Asụsụ Guanche
Guanche bụ Asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke ndị Guanches nke Canary Islands na-asụ ruo na narị afọ nke 16 ma ọ bụ 17. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe e merisịrị Canary Islands ka agbụrụ Guanche sonyere n'omenala Spanish. A maara asụsụ Guanche taa site na ahịrịokwu na okwu ọ bụla nke ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịdị ala mbụ dere, yana ọtụtụ aha ebe na ụfọdụ okwu Guanche ndị e debere na Spanish nke ndị Canary Islanders.
| Guanche | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Spain (Canary Islands) | |
| Region: | Canary Islands | |
| Language extinction: | 17th century[1] | |
| Language family: | Afro-Asiatic (?) Berber (?) Guanche | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | gnc | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Nchịkọta
dezieA naghị ekewapụta Guanche n'ụzọ doro anya. [2][3][4][5] ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-atụ aro na Guanche nwere ike ịbụ Asụsụ Berber, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'usoro ọmụmụ ya na asụsụ Berber ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ dị ka asụsụ Afroasiatic. Otú ọ dị, okwu ndị Berber a na-ahụkarị bụ okwu ugbo ma ọ bụ nke anụ ụlọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ nweghị mgbanwe ụtọ asụsụ Berber a chọpụtara, ma enwere ọtụtụ okwu nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla yiri Berber. [1] nwere ike ịbụ na Guanche nwere ọtụtụ okwu Berber mana ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na Berber. [2] na-egosipụta myirịta ndị ọzọ siri ike na asụsụ Berber na usoro ịgụta ọnụ ha, ebe ụfọdụ ndị edemede na-atụ aro na alaka Canarian ga-abụ alaka nwanne nwanyị na asụsụ Berbert ndị dị na kọntinent, na-ekewa n'oge mmalite mmepe nke ezinụlọ asụsụ na tupu terminus post quem maka mmalite nke Proto-Berber. [1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
dezieAha Guanche na mbụ na-ezo aka na "nwoke si Tenerife", ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị ka ọ bịara na-ezo anya na ndị niile bi na Canary Islands. A na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke asụsụ ahụ n'ofe agwaetiti ahụ. Ihe nchoputa ihe ochie na Canaries gụnyere ihe odide Libyco-Berber na Punic na ihe osise nkume, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ mbụ kwuru na ndị Guanches n'onwe ha enweghị usoro ederede.
Akụkọ mbụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya banyere asụsụ Guanche bụ nke onye nchọpụta Genovese Nicoloso da Recco nyere na 1341, na ndepụta nke nọmba 1-19, ikekwe site na Fuerteventura. Akụkọ Recco na-ekpughe usoro ịgụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 10 nke yiri nke Berber.
Gomer_language" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Silbo Gomero language">Silbo, nke bụbu ụdị okwu Guanche a na-akpọ ụfụfụ maka nkwurịta okwu n'ebe dị anya, ejiri ya mee ihe na La Gomera, El Hierro, Tenerife, na Gran Canaria. Ka asụsụ Guanche na-apụ n'anya, ụfọdụ ndị bi na Canary Islands nabatara nsụgharị Spanish nke Silbo.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ
dezieA na-agba akaebe na ọnụọgụ Guanche site n'ọtụtụ isi mmalite, ọ bụghị mgbe niile na nkwekọrịta dị mma (Barrios 1997). Ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche ndị ahụ nwere okike ịbụ n'ihi njehie mbipụta, ụfọdụ n'ime ihe dị iche iche gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, na ndị ọzọ n'ihi mgbazinye Arabic n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ihe ndekọ Recco nke mmalite 1341 na-eji mkpụrụedemede Italian eme ihe.
| Ọnụ ọgụgụ | Recco (1341) |
Cairasco (abụ, 1582) |
Cedeño (ihe dị ka 1685) |
Marín de Cubas (1687, 1694) |
Sosa (nke e depụtaghachiri na 1678) |
Abreu (nke e dere na 1632) |
Reyes (nweghachi nke afọ 1995) |
Proto-Berber |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ihe efu* | *be | Ben, bịa- | becen~bụ, ben-ir- | ben, ben-ir- | a na-enwe obi ụtọ, ben-i- | *wên | *yiwan |
| 2 | Smetti, obere- | *smi | liin, lin-ir- | liin, sin-ir-~lin-ir- | eriri (sijn) | eriri, eriri- | *nri | * Sin |
| 3 | amelotti, amierat- | *amat | enyi na enyi | enyi na enyi, am-ir- | amiat (amiet) | Enyi na enyi | * Enyi nwoke | *karaḍ |
| 4 | acodetti, acodat- | *Aco | Arba | Arba | Arba | Arba | *akod | *hakkuẓ |
| 5 | simusetti, simusat- | *somus | canza~canse | gbanwee | cansa | gbanwee | *sumus | *sammus |
| 6 | sesetti, sesatti- | ? | sumus | sumui~sumus | sumus | smmous | *ozu | *Saḍis |
| 7 | satti | *setị | Nọdụ ala | Nọdụ ala | Nọdụ ala (ya) | Nọdụ ala | *sa | *Saha |
| 8 | tamatti | *tamo | setịpụrụ | setịpụrụ | setịpụrụ | setịpụrụ | *tam | *tam |
| 9 | Ala marava,
A mụrụ ya |
? | acet~nkebi | akara aka | akara aka | akara aka | *aldamoraw | *tiẓ (ẓ) ah~tuẓah |
| 10 | marava | *marago | marago | marago | marago | marago | *maraw~maragw | *maraw |
* Ọ bụkwa na-amụ, ihe doro anya bụ njehie. N'otu aka ahụ na alda-morana maka *alda-marava a tụrụ anya ya.
E guzobere ihe akaebe nke 11-19 site na ijikọ nọmba na iri na -ir: benirmarago, linirmarago. 20-90 yiri, mana nkwekọrịta: linago, amiago, wdg. 100 bụ Maraguin, o doro anya na 10 na ọtụtụ Berber -en. Recco dekọrọ naanị 1-16; ụdị njikọta maka 11-16, nke na-enweghị -ir-, gụnyere dị ka ụdị hyphenated na tebụl dị n'elu.
Spanish anaghị eme ka [b] na [v], yabụ na ọ kwekọrọ na *veen. Nwanyị Berber bụ-agwụ na 2">-t, dịka na Shilha 1: Yan (m), yat (f); 2: mmehie (m), snat (f), nke a nwere ike ịkọwa ọdịiche dị ka been na vait maka 'otu'.
Cairasco bụ abụ na-ezighị ezi, besmia mat acosomuset tamobenir marago. Ses '6' nwere ike furu efu n'etiti somuset (← *somussesset).
Malite na Cedeño, mgbọrọgwụ ọhụrụ maka '68" href="./7" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="7">7" href="./6" id="mw8g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="6">6" href="./2" id="mw6w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2">2' na '9' na-apụta ('9' ma eleghị anya mgbọrọgwụ ochie maka '4" id="mw7Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="4">4'), mgbọrọgwụ ọhụụ maka '4', ' kansa) yiri ka ọ bụ mgbazinye Arabic, na '5" href="./5" id="mw7w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="5">5', '6', '7' ochie na-agbanwe na '6',' '7', '8'.
Okwu
dezieN'okpuru ebe a bụ ihe ndị Guanche ahọrọ site na ndepụta nke narị afọ nke 16 nke Alonso de Espinosa, dịka Clements Robert Markham (1907) dezigharịrị ma sụgharịa: [6]: xx-xxiv: xx–xxiv
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Maarten Kossmann, Berber subclassification (preliminary version), Leiden (2011)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Militarev (2018). Libyo-Berbers-Tuaregs-Canarians (Tamâhaq Tuaregs in the Canary Islands in the Context of Ethno-Linguistic Prehistory of Libyo-Berbers: Linguistic and Inscriptional Evidence). Research Gate.
- ↑ Bynon J., "The contribution of linguistics to history in the field of Berber studies." In: Dalby D, (editor) Language and history in Africa New York: Africana Publishing Corporation, 1970, p 64-77.
- ↑ Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of Languages, 1998, p. 88 "Guanche, indigenous language of the Canary Islands, is generally thought to have been a Berber language."
- ↑ Richard Hayward, 2000, "Afroasiatic", in Heine & Nurse eds, African Languages, Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Templeeti:Citation-attribution
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
dezie- Osorio Acevedo, Francisco 2003. Nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Guanche: akwụkwọ ọkọwapụta okwu nke asụsụ nke ndị Aborigine Canary. Tenerife: CajaCanarias. ISBN 9788479264253
- Villarroya, José Luis de Pando. 1996. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke olu Guanches. Toledo: Pando Ediciones.
- Villarroya, José Luis de Pando. 1987. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke asụsụ Guanche. Madrid: Pando Ediciones.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1950. Das kanarische Berberisch na seinem sprachgeschichtlichen Milieu. Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 100: 403-460.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Okwu Canario guanche. Ndị edemede sayensị na teknụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ 30:119-129.
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- José Barrios: Usoro nọmba na kalenda nke obodo ndị Berber nke Gran Canaria na Tenerife na narị afọ nke iri na anọ na iri na ise (PhD Dissertation, 1997)
- Gerhard Böhm: Monumentos de la Lengua Canaria e Inscripciones Líbicas (Department of African Studies, University of Vienna - Occasional Paper No. 4 / February 2006)
n'omenala Spanish. A maara asụsụ Guanche taa site na ahịrịokwu na okwu ọ bụla nke ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịdị ala mbụ dere, yana ọtụtụ aha ebe na ụfọdụ okwu Guanche ndịTempleeti:Berber languagesn'omenala Spanish. A maara asụsụ Guanche taa site na ahịrịokwu na okwu ọ bụla nke ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịdị ala mbụ dere, yana ọtụtụ aha ebe na ụfọdụ okwu Guanche ndị