Oswald Spengler
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Jémanị |
| aha n'asụsụ obodo | Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler |
| aha enyere | Oswald |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Spengler |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 29 Mee 1880 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Blankenburg |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 8 Mee 1936 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | München |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | heart failure |
| Ebe olili | Nordfriedhof |
| Dị/nwunye | no value |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | German |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | German |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | historian, philosopher, sociologist, mathematician, odee akwụkwọ |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Humboldt University of Berlin, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich |
| ogo mmụta | doctorate |
| onye ndụmọdụ doctoral | Alois Riehl |
| Ọrụ ama ama | The Decline of the West |
| Ije | Conservative Revolution |
| onye nlereranya | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
| WikiProject na-elekọta ya | WikiProject Mathematics |
Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler ( [ˈɔsvalt ˈʃpɛŋlɐ]; 29 Mee 1880 - 8 Mee 1936) bụ onye German polymath, onye ebe ọ na-amasị gụnyere akụkọ ihe mere eme, nkà ihe ọmụma, mgbakọ na mwepụ, sayensị, na nka, yana mmekọrịta ha na akụkọ ihe mere mere eme ya. A maara ya nke ọma maka akwụkwọ ya abụọ The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes), nke e bipụtara na 1918 na 1922, na-ekpuchi akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ. Ihe nlereanya Spengler nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu na Ọdịbendị na Mmepeanya mmadụ yiri ihe ndị dị ndụ, nke ọ bụla nwere oge ndụ a kpaara ókè, nke a na-ahụ anya, na nke a na'ụzọ a kapịrị ọnụ.
Spengler buru amụma na n'ihe dị ka afọ 2000, mmepeanya ọdịda anyanwụ ga-abanye n'oge mberede tupu ọnwụ nke mgbochi ya ga-eduga na afọ 200 nke Caesarism (ike niile na-abụghị nke iwu nke ngalaba gọọmentị) tupu ọdịda ikpeazụ nke mmepeanya nke ọdịda anyanwụ.[1]
A na-ewere Spengler dị ka Onye Germany na-ahụ mba n'anya na onye na-akatọ republicanism, ọ bụkwa onye a ma ama na Weimar-era Conservative Revolution. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ tụụrụ Hitler vootu karịa Hindenburg na ntuli aka onye isi ala Germany nke 1932 na ndị Nazi lere ihe odide ya anya dị ka ụzọ isi nye "usoro ọmụmụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù" na echiche ha, Spengler mechara katọọ Nazism n'ihi oke agbụrụ ya, nke mere ka a nyochaa ya na ọrụ ya n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya. [2]Ọ hụrụ -" data-linkid="601" href="./Benito_Mussolini" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini, na ndị ọchụnta ego, dị ka onye na-egwupụta ihe n'ala Cecil Rhodes, dị ka ihe atụ nke Caesars na-abịanụ nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ - na-egosi nkatọ siri ike ya banyere njem Mussolini.[3][4]
Ndụ mbụ na ezinụlọ
dezieA amụrụ Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler na 29 Mee 1880 na Blankenburg, Duchy of Brunswick, German Empire, nwa kachasị okenye nke Bernhard Spengler (1844-1901) na Pauline Spengler (1940-1910), nke a mụrụ Grantzow, nwa nke ezinụlọ na-ese ihe. [7][8]A mụrụ nwanne Oswald nke okenye n'oge na 1879, mgbe nne ya nwara ịkwagharị nkata ịsa ákwà dị arọ, ma nwụọ mgbe ọ dị izu atọ. A mụrụ Oswald ọnwa iri mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nwụsịrị. [5]Ụmụnne ya nwanyị ndị ọ tọrọ bụ Adele (1881-1917), Gertrud (1882-1957), na Hildegard (1885-1942). [7]Nna nna Oswald, Theodor Spengler (1806-76), bụ onye nyocha ígwè (Hütteninspektor) na Altenbrak. [6]
Dị ka Spengler si kwuo, West ga-etinye ọtụtụ narị afọ na-esote na nke ikpeazụ nke ịdị adị ya n'ọnọdụ nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, mgbe onye ọchịchị aka ike ga-ejikọta ụmụ mmadụ niile n'ime otu nkwekọrịta na obi ụtọ, dị ka onye na-eduzi ya na-ejikọ ndị egwú n'ime nkwekọrịta.[7]
Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-adịbeghị anya dị ka Ishay Landa si kwuo, "Prussian socialism" nwere ụfọdụ àgwà nke isi obodo. [8]Spengler kwupụtara onwe ya na-emegide Ọgbaghara ọrụ (Spengler kọwara ha dị ka "ihe na-abụghị nke Marxism"), òtù ndị ọrụ ("ụgwọ ọrụ-Bolshevism" na okwu Spengler), ụtụ isi na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ ụtụ isi ọ bụla na ndị ọgaranya ("Bolshevivism kpọrọ nkụ"), mkpirisi ọ bụla nke ụbọchị ọrụ (ọ na-ekwu na ndị ọrụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ọbụna na Sọnde), yana ụdị mkpuchi gọọmentị ọ bụla maka ọrịa, agadi, ihe ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ enweghị ọrụ.[8]
Ọchịchị Ndị Nazi na Ọchịchị Aka ike
dezieSpengler nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na echiche ndị Nazi. O "nyere echiche ọkpụkpụ nke ndị Nazi" na mmalite nke ndị Nazi "ma nye ha pedigree a na-akwanyere ùgwù". [9]Akụkụ ndị dị mkpa nke ihe odide ya sonyere n'echiche nke Nazi Party.[9]
Nkatọ Spengler na-akatọ ndị Nazi Party ka Hitler ji kpọrọ ihe, Carl Deher kwenyekwara ya otuto maka ịkpali Hitler ime Night of the Long Knives nke e gburu Ernst Roehm na ndị isi ndị ọzọ nke SA. [9]N'afọ 1934, Spengler kwuru okwu olili ozu maka otu n'ime ndị Night of the Long Knives gburu ma laa ezumike nká n'afọ 1935 site na bọọdụ nke Nietzsche Archive nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu nke a na-ele anya dị ka mmegide megide ọchịchị ahụ.[23]
Spengler weere Okpukpe ndị Juu dị ka "ihe na-emebi emebi" (zersetzendes Element) nke na-eme ihe na-ebibi ihe "ebe ọ bụla ọ na-etinye aka" (wo es auch eingreift). N'echiche ya, a na-akọwa ndị Juu site na " ọgụgụ isi na-enweghị isi" (zynische Intelligenz) na "echiche ego" ha (Gelddenken). Ya mere, ha enweghị ike ime mgbanwe na ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ ma na-anọchite anya ndị mba ọzọ na Europe. Ọ kọwakwara na The Decline of the West na nke a bụ usoro a na-ekerịta na mmepeanya niile: Ọ na-ekwu otú ndị Juu oge ochie ga-esi hụ ndị Rom na-ekweghị na Chineke nke alaeze ukwu Rom dị ka ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-ahụ ndị Juu taa. Alexander Bein na-ekwu na site na njirimara ndị a, Spengler nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịmanye ụkpụrụ ndị Juu na mpaghara ndị Germany tupu Agha 2.
Spengler lere mmegide ndị Nazi na-emegide ndị Juu anya dị ka mmeri onwe onye, ma jiri aka ya were echiche agbụrụ na ọdịbendị. [9]N'akwụkwọ nke onwe ya, o kwuru banyere "otú anyaụfụ maka ikike nke ndị ọzọ n'ihi enweghị ya dị n'ime ihe na-emegide ndị Juu!", ma na-arụ ụka na "mgbe mmadụ ga-ahọrọ ibibi azụmahịa na agụmakwụkwọ karịa ịhụ ndị Juu na ha, otu bụ onye na-akụzi echiche, ya bụ, ihe ize ndụ maka mba ahụ.[22]
Ọrụ
dezieIhe odide
dezie- ↑ Holton (2000). Einstein, History, and Other Passions: The Rebellion Against Science at the End of the Twentieth Century (in en). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00433-7.
- ↑ Dreher. Sprengler and the Third Reich. VQR. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved on 7 February 2023.
- ↑ The Decline of the West, Alfred A. Knopf. Volume 1, page 37, Atkinson's Translation.
- ↑ Letters of Oswald Spengler page 305, Alfred A. Knopf, 1966, Translation Arthur Helps. Here Spengler is quite critical of Mussolini's involvement in Abyssinia, saying: "Mussolini has lost the calm statesmanlike superiority of his first years...".
- ↑ Koktanek, Anton Mirko, Oswald Spengler in seiner Zeit, Beck, 1968, p. 10
- ↑ Koktanek, Anton Mirko, Oswald Spengler in seiner Zeit. Beck, 1968, p. 3, 517
- ↑ Spengler, Oswald. Prussianism and Socialism. 1919. Translated by Donald O. White
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Landa (2012). The Apprentice's Sorcerer: Liberal Tradition and Fascism. Haymarket Books, 60–65.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Dreher. Spengler and the Third Reich. VQR. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved on 7 February 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
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