Nicholas kwuru
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| allegiance | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Nicholas |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1836 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Kukawa |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 1882 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Brownsville |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | soldier |
| ngalaba agha | United States Army |
Nicholas Said (onye amụrụ Mohammed Ali ben Sa'id, 1836-1882) bụ onye njem, onye ntụgharị, onye agha, na onye edemede.
Ndụ
dezieA mụrụ ya na Kukawa, Alaeze Ukwu Bornu, Said nwụrụ n'ahịa ohu Trans-Saharan. Nna ya, Barca Gana, bụ onye ọchịagha a ma ama na ikike ya pụrụ iche maka ịmụ asụsụ, Otú ọ dị, dugara n'ịdị elu nke ọnọdụ ya.[1][2] Ebe ọ mụtara Arabic n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Central Africa, ọ mụtara asụsụ Ottoman Turkish nke ndị ohu ya. N'igosi nkà na Russian, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ejere Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov ozi, onye nyere ya onye nkuzi French mgbe ọ matara ikike asụsụ ya pụrụ iche. Ka ọ na-erule oge ncheta ya nke 1872, ọ kọrọ na ọ maara ma ọ bụ na-asụ asụsụ Kanuri, Mandara, Arabic, Turkish, Russian, German, Italian na French, yana ụfọdụ ahụmịhe na Armenian. Said gara ọtụtụ ebe n'Africa, Middle East, Europe, na Alaeze Ukwu Russia, mesịa gaa Caribbean, South America, Canada, na United States. N'ihe ndekọ ya banyere ndụ ya na njem ya, Said katọrọ mwakpo Usman dan Fodio megide ala nna ya, kọwaa njem ala nsọ ya na Mecca, chetara banyere izute Czar, ma tụgharịa uche na ntụgharị ya site na Islam gaa na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na Riga.[3]
Site na 1863 ruo 1865, Said jere ozi na Union Army n'oge Agha Obodo America. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ndị Africa America jere ozi na ndị agha United States n'oge agha ahụ, ọ dịghị mgbe Said ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị nna nna ya ghọrọ ohu na United States. Kama nke ahụ, Said ji aka ya kwaga United States wee wepụta onwe ya ịlụ ọgụ n'agha.[4] N'ihe dị ka ngwụcha agha ahụ, ọ rịọrọ ka e tinye ya na Ngalaba Ụlọ Ọgwụ ka o wee nwee ike ịmalite ịmụ ọgwụ. Akụkọ onye nta akụkọ nke 1867 na-atụ aro na, mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Said hụrụ nwanyị America n'anya ma lụọ ya.[5] A na-akọ na ha biri na St. Stephens, Alabama, ebe Said dere akụkọ ndụ ya.[6] Ndụ Said mechara bụrụ ihe doro anya, mana otu akụkọ kwuru na ọ nwụrụ na Brownsville, Tennessee.[7]
N'ihi na ọ bi na oge Reconstruction-South, ọ kpughere ọrụ ya na ndị agha United States na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya.[2] Foto mmeri nke Said na-eyi uwe ndị agha US ya, n'oge ọ nọ na 55th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, ka dị.[8]
Ezinụlọ na Bornu
dezieSaid kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu Kanouri nke amụrụ na "Kouka" (nke bụ Kukawa ugbu a), nso ọdọ mmiri Chad, nwa General (Katzalla) Barca Gana na nwanyị Mandara aha ya bụ Dalia. Ọ bụ nne ya zụlitere Said. Dị ka Said si kwuo, nna ya nwere ndị nwunye anọ, ọ dịkwa "nnukwu, ogologo, ma nwee ogo dị mma; na-eyi dike karịa nwoke nkịtị". "Nna m gosipụtara onwe ya nke ukwuu n'okpuru Eze anyị na-adịghị anwụ anwụ Mohammed Ben Mohammed El Kanemy, Washington nke Bornou. Ọ bụ egwu nke... ndị iro nke mba anyị, na ebe ọ bụla o yiri onye iro ahụ gbapụrụ.."
Otu onye njem Bekee nke nwere ohere ịhụ Barca Gana n'agha kọwara ike agha nke nna Said. Dixon Denham sonyeere njem agha nke ndị agha Bornu n'okpuru Barca Gana sonyeere ndị agha Arab na-awakpo ohu na ndị nke Sultan nke Mandara. N'ọgụ megide ndị agha nke Sokoto Caliphate, Denham kọrọ na "Onye isi Fellatah ji aka ya gbuo ndị agha Bornu anọ, mgbe Barca Gana, onye ike ya buru ibu, tụbara ube site n'ebe dị mita iri atọ na ise wee mee ka ndị ọgọ mmụọ dị ala.." Akụkọ Denham gbakwunyere banyere ike Barca Gana, "Onye ọchịagha Bornu nwere ịnyịnya atọ e gburu n'okpuru ya site na ụta na-egbu egbu". Ọ bụ ezie na Denham na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'ihi ike Barca Gana nwere n'agha, o kwukwara na a ghaghị igbochi Barca Gana ịhapụ nwoke ọcha ahụ merụrụ ahụ n'azụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọchịagha ahụ achọghị ịdọrọ ihe onwunwe agha maka ichebe onye njem nke na-abụghị ọbụna onye Alakụba. N'ịbụ onye otu n'ime ndị otu ya gwara na Chineke yiri ka ọ chọrọ ka echekwa Denham, Barca Gana wepụtara Denham n'enweghị nsogbu.
A mụghị Nicholas Said ruo mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara mgbe nna ya lụchara agha megide Caliphate Sokoto, nke Denham chetara. (Jules Verne ga-emecha kọọ akụkọ ahụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Five Weeks in a Balloon, mana ọ tụbara Denham dị ka dike karịa Barca Gana, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ naanị Denham ka dị ndụ n'ihi na ndị agha Fulani chọrọ iwere uwe ya iji mee ihe dị ka "ihe akaebe" na a na-eji Ndị Kraịst lụọ ọgụ na ndị agha Bornu-Mandara: 109) Said kọrọ na ya zutere onye ọcha mbụ, onye ọ kpọrọ onye nyocha German Heinrich Barth:
"Mgbe m dị ihe dị ka afọ iri na abụọ, nnukwu ụgbọala si Fezzan bịa, a sịrị na Sârâ (nwoke ọcha) bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ahụ. Nke a mere ka obi dị anyị ụtọ, ọkachasị n'etiti anyị ụmụaka, n'ihi na anyị anụla akụkọ dị egwu banyere ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a gwara anyị na ndị ọcha bụ ndị na-eri anụ, na ndị ohu niile ha zụrụ abụghị maka ebumnuche ọzọ ma e wezụga maka nri. O doro anya na e nwere onye ọcha, Eze nyekwara ya ebe obibi dị na East Kouka. Oge mbụ m hụrụ ya bụ otu ụbọchị mgbe ọ nọ n'ahịa, n'èzí Kouka, m gbapụrụ n'ebe ọ nọ.[9]
Ihe odide
dezie- ↑ Calbreath (2003). The Sergeant: The Incredible Life of Nicholas Said: Son of an African General, Slave of the Ottomans, Free Man Under the Tsars, Hero of the Union Army. Pegasus Books. ISBN 9781639363254.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Paul E. Lovejoy. Mohammed Ali Nicholas Sa'id: From Enslavement to American Civil War Veteran
- ↑ Nicholas Said, 1836-1882. The Autobiography of Nicholas Said, A Native of Bournou, Eastern Soudan, Central Africa. Docsouth.unc.edu. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
- ↑ Safet Dabovic. Out of Place: The Travels of Nicholas Said. Criticism, Vol. 54, No. 1., pp. 59-83
- ↑ A Native of Bornoo. Tubmaninstitute.ca. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
- ↑ Summary of the Autobiography of Nicholas Said, A Native of Bournou, Eastern Soudan, Central Africa. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved on 2019-03-18.
- ↑ Allan D. Austin. "Mohammed Ali Ben Said: Travels on Five Continents." Contributions in Black Studies, Volume 12, Article 15: October 2008
- ↑ MHS Collections Online: Nicholas Said. Masshist.org. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
- ↑ Autobiography, pp. 25-6
Ebe e si nweta ya
dezie- Calbreath, Dean (2023), The Sergeant: The Incredible Life of Nicholas Said: Nwa nke onye ọchịagha Afrịka, Ohu nke ndị Ottoman, Free Man n'okpuru ndị Tsars, Hero nke Union Army
- Egerton (2017). Thunder at the Gates: The Black Civil War Regiments That Redeemed America. New York : Basic Books.