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Awka-Etiti

Obodo dị na Anambra Steeti, Naijiria

 

Awka-Etiti, nke a maara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Awka-Diedo (Igbo: ); ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-achị ala ahụ mechara kpọọ ya Awka-Nkakwu (Okankaku), bụ obodo bara ọgaranya nke nwere obodo asaa na Idemili South nke Anambra steeti, Naịjirịa.[1] Obodo asaa nke Awka-Etiti n'usoro afọ ndị e guzobere bụ: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba na Ogunzele.

Ndị obodo Awka-Etiti bụ ndị agbụrụ Igbo ma obodo ahụ dị n'ime mpaghara ọdịbendị Igbo 24 kilomita site na osimiri Niger, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Onitsha, 16 kilomita site na Nri na 2 kilomita site na Igbo-Ukwu.[2] Awka-Etiti na obodo nta / obodo Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi na Amichi nwere ókèala. Asụsụ a na-asụ na Awka-Etiti bụ Idemili nke asụsụ Igbo.

N'afọ 2005, e mere atụmatụ na ndị bi na Awka-Etiti dị mmadụ 35,000.[3] E nwekwara nnukwu ndị Awka-Etiti diaspora nke na-enye aka na akụ na ụba obodo.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Akụkọ tupu oge ọchịchị

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Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Awka-Etiti tupu 1900 edere ya n'akwụkwọ kama ọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo. Dabere na nchọpụta na nchọpụta ihe ochie nke ebe ndị e dere na puku afọ mbụ AD na Igbo-Ukwu naanị kilomita 2 site na Awka-Etiti, o doro anya na ndị Igbo ebiela n'ógbè ahụ tupu narị afọ nke itoolu.[4] E nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma (lee Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu) yana azụmahịa oge ochie na nke sara mbara, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị dị n'etiti mpaghara ahụ na Ijipt oge ochie dị ka nnukwu iko na beads cornelian e gwupụtara na saịtị ahụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha rụrụ na Old Cairo na ụlọ ọrụ Fustat.[5]

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo, e nwere ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke mmalite Awka-Etiti, nke jikọtara obodo ahụ na usoro ọmụmụ na obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'ógbè ahụ.[2][6] A kpọtụrụ Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi na Nnewi aha dị ka ndị nna nna Awka-Etiti.

Ekwuru na ntọala Awka-Etiti n'ụdị akụkọ ọ bụla nke ọnụnụ bụ Diedo.Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ ọ bụ nwa Ezenne. Ezenne ọ dị ka ọ bụ nwanne Uke na Ojoto.Ezenne nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ na otu nwaanyị.Ụmụ ndị ikom bụ Okwuike na Diedo, ebe ada bụ Edo.Ada Edo lụrụ Ezemewi bụ onye akụkọ akụkọ kwuru na ntọala Nnewi.Okwuike bụ nna Nnobi.Diedo nwere otu nwa nwoke aha ya bu Okagbado.

Mgbe Ezenne nwụrụ, esemokwu banyere ịkekọrịta akụ nna ahụ nwụrụ anwụ bilitere n'etiti Okwuike na Diedo, nke mere ka Diedo na nwa ya nwoke Okagbado hapụ ụlọ nna nna ha n'akụkụ osimiri Obiaja ka ha biri n'ebe a na-akpọ Ogwuwgu Diedo n'obodo Iruowelle Awka-Etiti nke oge a. Okagbado lụrụ ụmụ nwanyị atọ, ndị mụrụ ya ụmụ nwoke itoolu. Nwunye mbụ mụrụ Ezioka na Umoh. Nwunye nke abụọ nwere Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle na Ogunzele, ebe nwunye nke atọ nwere Ocha, Dunuezue na Nnaba. Ndị a mejupụtara obodo itoolu mbụ nke Awka-Etiti. Umoh na Ezioka tinyere onwe ha n'agha ọbara ọbara, maka ihe ndị na-edochaghị anya. Ndị otu abụọ ahụ jiri ndị na-achụ nta isi si Ohafia na Abam mee ihe. Obi ọjọọ nke esemokwu ahụ mere ka obodo abụọ ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ha kpochapụ. Obodo Nkolofia mechara mịkọrọ ihe ndị fọdụrụ na Ezioka, ebe ndị lanarịrị na Umoh meriri obodo Ejighinandu, na-ahapụ Awka-Etiti na obodo asaa ruo taa.

N'oge dị n'etiti ca. 1760 na 1900, mmepe nke Awka-Diedo gosipụtara site na usoro agha na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu n'ihi omume mgbasawanye. Karịsịa Nnewi tinyere Awka-Diedo n'usoro agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke gafere ọtụtụ narị afọ maka nsogbu ókèala. Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo na Ichida nọkwa n'agha na Awka-Diedo n'oge dị iche iche n'oge a. Nkwado na obi ike nke ndị agha Awka-Etiti gosipụtara n'ọgbọ agha yana usoro aghụghọ ha dị ka ịnya ụgbọ ala n'azụ ndị iro na ọnyà, wụnye nkwanye ùgwù n'ime ndị iro ha ma mee ka ha nweta aha Awka-Nkakwu (nkakwu bụ asụsụ Igbo maka skunk). Ndị agbata obi ya mechara jiri aha njirimara a nke ndị agha Awka-Etiti nwetara n'agha na-ezo aka n'obodo ahụ dum. Dị ka E.R. Dallah na E.C. Nzewi si kọwaa:Templeeti:LGAs and communities of Anambra StateỌ bụ n'oge a ka Oka-Diedo nwetara aha ya bụ Ọka-Nkakwu, n'ihi ọtụtụ ụzọ ha si alụ ọgụ megide ndị iro.Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-arụ olulu miri emi n'ebe dị mkpa, na-enwekwa osisi achara tụrụ atụ n'ime ha.E ji ahịhịa kpuchie olulu ndị ahụ na-enyere aka izochi ịdị adị ha.A na-edinakarị ndị agha iro gaa n'olulu ndị a zoro ezo, osisi achara na-esi n'ime ha mapuo, afọ ha na-apụtakwa .N'oge ndị ọzọ, ha na-egwupụta oghere n'azụ ndị iro wee na-eju ndị iro ahụ anya n'azụ ma na-atụgharị ha nke ọma.Ụdị obi ike dị otú ahụ na-agbanarị na ụjọ nke ndị dike Nnewi mere ka ha nweta Oka-Nkakwu.Ọ bụghị ihe mkparị nye nna nna anyị hà, ebe ọ bụ na ha ji otuto ndị iro ahụ kpọrọ ihe.N'oge na-adịghị anya aha e mere ịkwa emo Oka-Diedo ghọrọ aha ọhụrụ ha ma mee ka ebili mmiri gbadaa n'ọkpụkpụ nke ndị iro ha.

A na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na Nnewi mefuru nnukwu ego iji nweta ọrụ nke ndị agha na-achụ nta nke Abam na Ohafia iji hụ na e kpochapụrụ Awka-Nkakwu, ha enweghị ike inweta mmeri siri ike. Nke a ga-ekwe omume n'ihi njikọ agha dị ike nke dị n'etiti ndị agha Awka-Etiti na Oraukwu, ndị na-enyere ibe ha aka n'oge agha.[7]

Oge ọchịchị ndị ọzọ

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Ihe oyiyi nke onye agha Awka-Etiti

Ọnọdụ a gara n'ihu ruo mgbe ndị Britain rutere n'etiti 1883 na 1906. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, ndị na-achị ala ahụ amatala Awka-Etiti dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ọganihu nke mmetụta ndị Britain na ime obodo. A na-ewere Awka-Etiti dị ka onye na-eguzogide iwu ndị Britain ma jụ ịgbaso arịrịọ maka inyefe égbè ha. A na-egosi na ndị guzobere Awka-Etiti weere ya dị ka onye iro site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ ezie na e wuru ụlọ ụka Church Mission Society (C.M.S) mbụ na Nnewi na 1892, ọ bụghị ruo 1904 ka onye ọcha mbụ n'ụdị onye ozi ala ọzọ C.M.[8] A nabatara Mary Bennett n'udo n'ala Awka-Etiti.[9] N'ezie, ọ bụghị ruo na Fifth nke Febụwarị 1905 ka onye nnọchi anya mbụ nke gọọmentị Eze Ukwu n'oge ahụ bụ Lt.Col. (mgbe e mesịrị Lieutenant Governor of southern Nigeria) H.C. Moorhouse natara n'udo site na Warrant Chief Ezenwosu na Awka-Etiti.[10] N'ebe a ya mere, o were ndị Britain afọ iri na abụọ iji gbasaa mmetụta ha n'ihe na-erughị kilomita abụọ. N'ihi ya, ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ chere Awka-Etiti dị ka ogwu n'anụ ahụ.

Tupu nke a, na 1900 Awka-Etiti zutere onye ha na ndị agha Britain. N'afọ a, ndị Britain haziri nzukọ udo n'etiti Awka-Etiti na Nnewi, iji dozie esemokwu ókèala. Onye ntụgharị na nzukọ a dị mkpa, Maazị Nwokedi, bụ nwa amaala Nnewi. Nke a dugara n'ọnọdụ ebe Awka-Etiti bịara kwere na e meela nkwekọrịta udo, ebe a gwara ndị ogbugbo Britain nọ na nzukọ ahụ na Awka- Etiti ajụla nkwekọrịta obi iru ala.[11] Ndị nnọchi anya Awka-Etiti na-amaghị ihe ha mere laghachiri n'ụlọ iji gbasaa ozi ọma na onye ọcha ahụ wetara udo n'etiti Awka- Etiti na Nnewi. N'ihi ya, e kwụsịrị ndị agha Awka-Etiti ma wepụ ha. N'ihi ya, nnukwu ihe mgbagwoju anya mgbe ndị British Southern Nigeria Regiment, nke ndị nledo Nnewi du, malitere nnukwu mwakpo mberede tupu chi abọọ na Awka-Etiti. Mwakpo ngwa ngwa nke ndị agha Awka-Etiti haziri megide ndị agha Britain ji ngwá agha dị elu ma gwupụta na ya kwụsịrị na fiasco. Onye na-eduga na mmeghachi omume megide ọnọdụ ndị Britain bụ Ochiagha (onye isi agha). Nwoke a, onye General nwere ahụmahụ na onye agha nke ọtụtụ agha, ndị enyi na ndị iro kwuru na ọ bụ ihe akaebe zuru oke maka mgbọ na ụta, ihe ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ọtụtụ oge gara aga. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe akaebe mgbọ ka ọ bụ anwansi dị ike (juju) nke o nwetara n'aka ezinụlọ nne ya, ndị bụ ndị dọkịta siri ike na Ichida. Ya mere, ọ bụ ahụmahụ a na-agaghị echefu echefu mgbe ndị agha Britain malitere ịgba ndị agha Awka-Etiti égbè n'ebe dị anya na égbè kachasị elu na artillery dị arọ. Mgbọ gbagburu ogwe aka Ochiagha n'ikpere ya na ọbara na-agbapụta, nke mere ka ọ daa. Mgbe ha hụrụ nke a, ndị Awka-Etiti nwere nkụda mmụọ ma tụfuo olileanya mmeri. Ndị agha ahụ meriri, Ochiagha na ndị agha ya kachasị ike tụfuru ndụ ha n'aka ndị Britain na mwakpo igbu onwe ikpeazụ na ọnọdụ ndị iro. Ndị ndú na ndị agha a ma ama gbagara mba ọzọ na ndị ikwu ha na Igbo-Ukwu na n'ebe dị anya dị ka Neni.[9] A manyere ndị ọzọ nke Awka-Etiti ịhapụ égbè ha n'aka ndị Britain na ahịa ahịa Eke ebe e bibiri ha. Ihe omume a kwụsịrị oge agha n'etiti Awka-Etiti na ndị agbata obi ya.

Oge Ndị Kraịst

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Chọọchị Anglican nke St. Mary Awka-Etiti
 
St. Joseph Catholic Church Awka-Etiti

N'afọ 1904, ndị ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ mbụ, nke Mrs. Mary Bennett pụtara na Awka-Etiti. E wuru ụlọ ụka C.M.S mbụ n'obodo Iruowelle. N'afọ 1913, e webatara ozi Roman Katọlik n'obodo ahụ, nke wuru ụlọ ụka na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Chọọchị abụọ a mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Awka-Etiti gbanwee gaa n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst. N'afọ 1944, e guzobere Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (A.I.U), nke bụ òtù na-achị Awka- Etiti, na-eweghara ihe ndu site na nzukọ Council of Elders (Okwu Azu-Oji). A gbanwere aha obodo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Awka-Etiti site na A.I.U na 1946. N'afọ 1957, Awka-Etiti Improvement Union kpebiri ịhọrọ Obi (Eze) mbụ nke Awka- Etiti. Ọchịchọ a inwe eze dabeere na okike nke ụlọ ndị isi nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ site na Gọọmentị Ógbè Ọwụwa anyanwụ nke na-achị n'oge ahụ na 1956 na ebumnuche Awka-Etiti iji nweta oche na ndị omeiwu a. Awka-Etiti site n'oge ochie enweghị eze, ọ bụ ezie na ndị isi abụọ bụ ndị Britain họpụtara mgbe afọ 1900 gasịrị. Onye mbụ bụ Chief Ezenwosu mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ndị Britain họpụtara Chief Oyiatuigbo ka ọ bụrụ onye isi warrant na 1915 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1954. E mere ntuli aka maka oche Igwe na 29 Julaị 1957 na H. R. H IGWE Dr. Silas O.C. Ezenwa pụtara dị ka Obi mbụ nke Awka-Etiti. Obi nke abụọ bụ H.R.H. Chief Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 nke Awka-Etiti).[12] Obi nke ugbu a bụ H.R.H. Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado).[13]

Omenala

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Ihe osise Igbo: ọnụ ụzọ osisi a tụrụ atụ nke ọdịnala a hụrụ na Awka-Etiti

Omenala Awka-Etiti na-elekwasị anya na Omenala ma bụrụkwa ihe atụ nke omenala Igbo, na-etinye aka na nka Igbo na egwu Igbo. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mmemme ọdịnala na ememme oge ochie, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ejikọta ya na chi na ememe ndị ọgọ mmụọ oge ochie, akwụsịla ime ya kemgbe mmalite nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst (dị ka ememe Ilo Muo na Igba Ota), enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala ndị nọgidere ruo taa.

Ememme

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Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti
 
Odogwu Awka-Etiti Masquerade

E meela ka ụfọdụ ememme ọdịnala oge ochie bụrụ ndị Kraịst ma jikọta ya na ememe ndị Kraịst dị ugbu a. Afia Nkwu na (ụbọchị asatọ ka e mesịrị) ememme Kamanu na ngwụcha Disemba na mmalite Jenụwarị dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke gosipụtara njedebe nke kalenda Igbo ochie ejirila ememme Krismas na Afọ Ọhụrụ nke oge a dochie anya ya. Ememme ọdịnala ụfọdụ a na-eme n'obodo ahụ emeela ka ha kwekọọ na mkpa na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a dịka Iwa Ji (ememme Yam ọhụrụ) n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ.[12] Afia Olu na Ofala bụ ezumike ọdịnala ndị ọzọ a ka na-eme na Awka-Etiti.

Ememme Odunke

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Templeeti:Igbo topicsEmume Odunke a ma ama nke jere ozi dị ka ihe mkpali na onye na-enye aha maka otu ndị na-ese ihe Biafra, gụnyere Chinua Achebe na Christopher Okigbo (Odunke obodo nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri), kwesịrị ka a kpọtụrụ ya aha pụrụ iche n'ihi na o yiri ka ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na Awka-Etiti.[14] Ọ bụ otu n'ime emume ndị na-enweghị ihe ndabere okpukpe. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme emume na nnukwu emume, oriri, yana ngosipụta nke akụ na ụba, ọgaranya na ọnọdụ ọha na eze na-etinye nka niile nke obodo na mmekọrịta dị n'otu.[15] E mere Odunke ikpeazụ n'afọ 1955.

Nze na Ozo

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Mgbasawanye omenala Igbo Ichi

Dị ka ọ dị na Igboland, ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị isi ọdịnala, Nze na Ozo gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Awka-Etiti. E nwere ọkwa abụọ nke aha ọdịnala na Awka-Etiti. Ọkwa nke mbụ bụ aha Ozo nke nwere ìgwè utu aha ndị a; Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi na Ozala. N'ime ndị a, Ezissi bụ onye kachasị okenye, na ọrụ nke ime ka chi na chi dị iche iche dị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme daa na onye kachasị elu Ezissi na Community.[16]

Ọkwa nke abụọ nke utu aha bụ Nnukwu-Ozo (High-Ozo). Utu aha Nnukwu-Ozo na Awka-Etiti na-adaba n'ụdị ndị a: Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah na Umeh[17] ma nwee ike inye ya naanị na ndị a malitere na klas mbụ nke utu aha Ozo na ndị a hụrụ na ha gosipụtara agbụrụ ha n'agha ma ọ bụ site na mbọ ndị ọzọ a ma ama.

Mmalite n'ime utu aha Nnukwu-Ozo ndị a dị oke ọnụ ma ka dị oke ọnụ. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, emume mmalite n'ime ihe nzuzo nke Nnukwu-Ozo gụnyere ihe mgbu na-egbu mgbu nke Ichi, nke a na-eji amata ndị ikom a n'ihu ọha. A kwụsịrị ịkpụcha Ichi dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ n'oge a maka ebumnuche mara mma. Onye ikpeazụ bu akara Ichi, Chief Ezenwosu nwụrụ na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ.

 
Agwọ Eke

Akụkụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche nke regalia nke na-akọwa onye nwe aha Ozo na onye nwe aha Nnukwu-Ozo na Awka-Etiti bụ okpu uhie (nke nwere ábụ́bà ugo maka Nnukwu-ozo), whisk ọdụ ịnyịnya, onye na-agba gburugburu anụ ehi na ezé enyí.

Akara

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Igbu ma ọ bụ iri agwọ Eke (Python regius), na Nkịta (Canis lupus familiaris), bụ anathema na Awka-Etiti, ndị a bụ ndị ndị ndị oge ochie weere dị ka anụmanụ dị nsọ jikọtara ya na chi ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ.[18]

Mmụta

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Awka-Etiti nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'ime obodo asaa ahụ, gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ praemmarị nke Nkolofia, ụlọ akwụkwọ praammarị na nke sekọndrị nke Father Pauls Memorial, ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke Union, ụlọ akwụkwọ primari nke Umunocha, ụlọ akwụkwọ Central, Glory Group of Schools gụnyere Glory Education Centre (nọọsụ na nke praịmarịa) guzobere na 1989 na Glory Royal Academy (nke abụọ) guzobere. Ndị Katọlik guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Josephs na 1962 ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ dị ka ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi n'oge Agha Obodo Naijiria. Obi nke Awka-Etiti H. R. H. IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị na 1964.

Chief Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na onye mbụ si Awka Etiti gafere asambodo Senior Cambridge (London) na 1938 ma nọrọ na klas mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na C.K.C. College Onitsha. Ndị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum site na Awka-Etiti bụ Maazị E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) na Chief O. F. Obi (1957). Ndị dọkịta mbụ si Awka-Etiti gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ihe dị ka 1965 na ndị isi Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) bụ dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke Germany, Dr. Samuel Ezenwa bụ dọkụ na-awapụ ahụ nke America na Dr. George Udenkwo Gynaecologist zụrụ na Ireland.[19]

Ahụike

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Ambulance na Awka-Etiti

N'afọ 1958, Gọọmentị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa gbanwere ụlọ ndị na-amụ nwa dị ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ. Nke a bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ruo na mbido afọ 1980 mgbe ndị dọkịta mbụ meghere usoro ụlọ ọgwụ onwe onye gụnyere; St. Francis Specialist Hospital and Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital na Marternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, yana Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital.

Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba

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Awka-Etiti bụ otu n'ime ihe na-akpali mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ala Igbo.[20] Ndị ikom na ndị inyom na-azụ ahịa si n'obodo ahụ enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na mbubata nke ịnyịnya ígwè na akụkụ ịnyịnya ígwè site na mbido afọ 1940.[21] Mgbe Agha Obodo Naịjirịa gasịrị, ndị ọchụnta ego Awka-Etiti guzobere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a ma ama karịsịa G.M.O Group of Companies na Roadmaster Industries Ltd.[21][22] Ụlọ ọrụ ndị e guzobere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ akara ngwaahịa ihe ntecha IKB na Interbau Construction Company Ltd.[23][24] Ọtụtụ puku ohere ọrụ na Naịjirịa na karịa ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa ndị ọzọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Awka-Etiti nyere ha n'onwe ha na n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè.

Ihe owuwu

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Ọtụtụ n'ime okporo ụzọ ndị dị na Awka-Etiti bụ ndị e tere ájá.

 
Okporo ụzọ ndị e tere ájá na Awka-Etiti

Nke a emeela ka o kwe omume naanị site na mbọ ndị ọrụ ebere na ndị obodo. N'ihe banyere nke a, Awka-Etiti na-anọchite anya ọnọdụ dị n'obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Igboland, ebe obere ma ọ bụ enweghị mmepe nke gọọmentị kpatara.[25] N'agbanyeghị nke a, Òtù Ndị Ntorobịa Iruowelle na Òtù Mmepe Umunocha abụwo ndị a ma ama n'ịmebi okporo ụzọ n'ime obodo ha. E wezụga nke ahụ, ọtụtụ ụzọ njikọ dị mkpa emebiwo site na mgbalị aka nke ụmụ amaala na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka.

Ndị mmadụ

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  • Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Onye bụbu nwa agbọghọ kachasị mma na Naịjirịa

Ihe ndetu

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  1. ↑ Official Website "Idemili Local Government Area" retrieved March 2013
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dallah E.R. and Nzewi E.C:(1996) p.2
  3. ↑ Akajiobi, G.O (2005), p.xxii
  4. ↑ Shaw Thurstan: Unearthing Igbo-Ukwu, Archaeological discoveries in Eastern Nigeria, Oxford University Press, Ibadan (1977)
  5. ↑ Sutton J.E.G:Igbo-Ukwu and the Nile, African Archaeological Review Vol 18, No. 1, (2001) p. 51
  6. ↑ Akajiobi, G.O: (2005) p. xx–xxi
  7. ↑ Dallah E.R. and Nzewi E.C: (1996) p.9
  8. ↑ Website "NigerianWiki" retrieved March 2013 Nnewi - NigerianWiki. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved on 2013-03-03.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Dallah E.R. and Nzewi E.C: (1996) p.10
  10. ↑ London Gazette No 27889, p. 1337-1338, 23 February 1906; http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27889/pages/1337
  11. ↑ Dallah E.R. and Nzewi E.C (1996) p.7
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 The Nation Online 8 August 2008
  13. ↑ Anambra State Government | Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler. anambrastate.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved on 17 November 2016.
  14. ↑ Ezenwa-Ohaeto; Chinua Achebe: A Biography – James Currey Publishers (1997)-page 146
  15. ↑ Chukwuma Azuonye. Reminiscences of the Odunke Community of Artists: (1966–90) ALA Bulletin: A Publication of the African Literature Association, Bulletin 17,1 (Winter 1991) p.20
  16. ↑ Akajiobi, G.O. (2005) p.171-172
  17. ↑ Akajiobi, G.O (2005) p.175
  18. ↑ Duru. "REVEALED! Nigerian communities where killing snakes is dangerous- The Nation Nigeria", The Nation Nigeria, 7 October 2017.
  19. ↑ F. Chidozie Ọgbalụ: Animo: a directory of Anambra and Imo States, University Pub. Co., 1982, p.86
  20. ↑ Tom G. Forrest (1995) p.148
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tom G. Forrest (1995) p.151
  22. ↑ Tom G. Forrest (1995) p.152
  23. ↑ Website "Mitchellgroup Europe" retrieved March 2013 http://www.mitchellgroupeu.com/downloads/Backgrounder_IKB.fhd.pdf
  24. ↑ Website "Interbau Construction Ltd." retrieved March 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112625/http://inter-bau.com.ng/
  25. ↑ Punch Newspaper Online Retrieved 12 March 2013 Igbo group decries S'East marginalisation — the Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved on 2013-03-14.

Ihe odide

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  • Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute na nsogbu metụtara ya 1957-1999. Africa-Link Books (2005)
  • Dallah, E.R. na Nzewi, E.C. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Iruowelle Village Community, Optimal Books Enugu. (1996)
  • Tom G. Forrest Ọganihu nke isi obodo Afrịka: Uto nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye nke Naijiria. Spectrum Books (1995)
  • The Nation, akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ịntanetị, isiokwu "New Yam Festival with a difference in Anambra community" nke Adimike George, bipụtara 8 August 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387

Njikọ mpụga

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Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Awka-Etiti&oldid=145150