị ezinụlọ Odegu bụ obodo ndị nwere ike ibido site na mbugharị a. Ekwuru na otu akụkụ nke ezinụlọ sitere na mpaghara Aboh (Ukwuani) nke Delta steeti ^[12] nke dị n'okpuru ọchịchị Benin na narị afọ nke 16.

Ndi Aro buru uzo banye na mpaghara Ikwerre site na Ozuzu - Etche, biri na Isiokpo, Igwuruta, Omagwa, wdg. Dika aturu anya na ochichi nile nke ndi Africa, akuko banyere ndi mmadu na akuko ifo. Nke a na-egosi na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ike ịmalite ọdịnala a na-edeghị ede maka nwughari ziri ezi / nkwenye nke akụkọ ntolite nke ndị mmadụ. Site na oge ọchịchị post-colonial ruo ugbu a, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọkachamara na ndị mmadụ ndị ọzọ anwaala ịmegharị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ Elechi Amadi, ọkachasị ndị nwanyị, Nnukwu Ọdọ mmiri, The Slave (akwụkwọ akụkọ) na Isiburu (amaokwu egwuregwu) bụ akwụkwọ edemede iji wughachi ọdịdị nke obodo Ikwerre n'oge ọchịchị.

Na enweghị ezigbo ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-anakwere ọdịnala a na-ede ede dị ka isi mmalite ederede akụkọ Africa, ntụpọ ndị metụtara usoro a n'agbanyeghị. A na-enyocha akụkọ banyere mmalite nke ndị mmadụ na ebili mmiri nke mbugharị site na mpaghara Niger na Delta.

Mpaghara

A na-ahụ ndị Ikwerre na mpaghara Niger Delta nke Nigeria. Ha nọ n'ime eriri mmiri ozuzo nke na-enweta mmiri ozuzo dị elu kwa afọ. Akụkụ ụfọdụ na-enweta mmiri mmiri dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Rivers. E nwekwara oke ọhịa raffia. Ihe ndị a, tinyere anwụ na-acha, mere ka ala dị na Ikwerre zuru oke maka ịkọ nkwu, akpu, ji, akwụkwọ nri, wdg

Ndi Ikwerre bi na akuku mmiri bu ndi na akuta azu dika aka oru ha na azumahia.

Ndi mmadu ama ama

Elechi Amadi, onye edemede ^{[ see okwu dị mkpa ]}
Rotimi Amaechi, onye chiburu Rivers steeti
Mercy Chinwo, gospel musician
Tonto Dikeh, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-egwu egwu
Duncan Mighty, onye egwu
Celestine Omehia |, Onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Rivers State
Emmanuel Onunwor, onye bụbu onye isi ọchịchị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ East Cleveland, Ohio, USA ^{[ see okwu dị mkpa ]}
Austin Opara, mbụ Deputy Ọkà Okwu nke Naijiria House of Representatives
Obi Wali, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike obere ^{[ see okwu dị mkpa ]}
Herbert Wigwe, onye isi oche, Access Bank PLC
Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, onye na-achị Rivers Steeti ugbu a
Chukwuemeka Woke, onye isi ndị ọrụ na gọọmentị Rivers steeti

Rebisi
Mụ amaala nke Rivers steeti

Ihe edeturu

↑ Amadi (20 June 2018). History of Ikwerre people in Nigeria. Edo World.
↑ CHIMENUM (11 July 2018). History of Iwhnurọhna (The Ikwerre People). Ikwerre TV. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved on 30 March 2021.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Chigere (2001). Foreign Missionary Background and Indigenous Evangelization in Igboland. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. ISBN 3-8258-4964-3. Retrieved on 2008-11-24.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Udeani (2007). Inculturation as Dialogue: Igbo Culture and the Message of Christ. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2229-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Yakan (1999). Almanac of African peoples & nations. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-433-9.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1998). "The Ikwerre ethnic group: location of residence, language, political or cultural organizations, militant activities, arrests in 1996 and 1997, and relations with the Nigerian government and military". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Nigeria.
↑ Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1998). The Ikwerre ethnic group: location of residence, language, political or cultural organizations, militant activities, arrests in 1996 and 1997, and relations with the Nigerian government and military. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Nigeria.
↑ Report of the Working Group on Minorities on its tenth session (Geneva, 1-5 March 2004).
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Kelechukwu U. Ihemere (2007). A Tri-Generational Study of Language Choice & Shift in Port Harcourt. Universal-Publishers, 26–35. ISBN 9781581129588.
↑ Okwudiba Nnoli (1995). Ethnicity and development in Nigeria. Research in ethnic relations series. Avebury Series in Philosophy. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. ISBN 9781859721155. “The Igbo indigenous who remained found it advantageous to deny their Igbo origin and claimed, instead, a non-Igbo Ikwerre identity”
↑ Ogunkah, Njikah (2016). "The Iwhnuruọhna (Ikwerre) Dynasty: Sifting Fiction from Facts". International Journal of Law, Psychology and Human Life (IJLPHL). 1: 1–7. ISSN 2319-8494.
↑ Ikunga, Solomon (2018). "The Interrogating Role of Iwhuruohna in Rivers State during the Nigerian Civil War 1967 - 1970: A Historical Imperative" (PDF). ARCN International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.

[:0-1] Amadi (20 June 2018). History of Ikwerre people in Nigeria. Edo World.

[:1-2] CHIMENUM (11 July 2018). History of Iwhnurọhna (The Ikwerre People). Ikwerre TV. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved on 30 March 2021.

[hyginus-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Chigere (2001). Foreign Missionary Background and Indigenous Evangelization in Igboland. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. ISBN 3-8258-4964-3. Retrieved on 2008-11-24.

[udeani-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Udeani (2007). Inculturation as Dialogue: Igbo Culture and the Message of Christ. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2229-4.

[yakan-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Yakan (1999). Almanac of African peoples & nations. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-433-9.

[Research_Directorate_1998-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1998). "The Ikwerre ethnic group: location of residence, language, political or cultural organizations, militant activities, arrests in 1996 and 1997, and relations with the Nigerian government and military". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Nigeria.

[7] Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1998). The Ikwerre ethnic group: location of residence, language, political or cultural organizations, militant activities, arrests in 1996 and 1997, and relations with the Nigerian government and military. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Nigeria.

[8] Report of the Working Group on Minorities on its tenth session (Geneva, 1-5 March 2004).

[ihemere-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Kelechukwu U. Ihemere (2007). A Tri-Generational Study of Language Choice & Shift in Port Harcourt. Universal-Publishers, 26–35. ISBN 9781581129588.

[10] Okwudiba Nnoli (1995). Ethnicity and development in Nigeria. Research in ethnic relations series. Avebury Series in Philosophy. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. ISBN 9781859721155. “The Igbo indigenous who remained found it advantageous to deny their Igbo origin and claimed, instead, a non-Igbo Ikwerre identity”

[11] Ogunkah, Njikah (2016). "The Iwhnuruọhna (Ikwerre) Dynasty: Sifting Fiction from Facts". International Journal of Law, Psychology and Human Life (IJLPHL). 1: 1–7. ISSN 2319-8494.

[12] Ikunga, Solomon (2018). "The Interrogating Role of Iwhuruohna in Rivers State during the Nigerian Civil War 1967 - 1970: A Historical Imperative" (PDF). ARCN International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.

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