Yam production in Nigeria

Naijiria bụ obodo mgbasa na-achọ ji, na-enweta ihe ihe nkiri 70–76 nke echiche ụwa. Dị ka mmetụta Food and Agriculture Organisation si kwuo, na 1985, Nigeria, 18.3 nde ji site na hectare 1.5, nke na-ekiri anya 73.8 nke ikpe ji n'Africa . [1] Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2008 si kwuo, ike yam na Naijiria nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ okwu 1985, ebe Nigeria na-enweta nde metric tonne 35.017 na ọnụ ahịa ya ruru US $ 5.654. [2] [3] N'uche, ndị nke abụọ na nke a atọ kacha chọta ji mmiri, Côte d'Ivoire na Ghana, rụpụtara ikike tɔn 6.9 na 4.8 nde ji dị na 2008 n'otu n'otu. Dị ka International Institute of Tropical Agriculture si kwuo, Nigeria ruru ihe dị ka 70 nke ihe a na-ahụ n'ụwa bụ nde tɔn 17 site na ala 2,837,000 hectare dị n'okpuru ugbo.. ^[1] ^[2]

Yam dị na klas nke mgbọrọgwụ na tubers bụ isi nri Nigeria na West Africa, nke na-enye ihe dị ka calorie 200 nke ume maka onye ọ bụla kwa ụbọchị. Na Naijiria, n'ọtụtụ ebe a na-amịpụta ji, a na-ekwu na "ji bụ nri na nri bụ ji". Otú ọ dị, mmepụta nke ji na Nigeria dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ nweghị ike imezu ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike n'ogo ọ na-eji ugbu a. O nwekwara ọkwa dị mkpa na ọha mmadụ na nnọkọ na ọrụ okpukperechi, nke a na-enyocha site n'oke njide jit mmadụ nwere. ^[3]

Ụdị

Yam, ihe omume na-ekpo ọkụ na genus Dioscorea, nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 600 nke isii n'ime ha bụ ihe dị mkpa maka akụ na mụrụ. Ndị a bụ ^[4]

Dioscorea rotundata (white guinea yam) - closely related to Dioscorea cayennensis, another domesticated yam widely consumed in West Africa. Both are derived from the wild progenitor Dioscorea praehensilis.
Dioscorea alata (purple yam) - originally from Oceania
Dioscorea bulbifera (aerial yam) - cultivated primarily for its bulbils
Dioscorea dumetorum (trifoliate yam) - similar to Dioscorea hispida
Dioscorea esculenta (lesser yam, Chinese yam) - Asian origin

N'ime ndị a, Dioscorea rotundata (yam ọcha) na Dioscorea alata (mmiri mmiri) bụ ụdị ndị a na-ama, na nke ozi mkpa n'ụzọ akụ nakoo na Nigeria. A na-akụ ji na mpaghara dị n'elu oke osimiri na ike mmiri mmiri, savanna osisi na ebe ndịda savanna. ^[5] ^[3]

tubers ndị ọzọ a na-eri na Nigeria: ^[4]

Akpụkpọ anụ
Nduku ụtọ
nduku Hausa
Nduku nduku
Nduku

Mpaghara mpaghara

Usoro iwu ala ugbo na steeti Ekiti nwere ala mmiri (% iri abụọ n'ugbo dị n'okpuru a), ụdị elu (50% ugbo n'ụdị a) na akwụkwọ nke ụdị ahụ (30% site na ugbo nguzozi) . Aha e mere na nta nke usoro atọ ahụ iji melite ihe omume iji gboo mkpa na-eto eto maka ihe omume nri a, na-egosi na " ọrụ mmiri mmiri mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n ụzọ akụ na ụdị nke 0.80 na-esote ụlọ ọrụ na-adabere na yam. [1] A na-egosi nchikota ụlọ ọrụ wetland/upland yam dị ka nke elele mma n'ụzọ akụ na-alụ, yana na-akwụ ụgwọ nke 0.76 Elizabeth. N'ihi ya, ihe aro ka a na-akụ ọtụtụ ji n'ala mmiri mmiri. Ndụmọdụ ọzọ emere bụ ịzụ ahịa yam minisett nke International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) na National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI). ^[3]

Ọ bụ ebe na a na-akụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na Nigeria, ebe a na-akụkarị ya bụ Steeti Benue (mpaghara nke 34,059). km 2 ) otu n'ime steeti ndị dị na Ndagwurugwu Benue nke Naijiria bụ ebe a ka na-arụ ọrụ n'akwa ka bụ ihe a na-emekarị na ihe ndị nwe ala dị ụgbọ. Na steeti a na-eche n'etiti ndị Tiv, oke ugbo ji ma ọ bụ ton nke ji a na-ahụ ngwaọrụ nke onye ọrụ ugbo ahụ. N'ihi na a na-iche ji dị elu na steeti Benue, Benue steeti bụ okpueze dị ka nkata nkata Nigeria. A na-akụ ji n'elu mkpọda karia mkpọda dị dị dabere na-anọ hydromorphic nke ala nke na-asa nke ala arụ ọrụ kwesịrị maka itolite , na ihe mmetụta tuber. [1] Ọ bụ ebe na e kwusiri okwu ike ike ihie yam n'arọ agronomical, isi ike nke e mere maka akpata akụ na nke ihe kpatara a na-akụ na mpaghara nke nwere obere ugbo, bụ nke na-arụ ọrụ. , na- LED na ala, ọrụ na ihe (fatịlaịza na kemịkalụ).. ^[5]

Ahịa Zaki Ibiam International Yam Market bụ nnukwu ahịa maka otu ngwaahịa na Nigeria. ^[6]

Omume ịkụ ihe

Dioscorea bulbifera

Dioscorea cf. dumetorum

A na-eto yam na mmiri na-agbapụta n'efu, aja na ala na-eme nri, mgbe ekpochachara fallow mbụ. A na-akwado ala n'ụdị mkpọmkpọ ebe ma ọ bụ ugwu ma ọ bụ mkpọ nke 1 mita (3 ft 3 na) elu. Ji a na-atụ aro maka ọnọdụ ala dị otú ahụ na Nigeria bụ ọcha ma ọ bụ ọcha guinea yam (Discorea rotundata) na mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ odo odo (Discorea alata) . A na-eme ihe site na njikere ji ma ọ bụ bepụ setts sitere na tubers . Otu ụbọchị tupu ịgha mmetụta, a ga-edozi tubers ahụ na ntụ osisi ma ọ bụ ọgwụ fungicide ( thiabendazole ) iji jide nke ala. A na-akụ osisi ndị ahụ n'otu oge nke 15–20 centimeters (5.9–7.9 na) na ihu ebibiri chere ihu elu. Mulching dị mkpa n'oge Ọktoba-Nọvemba nwera achọpụta nkụ ma ọ bụ irighiri ihe e ji eji ike aprịịt ya. A na-akpa usoro onunu ogwu nke ngwa fatịlaịza, dị ka ọ dị mkpa, mgbe achọpụtachara kemịkal nke ihe atụ ala. A na-eme ahihia nke aka site na igbutu ugboro atọ ma ọ bụ dabere na ịnto igbo. Stakes abụọ, nke ọ mgbasa n'ime 2 meters (6 ft 7 na) elu na-eji staking osisi na vine n'elu ya; otu maka osisi abụọ a na-eji nke ọzọ eme Nkwado ya na stakes dị n'ụdị. A na-ahụ stovu Sorghum maka nzube a na ala savannah . A na-ahụ maka njikwa pest na ọrịa site na njikwa omenala na ụzọ kemịkal; ụmụ anụmanụ ndị na- emetụta osisi ahụ bụ nematodes dị ka eserese Meloidogyne spp. na yam nematode ( Scutellonema bradys), na ụmụ ndị dị ka yam shoot ebe, yam tuber ebe na crickets . Ikpon nke ubi dị mkpa na idobe 2–3 meters (6 ft 7 n'ime - 9 ft 10 na) a ga-ahụ oke oke igbo n'efu. A na-akwado ndị na- ọrịa [cultivars] maka ojiji. A na-ewe ihe ubi tupu osisi ndekọ akɔ, ala akpọọkwa nkụ ma sie ike. N'ozuzu, a na-enweta mmetụta nke 10–15 tonne kwa ha maka ji ocha yana tonne 16–25 maka ji mmirika site n'ịgbaso usoro usoro iwu. A na-echekwa ji ndị e wetara egbute site na iji ụdọ kegide ha. Ha nwere ndụ nchekwa ihe dị ka ọnwa ise. Ndị ọkachamara nkwakọba ihe ebe a na-echekwa ha kwesịrị ịbụ ihe nri nke òké nwere ntọala na gbụ waya. E orisirisi buds rere ure na buds ndị pulitere ^[7]

Na-eji

Ụtọ ji

Tuber bụ abụ isi nke osisi ji nke nwere nnukwu carbohydrate ejide (abụba na protein dị ala) ma na-enye ezigbo ume. Jike a na-enweghị nwere vitamin C. A na-eri ji, ndị ụtọ na ndị ụtọ, dị ka ji esi esi nri (dị ka akwụkwọ nri esi esi) ma ọ bụ fufu ma ọ bụ eghe na nke wee rie ya. A na-atụnyekarị ya n'ime nnukwu mado ma esi ya esi nri ma were ofe rie ya. A na-edozikwa ya ka ọ ntụ ọka maka ịhụ ihe nkedo. A na-ekwu na iji ọgwụ eme ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali obi bụ ihe m na-agụ kemịkal ya, nke m alkaloids nke saponin na sapogenin . Ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka starch ụlọ ọrụ ihe ka mma nke ụfọdụ ụdị nwere ike inye starch dị ukwuu dị ka ọka. ^[5] ^[1]

Ememe na mmemme

A na-ejikọtakwa emume emume na mmachi mmemme na ji, nke bụ isi na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria. A na-eme mmemme ji kwa afọ iji mara owuwe ihe ubi a. ^[5] Ndị isi obodo na ndị nwere aha ọdịnala na Naijiria bụ ndị na-akụ ji na-eme ka ọ bụrụ omume okpukperechi site n'ịghara iri ji ruo mgbe a na-enye chi. N'oge mmemme a, ndị obodo na-ekpe ekpere na-ekele chi ndị nna nna ha maka ngọzi nke ala na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị. Ememme a na-eme n'obodo nta bụ n'ụdị ịgba egwu ọdịnala. ^[2] ^[3]

Ndị kọstọm

Rapped yam fufu

Otu n’ime omenala alụmdi na nwunye a na-ahụ n’obodo ụfọdụ dị na Nigeria bụ iji ji ole ọ pụrụ ịkpa atụ akụ̀ na ụba nwoke ahụ na-alụ. Ọzọkwa, dị ka ọdịnala si dị, onye na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ ga-enye ndị ọgọ ya opekempe 200 nnukwu tubers ji dị ka ihe akaebe na ọ nwere ike ilekọta nwunye ya na ezinụlọ ya n'ọdịnihu. ^[2]

A na- akara ji dị ka totem nwoke na mpaghara ụfọdụ n'ala Igbo. Omenala ọzọ a ọpụpụ bụ na a naghị ekwe ka ụmụ anọ gaa n’ubi ji ruo mgbe ọ dị njikere iwe ihe ubi; otu o sila dị, iwe ihe ubi bụ ikike nke anụmanụ. ^[2]

Hụkwa

Akpụpụta akpụ na Naịjirịa
Agriculture na Naijiria
Ji (akwukwo nri)
Dioscorea

Ntụaka

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yams (Dioscorea). cigar.org. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 A Breakthrough in Yam Breeding. Worldbank.org. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 (2006) "Production Efficiency in Yam Based Enterprises in Ekiti State, Nigeria" (pdf). Journal of Central European Agriculture 7: 627–634. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Blench (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Altamira Press. ISBN 9780759104655.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Determinants of Yam Production and Economic Efficiency Among Small-Holder Farmers in Southeastern Nigeria 337–341. Delta State University (27 June 2006). Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved on 16 June 2011.
↑ In Zaki Biam, Nigeria's Largest Mono-Product Market. Folio Nigeria. Retrieved on 17 August 2020.
↑ Commercial Crop Production Guide Series:Growing Yams in Nigeria. Information and Communication Support for Agricultural Growth in Nigeria. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.

[Cgiar-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yams (Dioscorea). cigar.org. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.

[World-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 A Breakthrough in Yam Breeding. Worldbank.org. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.

[Ekiti-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 (2006) "Production Efficiency in Yam Based Enterprises in Ekiti State, Nigeria" (pdf). Journal of Central European Agriculture 7: 627–634. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.

[AfricanPast-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Blench (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Altamira Press. ISBN 9780759104655.

[Yam-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Determinants of Yam Production and Economic Efficiency Among Small-Holder Farmers in Southeastern Nigeria 337–341. Delta State University (27 June 2006). Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved on 16 June 2011.

[6] In Zaki Biam, Nigeria's Largest Mono-Product Market. Folio Nigeria. Retrieved on 17 August 2020.

[Support-7] Commercial Crop Production Guide Series:Growing Yams in Nigeria. Information and Communication Support for Agricultural Growth in Nigeria. Retrieved on 17 June 2011.

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