Tengenenge

art colony, osimiri
onye hiwere	Tom Blomefield
mba/obodo	Zimbabwe
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara	Mashonaland Central Province
nhazi ọnọdụ	16°43′2″S 30°55′48″E, 16°43′7″S 30°54′35″E
Nwe ya	Tom Blomefield

Tengenenge bụ obodo ndị na-ese ihe na ezinụlọ ha dị na Guruve District nke Zimbabwe . O nwetala nkwanye ugwu mba ụwa n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-akpụ akpụ bụ ndị birila ma rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ kemgbe 1966. Ndị a gụnyere Fanizani Akuda, Bernard Matemera, Sylvester Mubayi, Henry Munyaradzi na Bernard Takawira . ^[1]

Nguzobe obodo ihe ọkpụkpụ

Tom Blomefield na 2012

Tom Blomefield hibere obodo Tengenenge Sculpture na 1966. O nwere ihe bụbu ugbo ụtaba na nke m chromium mana ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụ mgbe ahụ enweghị akụ na ụba n'ihi mmachi mba ụwa megide ọchịchị ọcha Rhodesia nke Ian Smith na-edu, onye kwuputara Nkwupụta Nnwere Onwe nke Otu na 1965. Blomefield dere na ọ na-achọ ụzọ ọzọ isi nweta ego maka ndị ọrụ ya, bụ nke pụtara mgbe onye na-ese ihe Crispen Chakanyuka gara na-egosi na ugbo ahụ nwere mpụta nke nkume agwọ siri ike (akụkụ nke Great Dyke ) nke Blomfield nwetara ikike nke m. iji ihe ọkpụkpụ. N'ụzọ dabara adaba, Tengenenge pụtara "mmalite nke mmalite" n'asụsụ Korekore mpaghara nke asụsụ Shona . ^[2] Ọrụ sitere na "ọgbọ mbụ" nke ndị na-ese ihe na Tengenenge sonyeere ndị nke ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na National Gallery nke Rhodesia dị na Salisbury, bụ ebe onye nduzi mgbe ahụ, Frank McEwen haziri ihe ngosi ma mba na mba. Nke a kere otu ndị na-ese ihe nke ndị na-anakọta na-achọ ihe mmepụta ha na nke mere aha ọtụtụ, gụnyere Fanizani Akuda, Amali Malola, Bernard Matemera, Leman Moses, Sylvester Mubayi, Henry Munyaradzi na Bernard Takawira bụ ndị nọrọla oge na Tengenenge. ^[1] ^[3] McEwen na Blomefield chegharịrị n'echiche ha gbasara otu mmegharị ihe ọkpụkpụ na-eto eto kwesịrị isi malite. Blomefield gbara ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe si n'ọtụtụ mba gụnyere Angola, Malawi na Mozambique ume ka ha sonye n'ime obodo nke agbụrụ Shona na-echeghị ma ha nwere ọzụzụ nkịtị. McEwen nwere ọhụụ dị warara ma guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi na National Gallery iji zụọ ndị ọ masịrị ya. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ha abụọ tolitere ruo mgbe ndị ọchịchị obere ndị ọcha chụpụrụ McEwen na Rhodesia na 1973, n'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ maka "ịkwado ndị isi ojii". ^[4]

Mmepe ndị ọzọ

Biriyo Fernando ji ihe ọkpụkpụ elephant na 2017

Ọkpụkpụ nke Rumbidzai Gomo

Na 1973, Blomefield rere ugbo ya ma kwaga Harare, n'agbanyeghị na obodo Tengenenge nọgidere na-emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1979 ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe n'ime ime obodo ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ese ihe agaala. Na Disemba 1979, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta Lancaster House na-enye ohere ka mba ahụ nweta nnwere onwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na 1980. Obodo ndị na-ese ihe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malitegharịa karịsịa mgbe Blomefield laghachiri na 1985, bụ nke gbara ndị ọzọ ume ime otu ihe ahụ. Na 1989, ohere maka ndị ọbịa na Tengenenge ka mma site na mmeghe nke okporo ụzọ tar na n'afọ ahụ, a haziri ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke mba ụwa nke ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere nke dị na Europe: Beelden op de Berg na Wageningen, Netherlands. ^[1] Na 1998, e mepụtara vidiyo gbasara Tengenenge nke mere ka onye nyocha kwuo ^[5] na

"Ihe kacha sie ike nke Tengenenge bụ ịkwụwa aka ọtọ nke ọ na-eche okwu arụmụka banyere àgwà ọrụ a na-arụ na saịtị ahụ. Isi okwu esemokwu a abụghị nanị na obodo ahụ, ma ọ dị oke egwu n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ. ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ."

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, ihe ruru ndị omenkà 300 ebiela na Tengenenge n'oge dị iche iche mana ụfọdụ ndị ọbịa na-akatọ ọnọdụ adịghị ọcha na enweghị agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ndị ọrụ. ^[4] Ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Celia Winter-Irving, bụ onye nọrọla ọtụtụ ọnwa bi na Tengenenge ma dee ọtụtụ ihe banyere ihe ọkpụkpụ na ndị na-ese ihe na-akwado nkwado karị, na-ekwere ^[1] na.

"Ntụziaka [Blomefield] enweghị mmetụta dị nta nke nna nna nke ndị na-acha ọcha ... ma ọ bụ tinyeghị ụzọ ndụ Europe ya na ụkpụrụ ya n'ahụ ndị na-ese ihe."

Blomefield gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye nduzi nke Tengenenge ruo 2007, mgbe Dominic Benhura nọchiri ya bụ onye na-ese ihe a ma ama. ^[6] Na 2011, e hiwere otu njikwa nke ndị nka ise. ^[7] Ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ rụworo ọrụ na Tengenenge gụnyere Square Chikwanda, Sanwell Chirume, Edward Chiwawa, Barankinya Gosta, Makina Kameya na Jonathan Mhondorohuma .

Tom Blomefield nwụrụ na 8 Eprel 2020, ọ dị afọ 95, na Netherlands; E liri ntụ ya na Tengenenge na 6 Disemba 2020. ^[8] ^[9]

Ọkwa dị ugbu a

Ọ bụ ezie na ire nka kwadoro ihe karịrị ndị otu obodo 1200 n'ogo nke ọganiihu Tengenenge, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020 ogologo oge isi ike akụ na ụba Zimbabwe ebutela ya. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị njem nlegharị anya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ daa ma ohere ọhụrụ adịkwa ụkọ.

Hụkwa

Ọkpụkpụ nke Zimbabwe

Ntụaka

,

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Winter-Irving (1995). Stone Sculpture in Zimbabwe. Roblaw Publishers, 210. ISBN 0908309147.
↑ Tom Blomefield, in the foreword to the catalogue (1993) for the exhibition "Talking Stones II"; ed.
↑ Leyten (1994). Tengenenge. Kasteel Groenveld, Baarn, Netherlands. ISBN 9074281052.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Monda. "Truth about Tengenenge: Part Two.…the village Bloemfield wanted to keep in the Dark Ages", The Patriot, 23 March 2016. Retrieved on 28 June 2020.
↑ Zilberg (2001). "Tengenenge". African Arts 34 (3). DOI:10.2307/3337882.
↑ Tengenenge Sculpture Village. ZimFieldGuide. Retrieved on 28 June 2020.
↑ Tengenenge Art Community Management Team (2013). Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved on 29 June 2020.
↑ Masakadza. "Tengenenge founder dies...Benhura salutes Tom Blomfield", dailynews, 10 April 2020. Retrieved on 30 June 2020.
↑ Zimoyo. "Bloomfield’s ashes to be buried at Tengenenge", The Herald, 2020-11-25. Retrieved on 2022-12-19.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

Harry Leyten. Tengenenge, Drukkerij Bakker/M. C. Escher Foundation, 1994,
Celia Winter-Irving. Ọkpụrụkpụ nka na ihe osise Tengenene, World Art Foundation, Eerbeek, Netherlands, 2001,
Celia Winter-Irving. Soottie nwamba na Tengenenge, Tengenenge (Pvt) Ltd, Graniteside, Harare, 2001,
Christine Scherer. Na-arụ ọrụ na Obere Ọdịiche: Ihe ndetu banyere Ime ihe ọkpụkpụ na Tengenenge, Zimbabwe, p. 180-206 na "African Art and Agency in the Workshop", Indiana University Press, 2013,
Tom Blomefield. Nkume bara ụba na Africa, mbipụta Kindle, Amazon media, 2016, ASIN B01MYVJXWP

Njikọ mpụga

Weebụsaịtị obodo Tengenenge Art

[Winter-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Winter-Irving (1995). Stone Sculpture in Zimbabwe. Roblaw Publishers, 210. ISBN 0908309147.

[2] Tom Blomefield, in the foreword to the catalogue (1993) for the exhibition "Talking Stones II"; ed.

[3] Leyten (1994). Tengenenge. Kasteel Groenveld, Baarn, Netherlands. ISBN 9074281052.

[Patriot-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Monda. "Truth about Tengenenge: Part Two.…the village Bloemfield wanted to keep in the Dark Ages", The Patriot, 23 March 2016. Retrieved on 28 June 2020.

[5] Zilberg (2001). "Tengenenge". African Arts 34 (3). DOI:10.2307/3337882.

[6] Tengenenge Sculpture Village. ZimFieldGuide. Retrieved on 28 June 2020.

[7] Tengenenge Art Community Management Team (2013). Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved on 29 June 2020.

[8] Masakadza. "Tengenenge founder dies...Benhura salutes Tom Blomfield", dailynews, 10 April 2020. Retrieved on 30 June 2020.

[9] Zimoyo. "Bloomfield’s ashes to be buried at Tengenenge", The Herald, 2020-11-25. Retrieved on 2022-12-19.

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