Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, al-ʿarabiyyah [al ːaraˈbijːa] (na-ege ntị); عَرَبیِيّ, ʿarabīy [ˈāarabiː] (na'ege ntị) ma ọ bụ [áaraˈbij]) bụ asụsụ Semitic a na-asụkarị n'ụwa ndị Arab.[5] Ebe ọ pụtara na narị afọ nke mbụ, a na-akpọ ya aha ndị Arab; a na-eji okwu "Arab" eme ihe na mbụ iji kọwaa ndị bi na Peninsula Arab, dịka ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịdị ala si Gris oge ochie si ghọta.[6]
| Arabic | |
|---|---|
| اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ al-ʿarabiyyah | |
 al-ʿarabiyyah na Arabic ederede (Naskh script)
| |
| Nkwupụta | __ibo__ [Anyaarabiː/, [Anyamaraˈbijːa/] |
| A mụrụ ya | Mba ndị Arab League, ndị ka nta na mba ndị gbara ha gburugburu na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Eshia, Africa, Europe |
| Agbụrụ | Ndị Arab na ọtụtụ ndị obodo nke mpaghara MENA (n'ihi mgbanwe asụsụ) |
| Ndị ọkà okwu | Nde mmadụ 360 na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche (2022) nde mmadụ 274 na-asụrụ L2 nke Modern Standard Arabic[1] [2] |
Ụdị mbụ
|
Proto-ArabicOld ArabicOld HijaziClassical Arabic
|
Ụdị ọkọlọtọ
|
|
| Asụsụ |
|
| |
| Ntinye aka Arabic (ụdị mba dị iche iche) | |
| Ọnọdụ gọọmentị | |
Asụsụ gọọmentị na
|
|
Asụsụ ole na ole a ma ama na
|
|
| Na-achịkwa site na | Ndepụta
|
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-1 | ar
|
| ISO 639-2 | ara
|
| ISO 639-3 | Arabic gụnyere koodu Onye ọ bụla koodu:arq AlgerianArabicaao Algeria Saharan Arabicxaa Andalusian Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Albishishishish Arabic Arabic Arabic Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Arabic Arabic Arabic Sudan Sudan Sudan Sudan Caribbean Arabic Arabic Caribbean Arabic Arabic Dz Dz Dz Dz Arabic Arabic Arabic Dz Arabic Arabic Dz Arabic Arabic Dz Dz Arabic Dz Dz Arabicish Arabic Arabic Dz Arabish Arabic Arabic |
| Glottolog | Arabic1395
|
| Asụsụ | 12-AAC
|
 Nkesa nke Arabic: naanị asụsụ gọọmentị (ọcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ); naanị asụsụ gọọmenti, ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala (ọcha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nri); asụsụ gọọmentụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu ala (ọchịchịrị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ); asụsụ gọọmenti na-asụrụ, enweghị ndị na-ekwuru okwu ala (acha anụnụ); ọ bụghị ndị gọọmentị, ndị na'asụsụ ala (ọkpụkpụ na-acha odo odo)
| |
Kemgbe narị afọ nke asaa, a na-eji Diglossia mara Arabic, yana mmegide n'etiti asụsụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù - ya bụ. Arabic Literary: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) ma ọ bụ Arabic oge ochie-na ụdị asụsụ dị iche iche, nke na-eje ozi dị ka asụsụ obodo. Olumba okwu na-adịgasị iche site na MSA, na-egbochi nghọta n'otu n'otu. A na-enweta MSA naanị site na agụmakwụkwọ nkịtị, a naghị asụ ya n'asụsụ ala. Ọ bụ asụsụ nke akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ gọọmentị, na mgbasa ozi edere ede. N'ụdị a na-ekwu okwu, a na-eji MSA eme ihe n'usoro iwu, akwụkwọ akụkọ na maka ekpere. Ụdị dị iche iche a bụ asụsụ mba Arab na asụsụ okpukpe Alakụba. Ọ bụ asụsụ gọọmentị nke steeti iri abụọ na isii na mpaghara 1 esemokwu, nke atọ kachasị mgbe Bekee na French gasịrị. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime asụsụ isii nke United Nations.
Ụdị okwu dị iche iche bụ ụzọ nkwurịta okwu na ngalaba ndị ọzọ niile. Ha abụghị otu ma dịgasị iche iche, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị a na-apụghị ịghọta ibe ha.[7] International Organization for Standardization na-enye koodu asụsụ maka ụdị 33 nke Arabic, gụnyere MSA.[8][9] Asụsụ Arabic anaghị esi na MSA ma ọ bụ Classical Arabic.[10] N'ozuzu, asụsụ Arabic nwere nde mmadụ 362 na-asụ ya, ebe nde mmadụ 274 na-asụrụ MSA, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ nke isii a na-asụgharị n'ụwa.[1][2][11]
A na-ede Arabic na mkpụrụedemede Arabic, abjad site n'aka nri gaa n'aka ekpe. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ a bụ edemede gọọmentị maka MSA. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ede ụdị mkparịta ụka dị iche iche, site na mpụta nke mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke asụsụ ndị e dere ede amụbaala nke ukwuu n'ịntanetị. E wezụga mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic, a na-edekarị olumba na Latin site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri ma ọ bụ na mkpụrụedemede Hibru (n'Izrel) na-enweghị orthography a kapịrị ọnụ.[3] Maltese bụ naanị ụdị mkparịta ụka dị iche iche e dere na mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin.[12]
Nchịkọta dezie
A na-ekekarị Arabic ka asụsụ Central Semitic. Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ka dị iche na nkewa kacha mma nke obere asụsụ Semitic. Asụsụ Semitic gbanwere nke ukwuu n'etiti Proto-Semitic na mpụta asụsụ Central Semitic, ọkachasị na ụtọ asụsụ. Ihe ọhụrụ nke asụsụ Central Semitic—ha niile edobere n’asụsụ Arabik—gụnyere:
- Mgbanwe nke nhazi nke suffix-conjugated stative formation (jalas-) n'ime oge gara aga.
- Mgbanwe nke prefix-conjugated preterite-tense formation (yajlis-) n'ime oge ugbu a.
- Ihichapụ ụdị ọnọdụ / ọdịdị ndị ọzọ jikọ/t/ara ọnụ (dịka, oge dị ugbu a nke e guzobere site na okpukpu abụọ nke etiti, nke zuru oke nke e guzobere site na itinye /t / mgbe ụdaume mgbọrọgwụ mbụ gasịrị, ma eleghị anya jussive nke mgbanwe nrụgide guzobere) iji kwado ọnọdụ ọhụrụ nke njedebe ndị agbakwunyere na ụdị njikọ (dịka -u maka ihe ngosi, -a maka subjunctive, enweghị njedebe maka jussive, -an ma ọ bụ -anna maka ike).
- Mmepe nke passive n'ime.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Arabic – Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 25th edition.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Arabic, Standard".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shachmon, Ori; Mack, Merav (2016).
- ↑ "Basic Law: Israel - The Nation State of the Jewish People" (PDF).
- ↑ Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011.
- ↑ Macdonald. "Arabians, Arabias, and the Greeks_Contact and Perceptions", Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia (in en), 16–17. ISBN 9781003278818.
- ↑ Arabic language (en). Britannica. Retrieved on 2022-09-17.
- ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 20 March 2018.
- ↑ jrb | ISO 639-3. iso639-3.sil.org. Retrieved on 2022-09-06.
- ↑ Al-Jallad (December 2021). "Connecting the Lines between Old (Epigraphic) Arabic and the Modern Vernaculars" (in en). Languages 6 (4): 173. DOI:10.3390/languages6040173. ISSN 2226-471X.
- ↑ What are the top 200 most spoken languages? (en). Ethnologue (2018-10-03). Retrieved on 2022-09-06.
- ↑ Čéplö (2020-01-01). "Chapter 13 Maltese". Arabic and Contact-induced Change.