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Obere mbara ala

Obere mbara ala dị obere ihe dị na mbara ala nke dị na Usoro Anyanwụ nke na agba gburugburu anyanwụ, buru ibu nke ukwuu iji bụrụ nke gbara gburugburu, mana ezughị iji nweta ikike okirikiri dị ka mbara ala asatọ. Mbido mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ bụ Pluto, nke a na ewere dị ka mbara ala dị mma tupu ewebata echiche "dwarf" na agụmakwụkwọ na 2006.

Obere mbara ala

Mmasị nke mbara ala ndị dị mkpụmkpụ na ndị ọkà mmụta ala bụ na ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndị na arụ ọrụ na ala, atụmanya nke e gosipụtara na 2015 site na ọrụ Dawn na Ceres na ọrụ New Horizons na Pluto. Ndị na enyocha mbara igwe kwenyere n'ozuzu ha na ọ dịkarịa ala itoolu kachasị ukwuu bụ mbara ala ndị dị obere n'usoro siri ike, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, Ceres, na Orcus - ọ bụ ezie na enwere obi abụọ maka Orcus. N'ime itoolu ndị a tinyere onye nke iri kachasị ukwuu Salacia, ụgbọ mbara igwe eletawo abụọ (Pluto na Ceres) na ndị ọzọ asaa nwere ọ dịkarịa ala otu ọnwa a maara (Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Orcus, na Salacia), nke na enye ohere ka a chọpụta ịdị arọ ha ma si otú a chọpụta atụmatụ nke njupụta ha. A pụrụ itinye ịdị arọ na njupụta n'ime ụdị geophysical na mgbalị iji chọpụta ọdịdị nke ụwa ndị a. Naanị otu, Sedna, a na eletaghị ma ọ bụ nwee ọnwa ọ bụla a maara, na eme ka atụmatụ ziri ezi nke ịdị arọ sie ike. Ụfọdụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe na agụnye ọtụtụ obere ihe, mana enweghị nkwekọrịta na ndị a nwere ike ịbụ obere mbara ala.

Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka mbara ala bụ Alan Stern chepụtara okwu ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke nhazi ụzọ atọ nke ihe ndị dị na mbara ala na usoro anyanwụ: mbara ala oge ochie, mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ, na Mbara ala Satellite. N'ihi ya, a tụpụtara mbara ala ndị dị mkpụmkpụ dị ka otu ụdị mbara ala. Otú [1] dị, n'afọ 2006, International Astronomical Union (IAU) nabatara echiche ahụ dị ka otu ụdị ihe ndị dị na mbara ala, akụkụ nke ụzọ atọ nke ihe ndị na agba anyanwụ gburugburu: mbara ala, mbara ala ndị dị obere na obere ihe ndị dị n'usoro anyanwụ. [2] mere, Stern na ndị ọzọ na amụ banyere ala na ewere mbara ala dị obere na nnukwu satellites dị ka mbara ala, mana kemgbe afọ 2006, IAU na ikekwe ọtụtụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe ewepụla ha na ndepụta nke mbara ala.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche a

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Foto nke Pluto na ọnwa ya Charon
 
4 Vesta, asteroid nke bụbu obere mbara ala [3]

Malite na 1801, ndị na enyocha mbara igwe chọpụtara Ceres na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'etiti Mars na Jupiter nke a na ewere dị ka mbara ala ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. [4]'agbata mgbe ahụ na gburugburu 1851, mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbara ala ruru 23, ndị na enyocha mbara igwe malitere iji okwu Asteroid (site na Grik, nke pụtara 'dị ka kpakpando' ma ọ bụ 'dị ka mbara igwe') maka obere ihe ma malite ịmata ha dị ka Obere mbara ala karịa nnukwu mbara ala.

Site na nchọpụta nke Pluto na 1930, ọtụtụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe weere usoro anyanwụ ka ọ nwere nnukwu mbara ala itoolu, yana ọtụtụ puku obere ihe (Asteroids na Comets). Ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 50, a na eche na Pluto buru ibu karịa Mercury, [5] [6] mana site na nchọpụta na 1978 nke ọnwa Pluto bụ Charon, ọ bịara nwee ike ịlele ịdị arọ Pluto n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma chọpụta na ọ dị obere karịa atụmatụ mbụ. [7]  Ọ bụ ihe dịka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri abụọ nke ịdị arọ nke Mercury, nke mere ka Pluto bụrụ mbara ala kacha nta. [8] bụ ezie na ọ ka dị ihe karịrị okpukpu iri karịa ihe kachasị ukwuu na belt asteroid, Ceres, ọ nwere naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ịdị arọ nke Ọnwa ụwa. [9], inwe ụfọdụ njirimara ndị a na adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka nnukwu eccentricity orbital na nnukwu inclination orbital, ọ bịara doo anya na ọ bụ ụdị ihe dị iche na nke ọ bụla n'ime mbara ala ndị ọzọ.

[10]'afọ ndị 1990, ndị na enyocha mbara igwe malitere ịchọta ihe n'otu mpaghara nke mbara igwe dị ka Pluto (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka belt Kuiper), na ụfọdụ ọbụna karịa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a nwekọrọ ọtụtụ njirimara okirikiri nke Pluto, a malitekwara ịhụ Pluto dị ka onye kachasị ukwuu n'ime klas ọhụrụ nke ihe, plutinos. [11] doro anya na ma ọ bụ nke ka ukwuu n'ime ihe ndị a ga abụkwa nke a ga ekewa dị ka mbara ala, ma ọ bụ Pluto ga-agbanwe, dịka Ceres ka a gbanwere mgbe a chọtara asteroids ndị ọzọ.Nke a mere ka ụfọdụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe kwụsị ịkpọ Pluto dị ka mbara ala. [12][13] malitere iji ọtụtụ okwu, gụnyere subplanet na planetoid, mee ihe maka ihe ndị a maara ugbu a dị ka obere mbara ala. Ndị [14]-enyocha mbara igwe nwekwara obi ike na a ga achọpụta ihe ndị ọzọ buru ibu dị ka Pluto, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbara ala ga amalite ito ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na Pluto nọgide na ahazi ya dị ka mbara ala.

A chọpụtara Eris (nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka 2003 UB313) na Jenụwarị 2005; [15] a na-eche na ọ dị ntakịrị karịa Pluto, ụfọdụ akụkọ na ezo aka na ya dị ka Mbara ala nke iri. [16] [17]'ihi ya, okwu ahụ ghọrọ okwu arụmụka siri ike n'oge Nzukọ Ezumezu IAU n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2006. Atụmatụ mbụ nke IAU gụnyere Charon, Eris, na Ceres na ndepụta nke mbara ala. Mgbe ọtụtụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe jụrụ atụmatụ a, ndị na ahụ maka mbara igwe na Uruguay Julio Ángel Fernández na Gonzalo Tancredi chepụtara ihe ọzọ: Ha tụrụ aro maka ihe ndị buru ibu iji bụrụ gburugburu mana nke ahụ emeghị ka ha kpochapụ usoro ha nke planetesimals. [18] wezụga iwepụ Charon na ndepụta ahụ, atụmatụ ọhụrụ ahụ wepụrụ Pluto, Ceres, na Eris, n'ihi na ha ewepụbeghị usoro ha.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na enwe nchegbu banyere nkewa nke mbara ala ndị na agba kpakpando ndị ọzọ gburugburu, [19] a naghị edozi nsogbu ahụ; a tụụrụ ya aro ka e kpebie nke a naanị mgbe a malitere ịhụ ihe ndị dị ka mbara ala. [18]

[20]'oge na adịghị anya mgbe nkọwa IAU nke obere mbara ala gasịrị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gosipụtara enweghị nkwekọrịta ha na mkpebi IAU. Mgbasa ozi gụnyere mkpado ụgbọ ala [21] T-shirts. [22]Mike Brown (onye chọpụtara Eris) kwenyere na mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mbara ala ruo asatọ.

[23] kwupụtara na 2006 na ọ ga eji ntuziaka ọhụrụ nke IAU guzobere. [24]Alan Stern, onye nduzi nke Ọrụ NASA na Pluto, jụrụ nkọwa IAU nke mbara ala ugbu a, ma n'ihe gbasara ịkọwa mbara ala dị mkpirikpi dị ka ihe ọzọ karịa ụdị mbara ala, yana iji njirimara okirikiri (kama njirimara intrinsic) nke ihe iji kọwaa ha dị ka mbara ala dị obere. [25][26] mere, na 2011, ọ ka na ezo aka na Pluto dị ka mbara ala, [1] ma nabata mbara ala ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ obere dị ka Ceres na Eris, yana ọnwa ndị buru ibu, dị ka mbara igwe ndị ọzọ. [2] afọ tupu nkọwa IAU, o jiri njirimara orbital kewaa "überplanets" (nke kachasị asatọ) site na "unterplanets" ("planets ndị dị obere), na atụle ụdị "planets" abụọ ahụ.

Aha ya

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Ihe osise Euler na-egosi echiche nke IAU Executive Committee nke ụdị ihe dị na usoro anyanwụ (ma e wezụga anyanwụ)

Aha maka nnukwu ihe ndị dị n'okpuru mbara ala gụnyere obere mbara ala, planetoid (okwu zuru oke), Meso-planet (nke a na eji eme ihe maka nha dị n'etiti Mercury na Ceres), ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbara ala na (n'ógbè transneptunian) plutoid. Otú ọ dị, e chepụtara mbara ala dwarf dị ka okwu maka mbara ala ndị kasị nta, ọ bụghị nnukwu mbara ala, ọtụtụ ndị na enyocha mbara igwe ka na ejikwa ya eme ihe n'ụzọ ahụ.

Alan Stern chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ dwarf planet, nke yiri okwu ahụ bụ Dwarf Star, dị ka akụkụ nke nhazi okpukpu atọ nke mbara ala, ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya na aga n'ihu na ekewa mbara ala dị ka klas nke mbara ala. IAU kpebiri na a gaghị ele mbara ala ndị dị obere anya dị ka mbara ala, mana ha debere okwu Stern maka ha. Okwu ndị ọzọ maka nkọwa IAU nke nnukwu ihe ndị dị n'okpuru mbara ala nke na enweghị nkọwa ma ọ bụ ojiji na emegiderịta onwe ha gụnyere quasi planet [27] na okwu ochie planetoid ("inwe ọdịdị nke mbara ala"). [28] [29]Michael E. Brown kwuru na planetoid bụ "okwu zuru oke" nke ejirila mee ihe maka ihe ndị a ruo ọtụtụ afọ, nakwa na ojiji nke okwu dwarf planet maka ihe na abụghị mbara ala bụ "dumb", mana na ọ bụ mgbalị nke IAU division III plenary session iji weghachite Pluto dị ka mbara ala na mkpebi nke abụọ. [1][30][31]'ezie, atụmatụ nke Mkpebi 5A kpọrọ ihe ndị a dị n'etiti planetoids, [1] [2] mana nnọkọ zuru ezu ji otu olu tie vootu iji gbanwee aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ mbara ala, dị mkpụmkpụ. [3] Mkpebi nke abụọ, 5B, kọwara mbara ala ndị dị obere dị ka ụdị mbara ala, dị ka Stern bu n'obi na mbụ, dị iche na asatọ ndị ọzọ a ga akpọ "planets ochie". N'okpuru ndokwa a, a ga echekwa mbara ala iri na abụọ nke atụmatụ a jụrụ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala asatọ na mbara ala anọ dị mkpụmkpụ. [29] meriri mkpebi 5B n'otu nnọkọ ahụ e mere 5A. [32]'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta nke mbara ala dị mkpirikpi na abụghị mbara ala n'ihi ọdịda nke Resolution 5B, a tụlere okwu ndị ọzọ dị ka Nanoplanet na subplanet, mana enweghị nkwekọ n'etiti CSBN iji gbanwee ya.

N'ọtụtụ asụsụ, e mepụtara okwu ndị yiri ya site na ịsụgharị mbara ala dwarf karịa ma ọ bụ karịa n'ụzọ nkịtị: French planète naine, Spanish planeta enano, German Zwergplanet, Russian karlikovaya planeta (karlic planet), Arabic kaukab qazm (كوكب قزم), Chinese ǎixíngxīng (矮行星), Korean waesohangseong (Wesohangsoong) ma ọ bụ waehangseong (Lishishish-Chipeni), mana n'asụsụ Japanese a na akpọ ha "planets" (Cost).

IAU Resolution 6a nke 2006 [33] ghọtara Pluto dị ka "ihe nlereanya nke ụdị ọhụrụ nke ihe trans-Neptunian". [1] kọwaghị aha na ọdịdị ziri ezi nke ụdị a mana hapụrụ IAU ka ọ guzobe n'oge ọzọ; na arụmụka na eduga na mkpebi ahụ, a na akpọ ndị otu ahụ dị ka 'pluton' na ihe plutonian mana ọ dịghị aha ọ bụla ka a na aga n'ihu, ikekwe n'ihi mmegide sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ala na nke a ga akpata mgbagwoju anya na pluton ha.

[34] June 11, 2008, Kọmitii Nchịkwa IAU kwupụtara okwu ọhụrụ, plutoid, na nkọwa: mbara ala niile dị obere na agafe Neptune bụ plutoids. Ngalaba ndị ọzọ nke IAU ajụla okwu ahụ:   Ụdị nke 'plutoid' weghaara ihe dị iche na mbụ n'etiti 'terrestrial dwarf' Ceres na 'ice dwarfs' nke sistemụ mbara igwe dị n'èzí, akụkụ nke echiche nke akụkụ atọ nke sistemụ anyanwụ n'ime mbara ala dị n'ime, ndị dike gas na etiti. dwarfs dị n'èzí, nke Pluto bụ onye isi. 'Ice dwarf' hụkwara ụfọdụ eji dị ka nche anwụ okwu maka niile trans-Neptunian obere mbara ala, ma ọ bụ maka ice asteroids nke mpụta anyanwụ System; Otu nwara nkọwa bụ na ice dwarf "bụ ibu karịa nucleus nke a nkịtị comet na icier karịa a ahụkarị asteroid."

Kemgbe ọrụ Dawn, a ghọtara na Ceres bụ ihe na-ajụ oyi nke yiri ọnwa ndị na ajụ ice nke mbara ala ndị dị n'èzí na TNOs dị ka Pluto karịa ka ọ dị na mbara ala ndị nọ n'ụwa, na-eme ka ọdịiche ahụ ghara ịdị, [35] [36] ma kemgbe a na akpọ Ceres ice dwarf. [37]

Ihe ndị e ji mara

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Ndị na-eme ihe gbasara mbara ala[38]
Ahụ Templeeti:Sfrac Templeeti:Sup Λ [‡] μ [§] Π [#]
Mercury 0.055 ×.95×103 ×.1×104 ×.3×102
Venus 0.815 ×.66×105 ×.35×106 ×.5×102
Ụwa 1 ×.53×105 ×.7×106 ×.1×102
Mars 0.107 ×.42×102 ×.8×105 ×.4×101
Ceres 0.00016 ×.32×10−4 0.33 ×.0×10−2
Jupiter 317.7 ×.30×109 ×.25×105 ×.0×104
Saturn 95.2 ×.68×107 ×.9×105 ×.1×103
Uranus 14.5 ×.85×105 ×.9×104 ×.2×102
Neptune 17.1 ×.73×105 4×.4×104 ×.0×102
Pluto 0.0022 ×.95×10−3 0.077 ×.8×10−2
Eris 0.0028 ×.13×10−3 0.10 ×.0×10−2
Sedna 0.0002 ×.64×10−7  < 0.07[lower-alpha 2] ×.6×10−4
Ndị na-akọwa mbara ala nke mbara ala (acha ọcha), na nke mbara ala dwarf kachasị ukwuu a maara (na-acha odo odo) na ndị ọ bụla na-agba gburugburu (asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, diski gbasasịrị agbasa, sednoids). Ihe ndị ọzọ a maara n'etiti ndị a nwere obere ihe na-eme ka ndị mmadụ mara karịa nke egosiri.
[†] Mass na MEarth, unit nke mass hà ka nke MỤwa (5.97 × 1024 kg).

( Templeeti:Math ).

[‡] a about="#mwt317" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":" a "}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAdI" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">a about="#m" class="texhtml" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"math","href":"./Template:Math"},"params":{"1":{"wt":" Λ "}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAcY" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Λ bụ ikike iji kpochapụ agbata obi (karịa 1 maka mbara ala) site na Stern & Levison (2002): [1] Λ = k m2 a− + 3 /2, ebe k = 0.0043 maka m na nkeji nke yottagrams (10 metric tọn) na a na nkeji nke mbara igwe (AU), ebe a bụ ọkara isi axis nke ahụ. [2]

 

[§] [38]M" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":" m "}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAd0" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">m" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":" µ "}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAds" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">μ bụ onye na-ahụ maka mbara ala nke Soter, nke ọ na-ahụ karịa 100 maka mbara ala. Templeeti:Math, ebe m bụ ịdị arọ nke ahụ, na M bụ ngụkọta nke ihe niile na-anọ na mpaghara ya.
[#] [39]Π bụ ikike iji kpochapụ agbata obi (karịa 1 maka mbara ala) site na Margot. Π = k m a ± 9/8, ebe Templeeti:Math maka nkeji nke ịdị arọ nke ụwa na AU.

Ụdị mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ sitere na esemokwu dị n'etiti echiche dị ike na nke ala banyere ihe echiche bara uru nke mbara ala ga abụ. N'ihe gbasara ike nke usoro anyanwụ, nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ndị na achịkwa agbata obi ha (Mercury site na Neptune) na ndị na adịghị (dị ka asteroids na Kuiper belt objects). Ihe dị n'eluigwe nwere ike ịnwe ọdịdị ala dị ike (planetary) na ihe dịka oke achọrọ maka mkpuchi ya ka ọ bụrụ plastik n'okpuru ịdị arọ ya, nke na eme ka ahụ nweta ọdịdị gburugburu. N'ihi na nke a chọrọ ịdị arọ dị ala karịa ikike ndọda na achịkwa mpaghara nke mbara igwe dị nso na usoro ha, enwere ọtụtụ ihe buru ibu iji nwee ọdịdị ụwa na ọdịdị mbara ala, mana ọ bụghị oke iji kpochapụ agbata obi ha. Ihe atụ [40] Ceres na belt asteroid na Pluto na belt Kuiper.

[41] [42]-ahụ maka ihe ndị na eme n'ike na-ahọrọ iji ikike ndọda dị ka ọnụ ụzọ maka planethood, n'ihi na site n'echiche ha, obere ihe na ndị agbata obi ha na ejikọta nke ọma, dịka Ceres dị ka nnukwu asteroid na Pluto dị ka nnukwu ihe Kuiper belt. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ahọrọ okirikiri dị ka ọnụ ụzọ, n'ihi na site n'echiche ha, ọdịdị ala nke ihe dị ka Ceres na eme ka ọ dị ka mbara ala dị ka Mars, karịa obere asteroid nke na enweghị ọdịdị ala. Nke [40] mere ka e mepụta ụdị mbara ala ndị dị obere iji kọwaa klas a dị n'etiti.

Ọchịchị Orbital

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Stern & Levison (2000) webatara parameter Λ (elu okwu lambda), na egosipụta ohere nke izute na akpata ntụgharị nke orbit. Uru nke parameter a na ihe nlereanya Stern kwekọrọ na square nke oke ahụ ma kwekọọ na oge ahụ. Enwere ike iji uru a mee atụmatụ ikike nke ihe iji kpochapụ agbata obi nke orbit ya, ebe Λ > 1 ga-emecha kpochapụ ya. [38] chọtara oghere nke usoro ise nke ịdị ukwuu na Λ n'etiti obere Mbara ala na nnukwu asteroids na ihe Kuiper belt.

N'iji paramita a, Soter na ndị ọzọ na enyocha mbara igwe rụrụ ụka maka ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala dwarf dabere na enweghị ike nke ikpeazụ iji "kpochapụ agbata obi gburugburu ha": mbara ala na enwe ike iwepụ obere ozu n'akụkụ ha site na nkukota, ijide, ma ọ bụ nsogbu ndọda (ma ọ bụ guzobe resonances orbital nke na egbochi nkukota), ebe mbara ala dwarf enweghị oke ime ya. Soter gara n'ihu wepụta usoro ọ kpọrọ ịkpa oke mbara ala, nke ejiri akara µ (mu), nke na anọchite anya nnwale nnwale nke ogo ịdị ọcha nke mpaghara orbital (ebe a na agbakọ µ site n'ikewa oke nke ahụ onye nyocha). site mkpokọta uka nke ihe ndị ọzọ na ekere òkè ya orbital zone), ebe Àtụ:Math e deemed to be cleared.

Jean-Luc Margot nụchara echiche Stern na Levison iji mepụta ihe yiri nke ahụ Π (okwu elu Pi). [39] Λ.  dabeere na nchepụta, na ezere data nke Λ ji mee ihe. Templeeti:Math na egosi mbara ala, na enwere ọzọ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọtụtụ usoro nke ịdị ukwuu n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala ndị dị obere.

E nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ na anwa ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala ndị dị obere, [20] mana nkọwa 2006 na eji echiche a. [1]

Nkwado mmiri

dezie

Templeeti:Image frameMmetụta zuru oke n'ime, nke ikike ndọda ahụ kpatara, ga agbanwe plastik ahụ, na plasticity zuru oke ga eme ka elu dị elu banye na oghere jupụta, usoro a maara dị ka ntụsara ike ndọda. Ihe ndị dị obere karịa kilomita ole na ole na achịkwa ike ndọda ma na enwekarị ọdịdị na adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịbụ mkpokọta mkpọmkpọ. Ihe ndị buru ibu, ebe ikike ndọda dị ịrịba ama ma ọ bụghị nke kachasị, nwere ọdịdị poteto; ka ahụ buru ibu, ka nrụgide dị n'ime ya dị elu, ka ọ siri ike karị ma gbaa gburugburu ọdịdị ya, ruo mgbe nrụgide zuru ezu iji merie ike ya ma nweta nguzozi hydrostatic. Mgbe ahụ, ahụ dị gburugburu dị ka o kwere omume, n'ihi ntụgharị ya na mmetụta ya, ọ bụkwa ellipsoid n'ọdịdị. Nke bụ njedebe na akọwa nke obere mbara ala.

Ọ bụrụ na ihe nọ na nguzozi hydrostatic, mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ n'elu ya ga eme ka otu ọdịdị ahụ dị ka ahụ, ma e wezụga obere ihe ndị dị n'elu dị ka craters na fissures. Ahụ ga enwe ọdịdị okirikiri ma ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị agbagharị na ellipsoidal ma ọ bụrụ. Ka ọ na agbagharị ngwa ngwa, otú ahụ ka ọ na aghọwanye oblate ma ọ bụ ọbụna scalene. Ọ bụrụ na a na eme ka ihe dị otú ahụ na agbagharị dị ọkụ ruo mgbe ọ gbazee, ọdịdị ya agaghị agbanwe. Ihe atụ kachasị njọ nke ihe nwere ike ịbụ scalene n'ihi ntụgharị ngwa ngwa bụ Haumea, nke dị okpukpu abụọ karịa ogologo ya dị ka ọ dị na poles. Ọ bụrụ na ahụ nwere nnukwu enyi dị nso, mgbe ahụ, ike mmiri na eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na ebelata ntụgharị ya ruo mgbe ọ na emechi; ya bụ, ọ na enye otu ihu ahụ mgbe niile na enyi ya. Ozu ndị e mechiri emechi na mmiri na abụkwa scalene, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ bụ ntakịrị. Ọnwa nke ụwa na emechi, dị ka satellites niile gbara gburugburu nke nnukwu gas. Pluto na Charon na ejikọta ibe ha, dị ka Eris na Dysnomia, ma eleghị anya Orcus na Vanth.

Enweghị oke ma ọ bụ oke nke mbara ala ndị dị obere, ebe ọ bụ na ndị ahụ anaghị akọwapụta ihe ndị dị. Enweghị oke elu doro anya: ihe dị anya na usoro anyanwụ nke buru ibu karịa Mercury nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe oge iji kpochapụ ndị agbata obi ya; ihe dị otú ahụ ga adaba na nkọwa nke mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ karịa mbara ala. 'ezie, Mike Brown malitere ịchọta ihe dị otú ahụ. A na ekpebi njedebe dị ala site na ihe achọrọ iji nweta ma jigide nguzozi hydrostatic, mana nha ma ọ bụ ịdị arọ nke ihe na enweta ma na ejigide nguzoji ma dabere na ihe mejupụtara ya na akụkọ okpomọkụ ya, ọ bụghị naanị ịdị arọ ya. [1] Ngalaba ajụjụ na azịza IAU mere atụmatụ na ihe ndị nwere oke karịrị 0.5 × 1021 kg na radius karịrị 400 km<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAjw"> </span> ga anọ na nguzozi mmiri (ọdịdị ... ga ekpebi site na ikike onwe ya), mana na ikpe niile ga ekpeba. [43] Nke [44] dị nso na ihe ka ọ dị na 2019 ka a kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe dị ka njedebe maka ihe ndị karịrị Neptune nke zuru oke, ihe siri ike, na Salacia (r = 423±11 km, Templeeti:Mvar = Templeeti:Val ) bụ ihe dị n'ókè maka atụmanya 2006 Q&A na nyocha ndị ọzọ na adịbeghị anya, yana Orcus dị n'elu oke a tụrụ anya ya. Enweghị ihe ọzọ nwere oke a tụrụ anya ya dị nso na oke a tụrụ aro ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị na-enweghị oke a tụrụ atụ na eru nso na oke oke a tụrụ.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbara ala ndị dị obere

dezie
 
Ihe osise nke nha, albedos, na agba nke ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị ukwuu trans-Neptunian

Templeeti:TNO imagemapEnweghị nkọwa doro anya banyere ihe mejupụtara mbara ala dị mkpirikpi, na ma ịhazi ihe dị ka mmadụ dị n'aka ndị na enyocha mbara igwe. Ya mere, a maghị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbara ala ndị dị obere na usoro anyanwụ.

Ihe atọ a na atụle n'oge arụmụka na eduga na 2006 IAU nabatara ụdị mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ - Ceres, Pluto na Eris - n'ozuzu ha nabatara dị ka mbara ala dị obere, gụnyere ndị na enyocha mbara igwe na aga n'ihu na ekewa mbara ala dị ka mbara igwe. [45] otu n'ime ha - Pluto - ka a hụla n'ụzọ zuru ezu iji chọpụta na ọdịdị ya ugbu a dabara na ihe a ga atụ anya ya site na nguzozi mmiri. Ceres [46] nso na nguzozi, mana ụfọdụ nsogbu ike ndọda ka na enweghị nkọwa. A na ewere Eris dị ka mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ n'ihi na ọ buru ibu karịa Pluto.

N'usoro nchọpụta, ahụ atọ a bụ:

  1. [46]Ceres - chọpụtara na Jenụwarị 1, 1801 ma kwupụta Jenụwarụwarị 24, afọ 45 tupu Neptune. A na ewere ya dị ka mbara ala ruo ọkara narị afọ tupu a gbanwee ya dị ka asteroid. IAU weere ya dị ka obere mbara ala kemgbe a nabatara Resolution 5A na August 24, 2006. A na echere nkwenye.  
  2. [47]Pluto - chọpụtara na February 18, 1930 ma kwupụta na March 13. A na ewere ya dị ka mbara ala ruo afọ 76. N'ụzọ doro anya, IAU weputara ya dika obere mbara ala na mkpebi 6A na August 24, 2006. [1] Afọ ise a ma ama.   
  3. Eris (2003 UB313) - chọpụtara na Jenụwarị 5, 2005 ma kwupụta na Julaị 29. A na akpọ ya "planet nke iri" na akụkọ mgbasa ozi. IAU weere ya dị ka obere mbara ala kemgbe a nabatara mkpebi 5A na August 24, 2006, ma kọmitii aha obere Mbara ala nke iri kpọrọ ya aha na September 13 nke afọ ahụ. Otu ọnwa a maara. 

IAU guzobere ntuziaka nke kọmitii [34]-ahụ maka aha nke mbara ala ndị dị obere: ihe ọ bụla a na akpọghị aha trans-Neptunian nke nwere oke ọkụ karịa +1 (ya mere, obere dayameta nke 838 km na oke geometric albedo nke 1) [48] ga akpọ aha site na kọmitii jikọtara ọnụ nke mejupụtara Minor Planet Center na ìgwè ọrụ mbara ala nke IAU.  N'oge ahụ (ma ka na erule 2023), naanị ndị ruru eru a bụ Haumea na Makemake. [49][50] na ewere ihe ndị a dị ka mbara ala ndị dị obere, ọ bụ ezie na egosighi na ha nọ na nguzozi mmiri, ma enwere ụfọdụ nghọtahie maka Haumea:Templeeti:Ordered listIhe ise [51] - atọ a na atụle na 2006 (Pluto, Ceres na Eris) gbakwunyere abụọ a kpọrọ aha na 2008 (Haumea na Makemake) - a na egosikarị dị ka mbara ala ndị dị obere nke usoro anyanwụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe na egbochi (albedo) abụghị ihe na-akọwa ihe dị ka mbara igwe dị obere.

Ndị [52]-enyocha mbara igwe na ezo aka na TNOs ndị ọzọ buru ibu dị ka mbara ala ndị dị obere. Ọ dịkarịa ala ihe anọ ọzọ na emezu ụkpụrụ mbụ nke Brown, nke Tancredi et al., na nke Grundy et al. maka ịchọpụta mbara ala ndị dị obere, ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe na akpọkwa ha mbara ala ndị pere mpe:Templeeti:Ordered listDịka ọmụmaatụ, JPL / NASA kpọrọ Gonggong obere mbara ala mgbe ọ chọpụtara na 2016, [53] na Simon Porter nke Southwest Research Institute kwuru banyere "nnukwu mbara ala asatọ [TNO] obere" na 2018, na ezo aka na Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna na Orcus. [54] IAU [55]'onwe ya akpọwo Quaoar obere mbara ala na akụkọ kwa afọ 2022-2023.

[56] tụwo aro ndị ọzọ, dị ka Salacia na 2002 MS4 site na Brown, Varuna na Ixion site na Tancredi et al., na 2013 FY27 site na Sheppard et al. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị buru ibu nwere ọnwa, nke na eme ka a chọpụta ịdị arọ ha ma si otú a nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, nke na'eme atụmatụ ma ha nwere ike ịbụ obere mbara ala. TNO ndị kachasị ukwuu a na amaghị na ha nwere ọnwa bụ Sedna, 2002 MS4, 2002 AW197 na Ixion. Karịsịa, Salacia nwere oke na dayameta a maara nke ọma na etinye ya dị ka ikpe dị n'ókè site na ajụjụ na azịza IAU nke afọ 2006.

[57]'oge a kpọrọ Makemake na Haumea aha, a na-ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity">- na ihe ndị trans-Neptunian (TNOs) nwere ice ga achọ naanị ihe dị ka kilomita 400 (250 mi), ma ọ bụ 3% nke nha ụwa - nha ọnwa Mimas, ọnwa kachasị nta nke gbara gburugburu, na Proteus, nke kachasị ukwuu nke na abụghị - iji zuru ike n'ime nguzozi ike ndọda.       Ndị -eme nchọpụta chere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ka 200 na belt Kuiper, na ọtụtụ puku ndị ọzọ karịa. [57] Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara ya (ịnọgide na ndepụta nke 'planets' na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezi uche dị na ya) na e weghachiri Pluto na mbụ. Nnyocha kemgbe ahụ emeela ka obi abụọ dịrị na echiche ahụ bụ na ihe ndị dị obere nwere ike iru ma ọ bụ nọgide na enwe nguzozi n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke Kuiper belt na karịa.

Ndị na enyocha mbara igwe n'otu n'otu amatala ọtụtụ ihe dị ka mbara ala ndị dị obere ma ọ bụ dị ka ha ga abụ mbara ala ndị pere mpe. N'afọ 2008, Tancredi et al. dụrụ IAU ọdụ ka ha nabata Orcus, Sedna na Quaoar dị ka mbara ala ndị dị obere (a maghị Gonggong), ọ bụ ezie na IAU emeghị okwu ahụ n'oge ahụ ma ọ bụghị kemgbe ahụ. [58] tụlekwara TNOs ise Varuna, Ixion, 2003 AZ84, 2004 GV9, na 2002 AW197 ka ha bụrụkwa mbara ala ndị dị obere. [59] afọ 2011, Brown edebewo ndepụta nke ọtụtụ narị ihe, site na "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe doro anya" ruo "ihe nwere ike" obere mbara ala, dabere naanị na nha e mere atụmatụ. ọ na erule 13 Septemba 2019, ndepụta Brown na-akọwa ihe iri trans-Neptunian nwere obosara nke e chere na ọ karịrị 900 km (nke anọ IAU kpọrọ aha tinyere Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, 2002 MS4 na Salacia) dị ka "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ" ka ọ bụrụ obere mbara ala, na ndị ọzọ 16, nke nwere obosata karịa 600 km, dị ka "nke nwere ike ịbụ".   N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, Gonggong nwere ike ịnwe obosara buru ibu (1230±50 km) karịa ọnwa gbara gburugburu nke Pluto bụ Charon (1212 km). 

Mana n'afọ 2019 Grundy et al. tụrụ aro, dabere na ọmụmụ ha banyere Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà, na ihe gbara ọchịchịrị, nke dị ala karịa ihe dị ka 900-1000 kilomita n'obosara, dị ka Salacia na Varda, adaghị kpamkpam n'ime ihe ndị siri ike nke mbara ala ma na ejigide oghere dị n'ime site na mmepụta ha (n'ọnọdụ ahụ ha enweghị ike ịbụ obere mbara ala).  Ha na-anabata na Orcus na Quaoar na-egbuke egbuke (albedo > ≈0.2) ma ọ bụ na-eguzogide (> ≈1.4 g/cc) ma eleghị anya siri ike: [44]   E mechara chọpụta na Salacia nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu, nke a pụrụ iji tụnyere nke Orcus, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka nwere oke ọchịchịrị. [60]'agbanyeghị mkpebi siri ike a, Grundy et al. na akpọ ya "nke dị ka mbara ala", mgbe ọ na akpọ Orcus mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ. Nnyocha ndị [61] mere mgbe e mesịrị na Varda na atụ aro na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya nwekwara ike ịdị elu, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ike iwepu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala.

N'afọ 2023, Emery et al. dere na spectroscopy nke James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) na 2022 na atụ aro na Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar nwere agbaze n'ime, ọdịiche, na mgbanwe kemịkal, dị ka nnukwu mbara ala Pluto, Eris, Haumea, na Makemake, mana n'adịghị ka "obere KBOs niile". Nke a bụ n'ihi na hydrocarbons dị n'elu ha (dịka ethane, acetylene, na ethylene), nke na egosi na a na-aga n'ihu na-enyeghachi methane, nakwa na methane ga esi na geochemistry dị n'ime. N'aka nke ọzọ, elu Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar nwere obere CO na CO2, yiri Pluto, Eris, na Makemake, mana n'adịghị ka obere ahụ. Nke na-egosi na ọnụ ụzọ maka obere planethood na mpaghara trans-Neptunian dị ihe dị ka 1000 km n'obosara (ya mere gụnyere naanị Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar), nakwa na ọbụna Orcus na Salacia nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ obere mbara ala.  [62] 2023 nke 2002 MS4 na egosi na o nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nwere nnukwu oghere, nke omimi ya na ewe 5.7% nke dayameta ya: nke a buru ibu karịa oghere Rheasilvia na Vesta, nke bụ ihe mere na a naghị ele Vesta anya dị ka obere mbara ala taa.

O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ mbara ala ndị dị obere

dezie

Ihe trans-Neptunian dị na tebụl ndị a, ma e wezụga Orcus na Salacia, Brown, Tancredi et al., Grundy et al., na Emery et al. kwenyere na ha nwere ike ịbụ mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ, ma ọ bụ dị nso na ya. A gụnyere Orcus na Salacia dị ka TNOs kachasị ukwuu nke a na ekwenyeghị na ha bụ mbara ala ndị dị obere; ha bụ ihe ndị dị n'ókè site n'ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ. Charon, ọnwa nke Pluto nke IAU chepụtara dị ka obere mbara ala na 2006, gụnyere maka ntụnyere. Ihe ndị ahụ nwere oke oke karịa +1, wee zute ọnụ ụzọ nke kọmitii aha mbara ala- mbara ala nke IAU, na egosipụta, dị ka Ceres, nke IAU chere na ọ bụ obere mbara ala kemgbe ha rụrịtara ụka banyere echiche ahụ.

A na edepụta ịdị arọ nke mbara ala ndị dị obere maka usoro ha (ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere satellites) ma e wezụga Pluto na Orcus.

Àgwà ndị na-agba gburugburu
Aha ya Ógbè nke Usoro Anyanwụ
 Orbital radius (AU)
Oge okirikiri (afọ)
Nkezi ọsọ okirikiri (km/s)
Mmetụta nke ecliptic<br id="mwA1A"> Orbital eccentricity<br id="mwA1M"> Onye na-akpa ókè mbara ala<br id="mwA1Y">
Ceres Asteroid belt 2.768 4.604 17.90 10.59° 0.079 0.3
Orcus Kuiper belt (na-ada ụda - 2:3) 39.40 247.3 4.75 20.58° 0.220 0.003
Pluto Kuiper belt (na-ada ụda - 2:3) 39.48 247.9 4.74 17.16° 0.249 0.08
Salacia Kuiper belt (cubewano) 42.18 274.0 4.57 23.92° 0.106 0.003
Haumea Kuiper belt (na-ada ụda - 12:7) 43.22 284.1 4.53 28.19° 0.191 0.02
Quaoar Kuiper belt (cubewano) 43.69 288.8 4.51 7.99° 0.040 0.007
Ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe Kuiper belt (cubewano) 45.56 307.5 4.41 28.98° 0.158 0.02
Gonggong Diski gbasasịrị agbasa (resonant - 3:10) 67.49 554.4 3.63 30.74° 0.503 0.01
Eris Diski gbasasịrị 67.86 559.1 3.62 44.04° 0.441 0.1
Sedna Ndị a tọhapụrụ 506.8 ≈ 11,400  ≈ 1.3  11.93° 0.855 < 0.07
Other attributes
Name Diameter

relative to

the Moon 		Diameter

(km) 		Mass

relative to

the Moon 		Mass

(Templeeti:E kg) 		Density

(g/cm3) 		Rotation <br id="mwA-k"><br> period

(hours) 		Moons Albedo H
Ceres 27% Templeeti:Val 1.3% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val 0 Templeeti:Val 3.33
Templeeti:Dp 26% Templeeti:Val 0.8% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val 1 Templeeti:Val 2.19
Pluto 68% Templeeti:Val 17.7% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |6d 9.3h 5 data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |Templeeti:Val −0.45
(Charon) 35% Templeeti:Val 2.2% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |6d 9.3h – data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |Templeeti:Val 1
Templeeti:Dp 24% Templeeti:Val 0.7% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val 1 0.04 4.27
Templeeti:Dp ≈ 45% data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |≈ 1560[49] 5.5% Templeeti:Val data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |≈ 2.02[49] Templeeti:Val 2 data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |≈ 0.66 0.23
Templeeti:Dp 32% Templeeti:Val 1.9% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val 1 Templeeti:Val 2.42
Makemake 41% Templeeti:Val ≈ 4.2% data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |≈ 3.1 Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val 1 Templeeti:Val −0.20
Gonggong 35% Templeeti:Val 2.4% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val? 1 Templeeti:Val 1.86
Eris 67% Templeeti:Val 22.4% Templeeti:Val Templeeti:Val data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |15d 18.9h 1 Templeeti:Val −1.21
Templeeti:Dp 26% Templeeti:Val ≈ 1%? data-sort-value="Templeeti:Val" |≈ 1? ? Templeeti:Val 0? Templeeti:Val 1.52

Ihe nnọchianya

dezie

Ceres [63] na Pluto nwetara akara mbara ala, ebe a na ewere ha dị ka mbara ala mgbe a chọpụtara ha.   Ka ọ na erule oge a chọtara ndị ọzọ, akara mbara ala anaghịzi eji ya eme ihe n'etiti ndị na enyocha mbara igwe. [64][65][66]Unicode gụnyere akara maka mbara ala ndị dị obere Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, Haumea, Eris, Makemake, na Gonggong nke ndị na agụ kpakpando na ejikarị eme ihe: ọ bụ Denis Moskowitz, onye injinia ngwanrọ na Massachusetts chepụtara ha.        [65][67] ejirila akara Haumea, Eris, na Makemake ya, yana akara kpakpando ọdịnala maka Pluto [1] mgbe ọ na ezo aka na ya dị ka obere mbara ala. [2]  [65] tụwo aro ihe nnọchianya maka ndị ọzọ a kpọrọ aha, mana ha enweghị ojiji n'etiti ndị na agụ kpakpando. [65] Unicode maka Quaoar, Orcus, Haumea, Makemake, na Gonggong kpọtụrụ aha akara ndị a maka ihe ndị a kpọrọ aha karịrị kilomita 600 n'obosara: Salacia ma ọ bụ, Varda, Ixion ma ọ bụ, Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà, na Varuna.    ~   

Nnyocha

dezie
 
Obere mbara ala Ceres, dị ka ụgbọ mbara igwe NASA Dawn si see

[68] Machị 6, 2015, ụgbọ mbara igwe Dawn banyere gburugburu Ceres, na aghọ ụgbọ mbara igwe mbụ letara mbara ala dị obere. N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Pluto na ọnwa ise ya gbara ụgbọ elu New Horizons.

Ceres na egosipụta ihe akaebe dị otú ahụ nke geology na arụ ọrụ dị ka nnu na cryovolcanos, ebe Pluto nwere ugwu mmiri-ice na agagharị na nitrogen-ice glaciers, yana ikuku dị ịrịba ama. O doro anya na Ceres nwere nnu na abanye n'okpuru ala ya, ebe enwere ihe akaebe na Pluto nwere oke osimiri dị n'okpuru.

Dawn agbaala gburugburu asteroid Vesta n'oge gara aga. Ọnwa Saturn bụ Phoebe ka Cassini sere na tupu nke ahụ site na Voyager 2, nke zutekwara ọnwa Neptune bụ Triton. Ihe atọ ahụ niile na egosi ihe akaebe nke ịbụ obere mbara ala, nchọpụta ha na enyere aka mee ka evolushọn nke obere mbara ala doo anya.

New Horizons ejidewo foto ndị dị anya nke Triton, Quaoar, Haumea, Eris, na Makemake, yana obere ndị Ixion, 2002 MS4, na 2014 OE394. [69]Otu [70]'ime nyocha abụọ Interstellar Express nke China National Space Administration atụwo aro ileta Quaoar na 2040. [1]

Ihe ndị yiri ya

dezie

Ọtụtụ ihe yiri mbara ala ndị dị obere. Ndị a gụnyere mbara ala ndị dị obere, nke nwere ike ịnwe ọdịdị nguzozi ma ọ bụ ihe akaebe nke geology na arụ ọrụ; ọnwa ndị dị na mbara ala, nke na ezute nkọwa anụ ahụ ma ọ bụghị nkọwa nke okirikiri maka mbara ala dị obere; na Charon na usoro Pluto-Charon, nke nwere obi abụọ na abụ mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ. Ụdị ndị a nwere ike ikwekọ: Triton, dịka ọmụmaatụ, bụ ma mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ na ọnwa dị mkpụikpi.

Mbara ala ndị dị obere n'oge gara aga

dezie
 
Triton, dị ka Voyager 2 si see ya. A na eche na Triton bụ obere mbara ala e jidere.

[71]Vesta, ihe na esote nke kachasị ukwuu na belt asteroid mgbe Ceres gasịrị, nọ na nguzozi hydrostatic ma bụrụ ihe dị gburugburu, na agbagọkarị n'ihi nnukwu mmetụta nke mepụtara craters Rheasilvia na Veneneia mgbe ọ siri ike. [72] [73] ekwekọghị na ọ nọ ugbu a na nguzozi mmiri.[74]Triton buru ibu karịa Eris ma ọ bụ Pluto, nwere ọdịdị nguzozi, a na eche na ọ bụ mbara ala dị mkpụmkpụ (ma eleghị anya ọ bụ onye otu usoro abụọ), mana ọ naghịzi agba anyanwụ gburugburu. Phoebe bụ centaur e jidere nke, dị ka Vesta, anaghịzi na nguzozi hydrostatic, mana a na eche na ọ dị na mbido akụkọ ihe mere eme ya n'ihi okpomọkụ radiogenic.

Ihe akaebe sitere na 2019 na egosi na Theia, mbara ala mbụ nke zutere ụwa na Echiche nke nnukwu mmetụta, nwere ike ịmalite na usoro anyanwụ dị n'èzí karịa usoro anyanwụ dị na ya nakwa na mmiri nke ụwa malitere na Theia. [75]

Ọnwa ndị dị na mbara ala

dezie

Ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa iri na itoolu nwere ọdịdị nguzozi site na izu ike n'okpuru ikike ndọda onwe onye n'oge ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ejirila kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma gharazi na nguzozi. asaa buru ibu karịa Eris ma ọ bụ Pluto. Ọnwa ndị a abụghị ihe dị iche na mbara ala ndị dị obere, mana ha adabaghị na nkọwa IAU n'ihi na ha anaghị agba anyanwụ gburugburu. (N'ezie, ọnwa Neptune bụ Triton bụ obere mbara ala e jidere, na Ceres guzobere n'otu mpaghara nke usoro anyanwụ dị ka ọnwa nke Jupiter na Saturn.) Alan Stern na akpọ ọnwa ndị dị na mbara ala "planets satellite", otu n'ime ụdị atọ nke mbara ala, tinyere obere mbara ala na mbara ala oge ochie. [25] Okwu ahụ [76] planemo ("ihe dị na mbara ala") na ekpuchi ndị mmadụ atọ ahụ.

Charon

dezie

Enweela arụmụka ụfọdụ gbasara ma a ga ewere usoro Pluto-Charon dị ka mbara ala dwarf abụọ. Na a draft mkpebi maka IAU definition nke mbara ala, ma Pluto na Charon e weere mbara ala na a ọnụọgụ abụọ usoro.[lower-alpha 3] The IAU ugbu a na ekwu Charon na adịghị na ewere a dwarf planet kama a Satellite nke Pluto, ọ bụ ezie na echiche. na Charon nwere ike iru eru dị ka mbara ala dwarf nwere ike ịtụle n'oge ọzọ. Ka o sina dị, o dochaghị anya na Charon nọ n'usoro hydrostatic. Ọzọkwa, ebe ebe barycenter na adabere ọ bụghị nanị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ikwu nke anụ ahụ, kamakwa n'ebe dị anya n'etiti ha; Barycenter nke Sun–Jupiter orbit, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị na mpụga anyanwụ, mana anaghị ewere ha dị ka ihe ọnụọgụ abụọ. Ya mere, a ga emerịrị nkọwapụta nke ihe mejupụtara mbara ala ọnụọgụ abụọ (dwarf) tupu Pluto na Charon akọwapụta nke ọma dị ka mbara ala dwarf ọnụọgụ abụọ.

Hụkwa

dezie

  

Ihe edeturu

dezie

Templeeti:Notelist

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