Wikipedia

Ọrụ ugbo na Naịjirịa

Akụkụ bụ isi nke akụ na ụba Naijiria

Agriculture bụ ihe bụ isi nke akụ na nyere Naijira, [1] na-enweta ihe ruru pacenti iri atọ na ise nke ihe ọrụ n'afọ 2020. [2] Dị ka FAO si kwuo, [3] ọrụ ugbo na- na-abụ ntọala nke akụ.  na mụrụ Naijiria, [1] na-enye ihe maka ọtụtụ ndị Nigeria na ejedebe ọtụtụ nde ọrụ.  [4] [5] [6] Tinyere nri ala, Naijiria na-adabere na ike ugbo ọ na-ebupụ iji nweta ọtụtụ n'ime ego obodo ya.  [6] ọrụ ugbo na Naijiria nwere ngalaba anọ: amị ihe mmepụta, anụ ụlọ, ọdịdị na iche azụ .

Mmepe mmepụta ihe ubi nke Naijiria na 2015 US$ kemgbe 1961
Ahịa Oshodi na Lagos

Naijiria nwere mkpokọta ọrụ ugbo nke nde hectare iri asaa na uma ise nke nde [1] n'ime ya bụ ala a na-akọ ihe, [2] nde hectare isii na uma ise na-eji ihe omume na-adịgide adịgide, na hectare iri atọ na uma atọ bụ ike na ala  ịta obodo . [1]

Maize, akpu, ọka Guinea, Ahụekere na ji bụ ọkacha ozi a na-akọ na ebe, ebe pacenti iri asaa nke na-arụ ọrụ ugbo .  N'ebe ndịda, pacenti asaa na ụma atọ nke ezina ahụ na-akụ azụ, ebe irí isii na iteghete mara atọ nke ihe nwera ma ọ bụ na-azụ anụ ụlọ na ugwu ihie Nigeria . [2]

Na ndị nke atọ nke afọ 2019, tupu ọrịa COVID-19, ngalaba ahụ toro site na irí na anọ mara iri asatọ na asatọ kwa afọ.  Mmepụta ihe ka bụ azịza ukwuu na mpaghara ahụ.  N'ime nsogbu nke atọ nke afọ 2019, ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nyere irí abụọ na iteghete mara irí abụọ na isena mkpokọta GDP.  [3] N'agbata ọnwa January na Machị afọ 2021, ọrụ ugbo nyere irí abụọ na abụọ mara irí atọ na ise nke mkpokọta ụlọ [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Ngalaba a na-enwe ikike site na njirimara na obere, ọkara na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ.  [8] Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria nwere ike ịzọ ya, usoro nhazi ala nke na- Buru odị, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria nwere ike ịzọ ya, usoro nhazi ala nke na- Buru o dị ala, ọkwa nke mba ahụ, njedebe nke ihe na-akpata, ọnụ ọnụ  nke ugbo ugbo, ego ole.  nke Kakiri kredit nyere ikike nke njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ iche maka iche nke ngalaba ọrụ ugbo, ngwaọrụ nkata na nkesa fatịlaịza, ngwaọrụ ikiri ebe nchekwa, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke njikwa.

.[8]N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ, oke mmiri ozuzo, oke ihu igwe, na nrịanrịa na-arịwanye elu nke ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa ndị yiri ya nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-ebute bụ ihe ịma aka n'iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke usoro ọrụ ugbo nke mba ahụ.[8]  Nke a jikọtara ya na ịdabere n'ọrụ ugbo sitere na mmiri ozuzo, nke mere ka ngalaba ahụ nwee ike ịdaba na ọnọdụ oge.

Ihe ndị a niile na-atụnye ụtụ n'ịrụpụta ọrụ ugbo na mfu na mkpofu na Naịjirịa. [3] Amaghị akwụkwọ bụkwa otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe na-egbochi ọganihu na mmepe nke ọrụ ugbo na Naijiria. Nnyocha egosila na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ na Naịjirịa enwetabeghị agụmakwụkwọ. [9]

Dynamics

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N'oge akwụkwọ onwe Naijiria nke afọ 1960, mbupụ nri bụ ihe ụmụaka pacenti iri asaanke Gross National Product (GNP).  [10] Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ iri abụo na ise sochirinụ, ụlọ ahụ la akwado, na ihe oriri na-akpata ihe ụmụaka pacenti iri ise nke mbubata.  N'ime akpaghi na ngwaọrụ ala na-eme nri, ihe nri na Naijiria agbadala, i jikwa nri kwa onye ọ lụba galalakwara, butere ekewa akụkụ asaa na mbubata ọka. [10]

N'afọ ndị 1970, gọọmenti Naijiria kwalitere iji fatịlaịza na-adịghị ahụkebe eme ihe iji dozie nsogbu ahụ. [11] N'afọ 1990, n'ime ala Nigeria dị ihe dị ka nde hectare iri iteghete na otu, a chọpụtara na hectare nde irí asatọ na abụọ dabara adaba maka ọrụ ugbo, mana ọ bụ naanị pasentị iri anọ na abụọ nke ebe a na-akọ ihe ka a na-akọ ugbo. "Sistemụ fallow nke ọhịa," nke gụnyere ịhapụ ala na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ruo oge ụfọdụ iji mee ka mmeghari ebumpụta ụwa nke ọmụmụ ala, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Na mgbakwunye, nde hectare iri na asatọ ka ekewapụtara dị ka ebe ịta nri na-adịgide adịgide, mana enwere ike ịkwado ihe ọkụkụ, na ọtụtụ n'ime hectare nde irí abụọ nke oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa kpuchie nwere ikike ọrụ ugbo. [12]

Ụgwọ iwu mbubata ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria ruru pacenti iri atọ ruo ijeri naira narị iteghete na iri abụọ na Q1 2024, na-egosi na mba ahụ na-eto eto na-adabere na ngwa ọrụ ugbo a na-ebubata dị ka ọka wit na nri ndị dị mkpa iji gboo mkpa ndị ahịa, bụ nke ọrụ ugbo na-agbasi mbọ ike imeju. Ọnụ ego nri Naịjirịa na-ebubata toro karịa pacenti iri atọ na isii mara irí atọ na asatọ na June 2024 dịka akụkọ si kwuo. [13]

  1. ↑ cycles. Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria (en). Statista. Retrieved on 2024-07-30.
  2. ↑ Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria (en). Statista. Retrieved on 2021-08-12.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nigeria at a glance. www.fao.org. Retrieved on 2020-11-24.
  4. ↑ Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 – Minister (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (2022-09-15). Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  5. ↑ Isaac (2022-09-16). Agriculture Contributed 23.3% To National GDP In Q2 – Abubakar (en-US). Science Nigeria. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  6. ↑ Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 — Minister (en-US). NewsWireNGR (2022-09-15). Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  7. ↑ Ukpe (2022-08-26). GDP: Nigeria's Agriculture sector grows by 1.20% in Q2 2022 (en-US). Nairametrics. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  8. ↑ Olayide (December 2016). "Differential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on agricultural production in Nigeria: Any lessons for climate-smart agriculture?". Agricultural Water Management 178: 30–36. DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.034. ISSN 0378-3774. 
  9. ↑ 6 Agriculture Problems in Nigeria—and Solutions. agricdemy.com. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  10. ↑ Obasanjo (1988). Africa Embattled. Ibadan: Fountain Publications, 79. ISBN 9782679364. 
  11. ↑ Pasquini (2005). "Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'Empirical' and 'Scientific' knowledge in agricultural development". Geographical Journal 171 (2): 112–124. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x. 
  12. ↑ Nigeria - Agriculture. countrystudies.us. Retrieved on 2024-03-07.
  13. ↑ Tunji (2024-07-29). Nigeria’s imported food inflation jumps to 36.38% in June 2024 on weak naira (en-US). Nairametrics. Retrieved on 2024-07-30.

Mmepụta

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Na 2022, Nigeria wepụtara:

  • 59.6 nde tọn akpu (onye kacha emepụta n'ụwa). Naijiria nwere ihe ruru pasenti iri abụọ nke ihe a na-emepụta n'ụwa, ihe dị ka pasentị 34 nke Africa, na ihe dị ka pasentị 46 nke West Africa; [1]
  • 47.5 nde tọn ji (onye na-emepụta ihe kasị ukwuu n'ụwa); [2]
  • 3.3 nde tọn taro (onye na-emepụta ihe kacha ukwuu n'ụwa); [3]
  • 2.6 nde tọn cowpea (onye na-emepụta ihe kachasị n'ụwa); [4]
  • 6.8 nde tọn sorghum (onye na-emepụta ihe kachasị n'ụwa); [5] [6]
  • 2 nde tọn okra (nke abụọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa, nke abụọ na India); [7]
  • 2.8 nde tọn ahụekere (nke atọ kasị ukwuu na-emepụta n'ụwa, nke abụọ na China na India);
  • 4 nde tọn nduku ụtọ (onye na-emepụta ihe nke atọ n'ụwa, nke abụọ na China na Malawi);
  • 369 puku tọn ginger (onye na-emepụta ihe nke atọ n'ụwa, na-efunahụ naanị India na China);
  • 2.2 nde tọn millet (nke anọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa, nke abụọ na India, Niger, na Sudan);
  • 7.8 nde tọn mmanụ nkwụ (nke anọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa, nke abụọ na Indonesia, Malaysia, na Thailand);
  • 572 puku tọn mkpụrụ sesame (nke anọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa, na-efunahụ naanị Sudan, Myanmar, na India);
  • 332 puku tọn koko (nke anọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa, nke abụọ na Ivory Coast, Ghana, na Indonesia);
  • Nde tọn 3 nke plantain (nke ise kacha emepụta ihe n'ụwa);
  • 833 puku tọn pọọpọ (nke isii kacha emeputa n'ụwa);
  • 1.6 nde tọn nke painiapulu (nke asaa kachasị na-emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 3.9 nde tọn tomato (11th kasị emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 6.8 nde ton osikapa (otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta osikapa na Africa, [1] nke iri na anọ na-emepụta ihe n'ụwa);
  • 10.1 nde tọn ọka (14th kasị emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 7.5 nde tọn akwụkwọ nri ;
  • 1.4 nde tọn okpete ;
  • 1.3 nde tọn nduku ;
  • 949 puku tọn mango (gụnyere mangosteen na guava );
  • 938 puku tọn yabasị ;
  • 758 puku tọn soy ;
  • 747 puku tọn akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ose;
  • 585 puku tọn egusi ;
  • 263 puku tọn sheanut ;
  • 150 puku tọn aki oyibo .

Ngwaahịa a na-emepụta n'ubi nke mba ahụ na-adaba n'ìgwè abụọ bụ isi: ihe ọkụkụ a na-emepụta maka oriri ụlọ na ihe ọkụkụ a na-ere maka uru na mbupụ na mba ọzọ. Tupu agha obodo Naijiria, obodo ahụ nwere onwe ya na nri, mana nke ahụ belatara mgbe 1973 gasịrị. Achịcha sitere na ọka wit America nọchiri ihe ọkụkụ n'ụlọ dị ka nri kacha ọnụ ala. [8] N'agbata afọ 1980 na 2016, mmepụta jim mụbara site n'ihe dị ka nde tọn ise ruo nde tọn 44. [9] 0

Main article: Cocoa production in Nigeria

Cocoa bụ nnukwu mgbanwe mba ofesi na-abụghị mmanụ mmanụ, mana ikike nke ndị obere obere na enweghị ọrụ ugbo n'ihi mmepe obodo na-egbochi mmepụta. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi mmepụta nke koko gụnyere ego, enweghị ụlọ ọrụ na-ahazi, na ị nweta ụdị osisi ọhụrụ dị ala iji megharịa ochie na ịkọ ubi ọhụrụ. A na-amata ihe ndị a site n'ọtụtụ ndị metụtara ya. [10] Na-emegharị ụlọ ọrụ koko nke Nigeria

Ihe ịma aka ndị ahụ achụpụla mba ahụ n'ịbụ onye nke abụọ na-emepụta koko ka ọ bụrụ nke anọ, nke Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, na Indonesia meriri. N'afọ 1969, Nigeria wepụtara 145,000 tọn koko; Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ihe karịrị 300,000 kwa afọ. Gọọmenti Naijiria nwere ike inye ndị ọrụ ugbo koko aka karịa ka ha na-amụba ihe. [8]

  • Ihe mkpali mmefu ego ọhụrụ iji kwalite nnọchi mbubata ụlọ
  • Mwepụ mmachi na mpaghara itinye ego na oke nha nha nha na ntinye ego nke ndị na-etinye ego si mba ọzọ
  • Njikwa mgbanwe ego - ịnyefe isi obodo, uru na nkesa n'efu
  • Nkwenye nke usoro iwu megide ịweta mba / ịwepụ ego itinye ego
  • Uru pasentị efu (0%) n'elu igwe ọrụ ugbo na mbubata akụrụngwa
  • ezumike ụtụ isi ọsụ ụzọ maka itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo
  • Nkwụsị ọrụ na ihe mkpali ndị ọzọ metụtara ụlọ ọrụ, dịka, dabere na iji akụrụngwa mpaghara, ntụzịaka mbupụ.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Central Bank of Nigeria malitere mmemme Anchors-Borrow [11] iji kwalite ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ, karịsịa osikapa.

Gọọmenti etiti Naịjirịa emechiela oke ala ya ka o wee belata mbubata osikapa ma kwalite mmepụta obodo. [12] [13]

N'afọ 2024, gọọmentị Naịjirịa machiri ụgwọ mbubata na ngwa ọrụ ugbo dị mkpa iji luso ọnụ ahịa nri ọgụ na ịkwado mmepụta obodo. Amụma a bu n'obi ibelata ọnụ ahịa mbubata nri ma gbaa ume itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nri. [14]

Na mgbakwunye, gọọmentị webatara mmemme nkwado ego na ngwa ngwa maka ndị ọrụ ugbo, gụnyere mbinye ọmụrụ nwa dị ala, enyemaka maka ntinye ọrụ ugbo, na itinye ego na akụrụngwa ime obodo. [15]

Gọọmenti Naịjirịa webakwara atụmatụ kaadị ahụike ndị ọrụ ugbo ala Naịjirịa nke ga-eme ka e guzobe ụlọ nyocha nyocha ala na steeti dị iche iche na ọchịchị ime obodo na Naịjirịa iji kwalite mmepụta ndị ọrụ ugbo. [16]

Ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide

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Ebumnuche Sustainable Development Goals na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo na Nigeria enweela mmetụta na mpaghara mbupụ na-ahụ maka oriri na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ugbo na Nigeria. Ego a na-enweta kwa ọnwa nke ngalaba mbupụ abawanyela n'ime afọ anọ. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2016, mbupụ ọrụ ugbo ruru ijeri naira 4.1, nke ruru ijeri naira iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2017. Site na Eprel 2019 ruo Maachị 2020, mkpokọta mbupụ ọrụ ugbo ruru ijeri naira 289 maka Naịjirịa.

Mbupụ ọrụ ugbo n'ime ọnwa isii mbụ nke 2020 bụ ijeri naira 204.45, nke na-egosi na nrụpụta na-abawanye na mpaghara ahụ iji mee ka mmụba mbupụ. [17]

Ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable emewokwa ka mpụta atumatu nwere mmetụta na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha gụnyere "Amụma nkwalite ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria-2016-2020", nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịhụ nchekwa nri site na ibelata mbubata nri. Ọ na-achịkwa mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ na mkpali maka mmepe teknụzụ na ọkwa mpaghara. Mmemme Empowering Novel Agribusiness -Led Employment Programme na-achịkọta ego maka mmepe azụmaahịa na-eduga ndị ntorobịa. Amụma ọzọ bụ iwu atụmatụ kredit nke ọrụ ugbo sitere na 2016, nke na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ ihe mkpali n'oge niile n'usoro ọkọnọ ọrụ ugbo. N'ikpeazụ, "Green Alternative: The Agriculture Promotion Policy" ka ewepụtara n'etiti afọ 2016. Emebere ya iji kwalite mmepụta soybean na cowpea, bụ ndị ahọpụtara maka itinye uche na amụma ahụ n'ihi uru nri ha nwere na ikike mbupụ. [18]

Nlaghachi azụ na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria

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Kamgbe afọ 2015, mwakpo ndị na-achị ehi na-awakpo n'ugbo n'ofe Naịjirịa ebutela ihe a na-emepụta nke ọma n'ihi na ọtụtụ obodo ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ahapụla ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ kwụsịlata ọrụ ugbo ha n'ihi egwu mbibi nke ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ ọgụ ọbara. Nke a ebutelarị ọnụ ahịa nri na-arị elu na elu enweghị ọrụ. [1] Ndị na-achị ehi megide ndị ọrụ ugbo: Ọgbaghara na-egbu egbu nke Naijiria na-agbasawanye Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ebo ndị ọrụ ugbo ebubo na ndị na-achị ehi na-ama ụma na-edu ehi ha ka ha rie ihe ọkụkụ ha, nke na-eme ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na-awakpo ndị na-achị ehi mgbe ụfọdụ. Ndị na-azụrụ anụ ụlọ na-agbakọtakwa agbakọta ọkụ n'ime ime obodo niile na-arụ ọrụ ugbo iji megwara.

Ọ bụ ezie na Naijiria na-eru nso inwe afọ ojuju n'imepụta osikapa [2], ndị ọkachamara na-adọ aka na ntị na ọ bụrụ na edozighi esemokwu na-adịte aka n'etiti ndị na-akwagharị na ndị ọrụ ugbo n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ nwere ike imebi uru ndị e nwetara ugbu a. Ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta udo bịanyere aka na ya n'etiti ha abụọ akwụsịbeghị mbibi nke ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ ihe ike kpatara ya. [3] Otu akụkọ nke United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gosiri na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 25.3 ndị Naijiria nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ụkọ nri n'ihi enweghị nchebe na nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe na Nigeria. [19]

Hụkwa

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Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  2. ↑ omotolani (2022-03-28). Nigeria is the highest producer of yam, thanks to these states (en). Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  3. ↑ Top Taro Producing Countries In The World (en-US). WorldAtlas (2017-11-28). Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  4. ↑ You are being redirected.... www.iita.org. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  5. ↑ Sorghum Production by Country | World Agricultural Production 2022/2023 (en). www.worldagriculturalproduction.com. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  6. ↑ Sorghum Production by Country in 1000 MT - Country Rankings. www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  7. ↑ World Okra Production by Country (en). AtlasBig (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2022-12-16.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nigeria agriculture
  9. ↑ Verter (2015-05-01). "An Analysis of Yam Production in Nigeria". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63 (2): 659–665. DOI:10.11118/actaun201563020659. 
  10. ↑ Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate) - Nigeria. Work Bank Data. World Bank (2020). Retrieved on 24 November 2020.
  11. ↑ CBN and the Anchor Borrowers' ProgrammeE (en-US). ThisDayLive (2020-03-01). Retrieved on 2020-05-29.
  12. ↑ "Nigeria's border crisis fuelled by rice", BBC News, 2019-10-31. Retrieved on 2020-11-26. (in en-GB)
  13. ↑ You are being redirected.... businessday.ng (24 September 2020). Retrieved on 2020-11-26.
  14. ↑ Tinubu Approves Temporary Import Duty Ban to Combat Food Inflation (en-US). Naijaecho.com.ng (2024-07-14). Retrieved on 2024-07-15.
  15. ↑ Tinubu employs N500 billion in remedies to combat hardship (en-US). Naijaecho.com.ng (2023-08-01). Retrieved on 2024-07-15.
  16. ↑ Natsa (2024-07-24). FG inaugurates committee to implement Nigeria Farmers’ Soil Health Card Scheme (en-US). Businessday NG. Retrieved on 2024-07-30.
  17. ↑ Ukpe (2020-10-01). Nigeria @ 60: Agriculture and the way forward (en-GB). Nairametrics. Retrieved on 2021-03-27.
  18. ↑ Gil (July 2019). "Sustainable development goal 2: Improved targets and indicators for agriculture and food security" (in en). Ambio 48 (7): 685–698. DOI:10.1007/s13280-018-1101-4. ISSN 0044-7447. PMID 30267284. 
  19. ↑ Ekwe (2023-06-06). A deadly duo: Climate change and conflict are fuelling Nigeria’s food insecurity crisis (en-US). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2024-07-30.

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