Egwú Yoruba

Egwú Yoruba bụ usoro / ụdị egwu nke Ndị Yoruba nke Naịjirịa, Togo, na Benin na-eme. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọdịnala na usoro ọkaibe nke Ịkụ ọkpọ, ọkachasị iji gongon ụdị ịpị ụbọ akwara. Egwú ọdịnala Yoruba ghọrọ ma eleghị anya ụdị egwu kachasị ewu ewu nke West Africa na ụdị egwu Afro-Latin na Caribbean; ọ hapụrụ mmetụta dị mkpa karịsịa na egwu eji eme ihe na Santería na egwu nke Cuba.

Ndị Yoruba bi na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria bụkwa otu n'ime otu ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na mpaghara Afrịka.  Otu isi ihe na-eme ka ha dị iche na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na Naijiria bụ ihe ha rụpụtara n'ọrụ nka na ntụrụndụ, ọkachasị n'egwu.  Egwu Jùjú, fùjì, àpàlà na egwu sákàrà so n'ụdị egwu a ma ama malitere n'etiti ndị Yoruba.  Otu na mgbe ụdị egwu ndị a siri pụta n'ọgba egwu Naịjirịa ka bụụrụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mgbagwoju anya.  Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwenyekarị na ụdị egwú ndị a sitere n'egwú ndị a ma ama n'etiti ndị Yoruba n'oge ọchịchị ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ụdị egwu a ma ama na mba ahụ mgbe nnwere onwe na 1960. Akwụkwọ a na-akọwa mmalite na mkpa ọ dị.  Egwu ọdịnala ndị Yoruba dị na Naịjirịa nakwa ọrụ ọ na-arụ n'ịkwalite ụkpụrụ omenala na ihe nketa ndị Yoruba n'ụlọ na n'èzí.  A na-arụ ụka na egwu bụ ụzọ dị mkpa sitere na ya si na-akwado ụkpụrụ ndị Yoruba n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ihu ọchịchị alaeze ukwu na-eme ihe ike nke na-abanye na mpaghara Africa ngwa ngwa. Maka mkparịta ụka zuru oke banyere egwu Yoruba, lee akwụkwọ Bode Omojola, Yoruba Music in the Twentieth Century (University of Rochester Press, 2012).

Omele ako, batá na ndụ abụọ. Ndị na-akụ ọkpọ Yoruba na Steeti Kwara.

Egwú ọdịnala

Ndị otu na-eji dundun na-akpọ ụdị egwu a na-akpọkwa dundun. Ìgwè ndị a nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke ịgbà na ịgbà pụrụ iche (ogido). Gamma bụ ihe ọzọ dị otú ahụ. Onye ndú nke otu dundun bụ oniyalu nke na-eji drum "ikwu okwu" site n'iṅomi ụda nke Yoruba. Ọtụtụ n'ime egwu Yoruba bụ nke ime mmụọ n'okike, a na-enyekarị ụdị a na Orisas.   

Ọdịdị nke ụda

Igwe agogô.

Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ma ọ bụ ihe nduzi na ọdịnala Yoruba bụ ihe asaa a maara na ethnomusicology dị ka ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ. A na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ na usoro atọ (12/8 ma ọ bụ 6/8) na usoro abụọ (4/4 ma ọ bụ 2/2). A na-ada ụda ọkọlọtọ ahụ na mgbịrịgba ígwè.

Ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ na ụdị abụọ (4/4) na atọ (12/8). Gwuo duplei, Gwuo triplei, na Gwuo bothi maka ntụnyere.

Mkpịsị aka nke ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ kwekọrọ na: 1, 1a, 2& 2a, 3&, 4, 4a.

12/8:

1 & a 2 & a 3 & a 4 & aX . X . X X . X . X . N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya

1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & aX. . X . . X X . . X . X . . N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya

Ọtụtụ egwu egwu Yoruba na-adabere na cross rhythm. Ihe atụ na-esonụ na-egosi ụdị ụda ise nke ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ (nke a maara dị ka clave na egwu Afro-Latin) na kagano dundun drum (akara dị n'elu). Dunduns dị na ahịrị nke abụọ na nke atọ na-ada ụda ịchọ mma nke atọ-n'elu-anọ (3:4) cross-rhythm - gosipụtara dị ka ụzọ atọ nke strokes megide ụzọ anọ nke strokes.

Ndị Yoruba bi n'otu

Egwú a ma ama

A na-ewere egwu Yorùbá dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na mpaghara egwu ama ama na Naijiria nke oge a.  Ọ bụ ezie na egwu ọdịnala ndị Yoruba emetụtaghị egwu ndị mba ọzọ, a pụghị ikwukwa otu ihe ahụ maka egwu Yoruba nke oge a bụ nke malitere wee megharịa onwe ya site na njikọta na ngwa, nkà na ihe okike nke mba ọzọ.   Ntụgharị asụsụ gụnyere ịsụgharị asụsụ Afrịka, ebe a, Yoruba, okwu egwu site na iji ngwakọta nke ngwa sitere na mbara igwe dị iche iche.

Yoruba music traditionally centred on folklore and spiritual/deity worship, utilising basic and natural instruments such as clapping of the hands. Playing music for a living was not something the Yorubas did and singers were referred to in a derogatory term of Alagbe, it is this derogation of musicians that made it not appeal to modern Yoruba at the time. Although, it is true that music genres like the highlife played by musicians like Rex Lawson, Ebenezer Obey Segun Bucknor, Bobby Benson, etc., Fela Kuti's Afrobeat and King Sunny Adé's jùjú are all Yoruba adaptations of foreign music. These musical genres have their roots in large metropolitan cities like Lagos, Ibadan, and Port Harcourt where people and culture mix influenced by their rich culture.

Ụfọdụ ndị egwu Jùjú na-asụ ụzọ gụnyere Tunde King, Tunde Nightingale, Why Worry in Ondo na Ayinde Bakare, Dr.  Orlando Owoh, Dele Ojo, Ik Dairo Moses Olaiya (Baba Sala).  sakara nke ndị ọsụ ụzọ dịka Ojo Olawale n'Ibadan na-agba, Abibu Oluwa, Yusuf Olatunji, Sanusi Aka, Saka Layigbade.

Apala, bụ ụdị egwu ọzọ nke Yoruba nke oge a nke ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ike dị ka Haruna Ishola, Sefiu Ayan, Ligali Mukaiba, Kasumu Adio, Yekini (Y.K.) Ajadi, wdg.

Fuji, nke pụtara na ngwụcha afọ 60 / mmalite afọ 70, dị ka alaka nke ụdị egwu ndị bụ / ajisari, nke ụfọdụ ndị na-agụ egwú / ndị na-egwu egwu Ibadan mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ma ama dị ka Sikiru Ayinde Barrister, Alhaji Dauda Epo-Akara na Ganiyu Kuti ma ọ bụ "Gani Irefin".

Ụdị ọzọ a ma ama bụ Egwú waka nke Alhaja Batile Alake na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Salawa Abeni, Kuburat Alaragbo, Asanat Omo-Aje, Mujidat Ogunfalu, Misitura Akawe, Fatimo Akingbade, Karimot Aduke, na Risikat Abeawo. Na Ibadan (obodo kachasị ukwuu na Naijiria), na Lagos (obodo kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na Naijeria), a chịkọtara ọdịnala ọdịbendị dị iche iche ndị a wee ghọọ mgbọrọgwụ nke egwu egwu Naijiria.

Ngwá egwú

• Agbe: ihe na-eme ka ihe na-ama jijijionye na-ama jijiji
• Ashiko: drum dị ka cone
• Batá drum: a mara mma omenala drum nke ọtụtụ ụda, na njikọ siri ike na chi Shango, ọ na-emepụta ụda dị elu.
• Goje: ụdị violin dị ka kora Sahelian
• Sekere: a melodic shaker; beads ma ọ bụ cowrie shells mara mma na-agba gburugburu a gourd, na-ama jijiji, na-eti aka mgbe ụfọdụ ma tụba ya n'ikuku iji mepụta ọnọdụ oriri.
• gudugudu: obere, abụ
• Sakara drum: akpụkpọ ewu e ji ụrọ kpụọ
• Agogô: ngwá egwú dị elu dị ka "ihe mkpuchi" 3-dimensional "tuning fork"
• Saworo: dị ka agogo, mana ụda ya dị ala
• aro: dị ka saworo, ụda dị ala
• Seli: ngwakọta nke aro, saworo na ịkụ aka 
• Agidigbo, ngwá egwu piano nke mkpịsị aka ukwu na-agba gburugburu olu ma kwụsie ike site n'obi onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ.
• Dundun, nke nwere iya ilu ma ọ bụ gbedu, isi ma ọ bụ "nne" drum na omele, obere drum, na-akpọ dị ka ihe na-esote bat drum iji mepụta ntọala maka ụda ha dị nkọ.
• Bembé, bass drum, kettle drum. (lee kwa Ndepụta nke Caribbean membranophones)
• Gangan: a na-ekwu okwu drum, nwere ihu abụọ na ojiji na prosody ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ okwu
• Omele Ako Bata: nke a maara dị ka omele meta ma bụrụ obere ịgbà n'ezinụlọ bata

Ahmad Audi Adamu

• Ndepụta nke ndị egwu Naijiria
• Owambe