Wikipedia

Mamata Banerjee

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Mamata Banerjee
Official portrait, 2015
8th Chief Minister of West Bengal
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
Àtụ:Str rep
20 Mee 2011 (2011-05-20)
Governor
Àtụ:Nobold
Preceded byBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee Àtụ:Collapsed infobox section begin
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
Àtụ:Str rep
20 Mee 2011 (2011-05-20)
Ministry and Departments
Preceded byBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee Àtụ:Collapsed infobox section end
Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
Àtụ:Str rep
3 Ọktoba 2021 (2021-10-03)
Preceded bySovandeb Chattopadhyay
ConstituencyBhabanipur
Majority58,835[1][2][3]
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Preceded bySubrata Bakshi
Succeeded bySovandeb Chattopadhyay
ConstituencyBhabanipur
Majority54,213 (2011)[4]
Chairperson of the All India Trinamool Congress
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
Àtụ:Str rep
2001 (2001)
Preceded byAjit Kumar Panja Àtụ:Collapsed infobox section begin
Minister of Railways
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byLalu Prasad Yadav
Succeeded byDinesh Trivedi
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byRam Naik
Succeeded byNitish Kumar
Minister of Coal
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byKaria Munda
Succeeded byShibu Soren
Minister of Mines
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byRamesh Bais (MOS (I/C))
Succeeded byShibu Soren
Minister of State for Human Resource Development
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
1991–1993[5]
Prime MinisterP. V. Narasimha Rao
MinisterArjun Singh
Àtụ:NoboldDepartments in-charge for:Àtụ:Bulleted list
Preceded byBhagey Gobardhan[6][7]
Succeeded by
Cabinet Minister (without portfolio)[8]
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byN. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Succeeded byNatwar Singh
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Preceded byBiplab Dasgupta
Succeeded bySubrata Bakshi
ConstituencyKolkata Dakshin, West Bengal
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Àtụ:En dash range
Preceded bySomnath Chatterjee
Succeeded byMalini Bhattacharya
ConstituencyJadavpur, West Bengal
Personal details
Born (1955-01-05) 5 Jenụwarị 1955 (age 69)[9][10][11]
Calcutta, West Bengal, India (present-day Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
Political partyAll India Trinamool Congress
(1998 Àtụ:Endash present)
Other political
affiliations		Indian National Congress (1975 - 1998)
RelationsAbhishek Banerjee (nephew)
Residence30-B, Harish Chatterjee Street, Kolkata
Alma materUniversity of Calcutta
Signature
Nickname(s)Didi (Àtụ:Trans)
As of 9 October 2011
Source: [1]

Mamata Banerjee (   ; amuru 5 Jenụwarị 1955) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nke asatọ na ugbu a onye isi ala steeti West Bengal nke India kemgbe 20 Mee 2011, nwanyị mbụ jichiri ọfịs. N'ịbụ onye jere ozi ọtụtụ oge dị ka Minista Minista Union, Mamata Banerjee ghọrọ onye isi nke West Bengal na nke mbụ na 2011. Ọ tọrọ ntọala All India Trinamool Congress (AITC ma ọ bụ TMC) na 1998 mgbe ọ kewapụrụ na National Congress na India, wee ghọọ. Onye isi oche ya nke abụọ mechara na 2001. A na-akpọkarị ya Didi (nke pụtara, nwanne nwanyị okenye na Bengali).[12]).[13]

Banerjee jerela ozi ugboro abụọ dị ka Minista nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, nwanyị mbụ mere ya.[3] Ọ bụkwa nwanyị nke abụọ nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka Coal, na Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka mmepe akụrụngwa mmadụ, ihe ndị ntorobịa na egwuregwu, ụmụ nwanyị na mmepe ụmụaka n'ime ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị India.[4] Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe o megidere amụma inweta ala mbụ maka nrụpụta nke gọọmentị Kọmunist na-edu na West Bengal maka mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche n'ọnụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Singur.[5] N'afọ 2011, Banerjee wepụrụ mmeri dị ukwuu maka njikọ aka AITC na West Bengal, na-emeri 34 Communist Party of India (Marxist) na-edu ọchịchị Left Front, ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị Kọmunist na-edu ogologo oge n'ụwa.[14][15][16]

Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye otu West Bengal Legislative Assembly sitere na Bhabanipur site na 2011 ruo 2021. Ọ gbara oche ọgbakọ Nandigram wee tuo ya na BJP Suvendu Adhikari na ntuli aka 2021 West Bengal Assembly, [9] n'agbanyeghị na otu ya meriri ọtụtụ oche. [10] Ọ bụ onye isi ala West Bengal nke atọ meriri ntuli aka site na mpaghara nke ya, mgbe Prafulla Chandra Sen na 1967 na Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee na 2011. Mamata gbara aka na nsonaazụ Nandigram Constituency na Calcutta High Court na okwu ahụ bụ ikpe ikpe.[11] O duuru ndị otu ya gaa na mmeri dị ukwuu na ntuli aka ọgbakọ 2021 West Bengal.[12][13][14] A họpụtara ya ka onye otu omebe iwu West Bengal ọzọ site na mpaghara Bhabanipur na ntuli aka ahụ.[15] Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị onye isi ala na-achị ugbu a na India ugbu a.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

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A mụrụ Banerjee na Calcutta (nke bụzi Kolkata), West Bengal, n'ezinụlọ Bengali Hindu Brahmin.[17][18] Nne na nna ya bụ Promileswar Banerjee na Gayetri Devi.[19] Nna Banerjee, Promileswar, nwụrụ n'ihi enweghị ọgwụgwọ, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa.[20]

Na 1970, Banerjee gụchara ule ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị si Deshbandhu Sishu Sikshalay.[19] Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na akụkọ ntolite site na kọleji Jogamaya Devi.[20][21] Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Islam[22] na Mahadum Calcutta. Nke a sochiri akara mmụta mmụta sitere na Shri Shikshayatan College yana nzere iwu sitere na Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri Law College, Kolkata.[21]

Banerjee tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe ọ dị nanị afọ 15. Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na kọleji Jogamaya Devi, o guzobere Chhatra Parishad Unions, nku ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Congress (I) Party, na-emeri All India Democratic Students Organisation nke jikọtara ya na Socialist Unity Center. India (Ndị Kọmunist).[19] Ọ gara n'ihu na Congress (I) Party na West Bengal, na-eje ozi n'ọkwá dị iche iche n'ime pati ahụ na n'òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo ndị ọzọ.[22]

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ, 1984-2011

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Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Congress

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Mamata Banerjee na Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centre for Human Excellence and Social Sciences, Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata

Banerjee malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na pati Congress dị ka nwa agbọghọ na 1970s. Na 1975 ọ dọtara uche na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbe ọ gbara egwu n'ụgbọ ala onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Jayaprakash Narayan dị ka ngagharị iwe megide ya.[25] [26] [27] Ọ gbagoro ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa ndị otu Congress mpaghara wee bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Mahila Congress (Indira), West Bengal, site na 1976 ruo 1980.[28]. Na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1984, Banerjee ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu kacha nta na India mgbe ọ bụla, [29] meriri onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist Somnath Chatterjee, iji merie ndị omeiwu Jadavpur na West Bengal. Ọ ghọkwara onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke ndị ntorobịa India na 1984. Ọ tụfuru oche ya n'aka Malini Bhattacharya nke Communist Party of India (Marxist) na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1989 na mgbochi Congress.[30] A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1991, ebe ọ banyechara na mpaghara Calcutta South. Ọ jigidere oche Kolkata South na 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 na 2009 ntuli aka izugbe.[23]

A họpụtara Banerjee ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Union maka Mmepe nke Ndị Mmadụ, Ihe Ndị Ntorobịa na Egwuregwu, na Mmepe Ụmụ nwanyị na Ụmụaka na 1991 site n'aka praịm minista, P. V. Narasimha Rao. Dị ka minista egwuregwu, ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-agba arụkwaghịm ma mee mkpesa na nzukọ na Brigade Parade Ground na Kolkata, megide enweghị mmasị Gọọmentị na atụmatụ ya imeziwanye egwuregwu na mba ahụ.[24] A chụpụrụ ya n'ọfịs ya n'afọ 1993. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1996, o kwuru na Congress na-akpa àgwà dị ka onye isi nke CPI-M na West Bengal. O kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ya bụ olu nke ezi uche ma chọọ "Congress dị ọcha".[25]

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1992, Banerjee kpọọrọ nwa agbọghọ nwere nsogbu Dipali Basak, onye CPI (M) cadre Souvagya Basak dinara n'ike, gaa n'ụlọ edemede nye onye isi minista Jyoti Basu n'oge ahụ mana ndị uwe ojii kpagburu ya tupu e jide ya ma tinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.[26][27] Ọ ṅụrụ iyi na ọ ga-abanye n'ụlọ ahụ ọzọ naanị dị ka onye isi minista.[28]

Ndị otu ndị ntorobịa steeti nke Mamata Banerjee na-edu haziri ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ odee na Kolkata na 21 Julaị 1993 megide ọchịchị Kọmunist nke steeti ahụ. Ha rịọrọ ka e mee kaadị ID ndị ntuli aka ka ha bụrụ naanị akwụkwọ achọrọ maka ịtụ vootu, iji kwụsị "mgbasa sayensị sayensị" CPM. Ndị uwe ojii gbagburu mmadụ iri na atọ n'oge ngagharị iwe a ma merụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ahụ. N'ịzaghachi ihe merenụ onye isi ala West Bengal n'oge ahụ, Jyoti Basu, kwuru na "ndị uwe ojii emeela ezigbo ọrụ." N'oge ajụjụ 2014, Justice (lagoro ezumike nká) Sushanta Chatterjee, onye bụbu onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Orissa, kọwara nzaghachi ndị uwe ojii dị ka "enweghị mgbagha na nke na-akwadoghị". "Komishọna a ekpebiela na ikpe ahụ dị njọ karịa ogbugbu Jallianwala Bagh," Justice Chatterjee kwuru. [29][30][31][32][26]

Ntọala Trinamool Congress

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Mamata Banerjee na-agwa ndị otu a họpụtara ahọpụta na ndị ọrụ pati na Bongaon Stadium mgbe ntuli aka panchayat nke West Bengal gasịrị.

Na 1997, n'ihi ọdịiche dị na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye isi oche Kọmitii West Bengal Pradesh Congress mgbe ahụ Somendra Nath Mitra, Banerjee hapụrụ Congress Party na West Bengal wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere All India Trinamool Congress, yana Mukul Roy. 41] Ọ ghọrọ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ na-emegide ọchịchị Kọmunist ogologo oge na steeti ahụ. Na 11 Disemba 1998, o ji esemokwu jide otu onye otu Samajwadi Party MP, Daroga Prasad Saroj, site na olu akwa wee dọkpụrụ ya n'olulu mmiri nke Lok Sabha iji gbochie ya ime ngagharị iwe megide Iwu ndoputa ụmụ nwanyị.[33]

Minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè (nke mbụ), 1999-2000

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N'afọ 1999, ọ sonyeere gọọmentị BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) wee bụrụ Minista nke Ụgbọ okporo ígwè.[23] N'afọ 2000, Banerjee gosipụtara Mmefu ego ụgbọ okporo ígwè mbụ ya. N'ime ya, o mezuru ọtụtụ n'ime nkwa ya na steeti West Bengal.[34] O webatara ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọhụrụ New Delhi-Sealdah Rajdhani Express na ụgbọ okporo ígwè anọ na-ejikọ akụkụ dị iche iche nke West Bengal, ya bụ Howrah-Purulia Rupasi Bangla Express, Sealdah-New Jalpaiguri Padatik Express, Shalimar-Adra Aranyak Express, Sealadah-Ajmer Ananya Superfast Express, na Sealdah-Amritsar Akal Takht Superfast Express.[34] Ọ mụbakwara ugboro ole Pune-Howrah Azad Hind Express na-aga ma gbasaa ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè atọ. Ọrụ na ọrụ Digha-Howrah Express mekwara ngwa ngwa n'oge obere oge ọ nọrọ.[35]

O lekwasịrị anya n'ịzụlite njem nleta, na-enyere ngalaba Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Darjeeling Himalayan aka inweta ụgbọ okporo ígwè abụọ ọzọ ma na-atụ aro Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited. O kwukwara na India kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Trans-Asian Railway nakwa na a ga-eweghachi njikọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'etiti Bangladesh na Nepal. N'ozuzu, o webatara ụgbọ oloko ọhụrụ 19 maka afọ mmefu ego 2000-2001.[35]

N'afọ 2000, ya na Ajit Kumar Panja gbara arụkwaghịm iji mee mkpesa maka ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ala, wee wepụ arụkwaghịma ha n'enyeghị ihe ọ bụla.[36][37]

2001 West Bengal ntuli aka

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Na mbido afọ 2001, mgbe Tehelka kpughere Operation West End, Banerjee si na kọmitii NDA pụọ ma soro ndị Congress Party maka ntuli aka West Bengal nke afọ 2001, mee mkpesa megide ebubo nrụrụ aka nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ boro ndị minista dị elu nke gọọmentị. [38][39]

Minista na-ahụ maka coal na mines, Jenụwarị 2004 - Mee 2004

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Banerjee na-ewere ọrụ nke Minista na-ahụ maka coal na mines na New Delhi na 9 Jenụwarị 2004

Ọ laghachiri n'ọchịchị NDA na Septemba 2003 dị ka onye minista na-enweghị ọfịs ọ bụla.[40] Ya na Mamata, onye ọrụ ibe ya Sudip Banerjee sonyekwara n'ozi Vajpayee.[41] N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2004, ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka Ministri nke Coal na Mines.[42] N'oge obere oge ya dị ka minista na-ahụ maka coal na mines, gọọmentị ekweghị ka a ree Ụlọ ọrụ National Aluminium Company.[43] Ọ nọ n'ọkwa Coal na Mines ruo 22 Mee 2004.

Nsogbu ntuli aka 2004-2006

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Na ntuli aka India nke afọ 2004 pati ya sonyeere Bharatiya Janata Party. Otú ọ dị, njikọ ahụ meriri ntuli aka ahụ ma ọ bụ naanị onye otu Trinamool Congress a họpụtara site na oche ndị omeiwu si West Bengal.[23][44] Banerjee nwetakwara nsogbu ọzọ n'afọ 2005 mgbe pati ya tụfuru ikike nke Kolkata Municipal Corporation na onye isi obodo nọ n'ọkwa Subrata Mukherjee hapụrụ pati ya.[45] N'afọ 2006, e meriri Trinamool Congress na ntuli aka nke West Bengal, na-efunahụ ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị otu ya nọ ọdụ.N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2006, Banerjee tụbara akwụkwọ ịgba arụkwaghịm ya na osote onye isi oche Charanjit Singh Atwal na Lok Sabha. Ọ bụ onye isi oche Somnath Chatterjee jụrụ arịrịọ ya maka ịbanye n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site n'aka Ndị Bangladesh na West Bengal n'ihi na ọ bụghị n'usoro kwesịrị ekwesị.[46][47][48][49][50]

Singur, Nandigram na òtù ndị ọzọ

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N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2005, o mere ngagharị iwe megide nnweta ala siri ike na arụrụala e mere megide ndị ọrụ ugbo n'ógbè ahụ n'aha iwu mmepe ụlọ ọrụ nke gọọmentị Buddhaadeb Bhattacharjee na West Bengal. Benny Santoso, Onye isi oche nke Salim Group nke dị na Indonesia, kwere nkwa itinye ego buru ibu na West Bengal, Gọọmentị West Bengal nyekwara ya ala ugbo na Howrah, na-akpata ngagharị iwe. N'oge mmiri ozuzo, Banerjee na ndị ọzọ so na Trinamool Congress guzoro n'ihu Taj Hotel ebe Santoso rutere, ndị uwe ojii mechiri ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, ya na ndị na-akwado ya sooro ndị njem Santoso. A zere ngagharị iwe "ụgbọ ojii" a haziri mgbe gọọmentị mere ka Santoso rute awa atọ tupu oge eruo.[51][52]

Mkpesa nke onye mgba

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Ọtụtụ ndị na-agba mgba na-emeri ihe nrite nke Olympic na World Championships, gụnyere Sakshi Malik, Vinesh Phogat, Bajrang Punia na Sangeeta Phogat, anọwo na-eme ngagharị iwe na Delhi na-achọ ka ejide onye isi Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) na onye omeiwu BJP Brij Bhushan Singh maka ebubo na ọ na-enye ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-agba ọsọ na obere nsogbu mmekọahụ. Mịnịsta Ukwu nke West Bengal bụ Mamata Banerjee gara n'okporo ámá Kolkata iji kwado ndị mgba na ngagharị iwe ha. "Ga-alụ ọgụ ruo mgbe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nwetara ikpe ziri ezi, "Onye isi minista kwuru. "M ga-arịọ ndị mgba ka ha gaa n'ihu na njem ha. Agha a bụ maka ndụ, maka nnwere onwe, maka ikpe ziri ezi".[53][54]

Ngagharị iwe Singur

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  N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2006, a kwụsịrị Banerjee n'ike n'ụzọ ọ na-aga Singur maka nnọkọ megide ọrụ ụgbọ ala Tata Motors. Banerjee rutere nzukọ West Bengal wee mee ngagharị iwe n'ebe ahụ. Ọ gwara ndị nta akụkọ okwu na mgbakọ ahụ wee kwupụta mmechi awa iri na abụọ site na pati ya na Fraịdee.[55] Mgbe ndị uwe ojii jidere ya na mbido ụbọchị ahụ "maka imebi iwu mgbochi" na nso Singur, o kwuru na nchịkwa ahụ mere "n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị" site n'igbochi ya ịbanye Singur ebe ndị Tata Motors tụrụ aro ịmepụta obere ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala. E jidere ya na Hooghly ma zighachi ya.[56] Mgbe ihe omume a gasịrị, ndị MLA nke Trinamool Congress mere ngagharị iwe site na imebi oche na igwe okwu na imebi ụlọ omebe iwu nke West Bengal.[55][57] A kpọrọ nnukwu ọgbaghara na 14 Disemba 2006. Ma n'ihe niile, ọ nweghị uru ọ bụla. N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Banerjee malitere ọgbaghara agụụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na isii na Kolkata na-eme mkpesa maka nnweta ala ugbo nke gọọmentị. Onye isi ala nke oge ahụ bụ A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, onye nwere nchegbu banyere ahụike ya, gwara onye isi ala nke mgbe ahụ bụ Manmohan Singh okwu iji dozie nsogbu ahụ. Kalam rịọkwara Banerjee ka ọ wepụ ibu ọnụ ya dịka "ndụ dị oké ọnụ ahịa". E zigara akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Manmohan Singh na Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Gọvanọ nke West Bengal n'oge ahụ, e wee nyefee ya Mamata ozugbo. Mgbe ọ natara akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, Mamata mechara gbuo ọnụ ya n'etiti abalị na 29 Disemba.[58][59][60][61] N'afọ 2016, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwupụtara na nnweta nke ala 997 acres site na gọọmentị West Bengal's Left Front maka ụlọ ọrụ Tata Motors na Singur bụ iwu na-akwadoghị.[62]

Nandigram mkpesa

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N'afọ , otu ndị uwe ojii na-ebu égbè wakporo ime obodo nke Nandigram na mpaghara Purba Medinipur na ebumnuche nke ịkwụsị ngagharị iwe megide atụmatụ gọọmentị West Bengal iji wepụ 10,000 acres (40 km2) nke ala maka mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche (SEZ) nke Salim Group nke Indonesia ga-emepe. Ọ dịkarịa ala, a gbagburu ndị obodo iri na anọ ma merụọ mmadụ iri asaa ọzọ ahụ. Nke a mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ mee ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá.[63][64][65] Ndị isi CPI (M) na-ekwu na ha metọrọ ma dinaa ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ 300 n'ike n'oge mwakpo Nandigram.[66][67]

Banerjee degaara Praịm Minista India Manmohan Singh na Minista Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime nke Union Shivraj Patil akwụkwọ ozi iji kwụsị ihe ọ kpọrọ "ihe ike gọọmentị kwadoro" nke CPI (M) kwalitere na Nandigram.[68][69] A na-ekwere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'oge mmegharị ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara mmeri ya na 2011.

Akụkọ CBI banyere ihe ahụ merenụ kwadoro nguzo CPI (M) na Buddhadeb enyeghị ndị uwe ojii iwu ka ha malite ịgba égbè. Ha mere nke a naanị iji chụsasịa nzukọ iwu na-akwadoghị mgbe usoro ọrụ ọ bụla ọzọ dara.[70][71] Mana na-akwado ime ihe ike na Nandigram site n'aka ndị ọrụ nke ya, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya kwuru na mbụ "A kwụrụ ha (ndị mmegide) ụgwọ n'otu mkpụrụ ego ahụ. " E nwere ebubo nke itinye aka nke ụfọdụ ndị isi TMC mpaghara na Nandigram Violence [72][73][74][75][76]

 
Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal gosipụtara na ihe omume na London na 27 Julaị 2015.

Ọganihu ntuli aka 2009-2011

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Tupu ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2009 ọ sonyeere United Progressive Alliance (UPA) nke Indian National Congress duziri. Njikọ ahụ meriri oche iri abụọ na isii. Banerjee sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ etiti dị ka minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè (nke abụọ). Na ntuli aka obodo nke 2010 na West Bengal, TMC meriri Kolkata Municipal Corporation site na oche iri isii na abụọ. TMC merikwara Bidhan Nagar Corporation site na oche asaa.[77] N'afọ 2011, Banerjee meriri ọtụtụ ndị ma were ọkwa onye isi minista nke steeti West Bengal. Òtù ya kwụsịrị ọchịchị afọ 34 nke Left Front.

Trinamool Congress rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2009, merie oche iri na itoolu. Ndị enyi ya na Congress na SUCI nwetakwara oche isii na otu n'otu n'otu na-egosi arụmọrụ kachasị mma nke otu mmegide ọ bụla na West Bengal kemgbe mmalite nke ọchịchị aka ekpe. Ruo mgbe ahụ, mmeri nke oche 16 na 1984, a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe ngosi kachasị mma na mmegide.

Minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè (nke abụọ), 2009-2011

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N'afọ 2009, Mamata Banerjee ghọrọ minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke ugboro abụọ. O lekwasịrị anya ọzọ na West Bengal.[78]

 
Banerjee ṅụrụ iyi ọzọ dị ka Minista na Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi na 2009.

Ọ duziri Indian Railways iji webata ọtụtụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Duronto Express na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị na-ejikọ nnukwu obodo yana ọtụtụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-ebu ndị njem, gụnyere ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụmụ nwanyị. [79][80][81][82][83] Akụkụ Anantnag-Qadigund nke akara Jammu-Baramulla nke a na-eme kemgbe 1994 ka emere ya n'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa. [84][85] O kwupụtakwara akara 1 25 km (16 mi) nke Kolkata Metro dị ka mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya nke Indian Railways nke a katọrọ ya. [86][87]

Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ dị ka Minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè iji bụrụ onye isi minista nke West Bengal. O kwuru, sị: "Ụzọ m si ahapụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'azụ, ọ ga-aga nke ọma. Echegbula onwe m, onye nọchiri m ga-enweta nkwado m niile. " Onye a họpụtara ya site na pati ya, Dinesh Trivedi, nọchiri ya dị ka minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè.[88]

Oge Banerjee dị ka minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè ka a na-enyo enyo n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ọkwa nnukwu tiketi o mere mgbe ọ nọ n'ọkwa ahụ, hụrụ obere ọganihu ma ọ bụ enweghị ọganihu.[89] Reuters kọrọ na "A katọrọ ihe ndekọ afọ abụọ ya dị ka minista ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke ukwuu maka ịhazi netwọk ahụ n'ụgwọ ndị ọzọ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka usoro ndị mmadụ dịka ọtụtụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị njem. " Indian Railways ghọrọ ihe na-efu n'oge afọ abụọ ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa. [90][91]

Onye isi minista nke West Bengal

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Oge izizi, 2011-16

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Mgbe ahụ odeakwụkwọ nke United States State, Hillary Clinton n'oge nzukọ ya na onye isi minista West Bengal Mamata Banerjee na Writers', Kolkata na 7 Mee 2012.
 
Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal gosipụtara na ihe omume na London na 27 Julaị 2015.

N'afọ 2011, All India Trinamool Congress tinyere SUCI na INC meriri ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke West Bengal megide Left Alliance site n'inweta oche 227. TMC meriri oche 184 na INC meriri 42 oche na SUCI nwetara otu oche. Nke a gosipụtara njedebe nke pati Kọmunist a họpụtara site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ụwa.[92]   A ṅụrụ Banerjee iyi dị ka onye isi minista nke West Bengal na 20 Mee 2011.[93] Dị ka nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi minista nke West Bengal, otu n'ime mkpebi mbụ ya bụ ịlaghachi 400 acres nke ala nye ndị ọrụ ugbo Singur.[93] "Kọvemba ekpebiela ịlaghachi 400 acres nye ndị ọrụ ugbo na-achọghị na Singur", ka onye isi minista kwuru. "M gwara ngalaba ahụ ka ha kwadebe akwụkwọ maka nke a. Ọ bụrụ na Tata-babu (Ratan Tata) chọrọ, ọ nwere ike iguzobe ụlọ ọrụ ya na 600 acres fọdụrụnụ, ma ọ bụghị ya, anyị ga-ahụ otu esi eme ya".[94]

A na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ ya guzobere Gorkhaland Territorial Administration.[95]

Ọ malitere mgbanwe dị iche iche na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ na ahụike. Ụfọdụ n'ime mgbanwe ndị a na-eme na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere ntọhapụ nke ụgwọ ọnwa nke ndị nkuzi na nke mbụ n'ọnwa ọ bụla na ụgwọ ezumike nká ngwa ngwa maka ndị nkuzi lara ezumike nkwe.[96][97][98] Na ngalaba ahụike Banerjee kwere nkwa, sị: "A ga-ewere usoro mmepe atọ iji melite akụrụngwa na ọrụ ahụike. Na 30 Eprel 2015, onye nnọchi anya UNICEF India kelere gọọmentị maka ime ka Nadia bụrụ mpaghara mbụ Open Defecation Free na mba ahụ. [99][100] Na nkwupụta na 17 Ọktoba 2012, Banerjee kwuru na mmụba nke ndina n'ike na mba ahụ bụ "mmekọrịta n'efu n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị". O kwuru na "N'oge gara aga ma ọ bụrụ na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ejide aka, ndị nne na nna ga-ejere ha aka ma baara ha mba mana ugbu a ihe niile ghere oghe. Ọ dị ka ahịa ghere oghere nwere nhọrọ ghere ogbuke. "A katọrọ ya na mgbasa ozi mba maka nkwupụta ndị a.[101]

O nyekwara aka n'ịgbanwe ọnụahịa mmanụ ụgbọala na ịkwụsị FDI na ngalaba mkpọsa ruo mgbe nkwekọrịta malitere. [102][103] Na mgbalị imeziwanye ọnọdụ iwu na mmanye na West Bengal, e mepụtara ndị kọmishọna ndị uwe ojii na Howrah, Barrackpore, Durgapur-Asansol na Bidhannagar. E mere ka mpaghara Kolkata Municipal Corporation nọrọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke Ndị uwe ojii Kolkata.   Banerjee gosipụtara mmasị dị ukwuu n'ime ka ọha na eze mara akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke steeti ahụ. Ọ gụrụ ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Kolkata Metro aha ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, ma na-eme atụmatụ ịkpọ aha ọdụ ụgbọ ololozi na-abịanụ aha ndị isi okpukpe, ndị na-ede uri, ndị na'ime ihe ndị yiri ya. [104][105] A katọrọ Mamata Banerjee maka ịmalite ịkwụ ndị Imam (Iman Bhatta) nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Calcutta kpebiri na ọ megidere iwu. [106][107][108][109][110][111]

 
Priti Patel, onye bụ Minista nke Ọrụ na Gọọmentị nke United Kingdom, na onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ ụlọ nke United Kingdom na-ezute Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal na London.

Na 16 Febụwarị 2012, Bill Gates, nke Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, zigara akwụkwọ ozi na gọọmentị West Bengal na-eto Banerjee na nchịkwa ya maka inweta otu afọ zuru ezu na-enweghị akụkọ ọ bụla nke ọrịa polio. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwuru na nke a abụghị naanị ihe dị ịrịba ama maka India kamakwa maka ụwa dum.[112]

Ọ na-emegide ịkpọ bandhs (ịkwụsị ọrụ) ọ bụ ezie na ọ kwadoro ha mgbe ọ na-emegidesi ike.[113]

Ọchịchị ya mebiri nke ukwuu site na Saradha Scam - mmefu ego nke dugara n'ịtụ mkpọrọ Madan Mitra - onye bụbu minista na kọmitii ya, Kunal Ghosh - onye omeiwu nke otu, na ịta ọtụtụ ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.

Oge nke abụọ, 2016-2021

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Praịm Minista Modi, Praịm Mịnịsta nke Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina na Chief Minister Banerjee na Hyderabad House, na New Delhi na 8 Eprel 2017.
 
Onye isi ala Kovind n'oge emume ịtọ ntọala na 64th Annual Convocation nke IIT Kharagpur, na West Bengal. A na-ahụkwa Gọvanọ nke West Bengal, na Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee.

Na ntuli aka nke ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2016, All India Trinamool Congress meriri site na mmeri abụọ n'ụzọ atọ n'okpuru Mamata Banerjee meriri oche 211 n'ime 293, onye a họpụtara dị ka Chief Minister West Bengal maka oge nke abụọ. [114][115] All India Trinamool Congress meriri na mmụba nke mmeri naanị ya wee bụrụ òtù na-achị achị mbụ meriri n'enweghị onye ya na ya jikọrọ aka kemgbe 1962 na West Bengal.

N'afọ 2017, Kanyashree, atụmatụ gọọmentị ya malitere, bụ nke United Nations họpụtara dị ka nke kachasị mma n'etiti atụmatụ 552 nke ngalaba mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya si mba 62.[116]

Oge nke atọ, 2021-dị ugbu a

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Banerjee na-ekwu okwu na Bengal Global Business Summit - 2022 na Kolkata na 20 Eprel.
 
Banerjee na ndị ọrụ UNESCO bụ Érik Falt na Tim Curtis, n'oge emume maka ndebanye aha Durga Puja dị ka ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya, na 1 Septemba 2022.
 
Minista na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị n'ime obodo, Amit Shah na Mamata Banerjee na nzukọ nke 25 nke Eastern Zonal Council, na Kolkata na 17 Disemba 2022.

Na ntuli aka mgbakọ nke afọ 2021, AITC meriri site na mmeri abụọ n'ụzọ atọ. Mana, Mamata Banerjee onye lụrụ ọgụ site na Nandigram meriri Suvendu Adhikari nke Bharatiya Janata Party site na votu 1,956.[117][118][119] Otú ọ dị, Mamata Banerjee mara nsonaazụ a aka ma okwu ahụ bụ sub judice.[lower-alpha 1] Ka pati ya meriri oche 213 n'ime ngụkọta 292, a họpụtara ya dị ka Chief Minister nke West Bengal maka oge nke atọ. Ka e mesịrị na Raj Bhawan, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Jagdeep Dhankhar.[120] Ọ ṅụrụ iyi dị ka Chief Minister na 5 Mee 2021.[121][122] Òtù ya mechara merie oche abụọ fọdụrụnụ ma ya onwe ya merie ntuli aka Bhabanipur site na nnukwu ohere nke 58,835 vootu. A ṅụrụ ya iyi dị ka MLA na 7 Ọktoba.[123][124][125]   Mgbe o meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-agbaso nkwa ya, ọ malitere atụmatụ Lakshmir Bhandar. Na atụmatụ a, e nyere ụmụ nwanyị na-erubeghị afọ 60 enyemaka ego, ihe dị ka rupees 500 maka ndị na-erughị eru.[126] Atụmatụ ahụ ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ka ọ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama.[127]

E mekwara atụmatụ ọzọ n'okpuru idu ndú ya, Atụmatụ kaadị akwụmụgwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ, iji nye nkwado ego na mgbazinye ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọgụgụ isi na-enweghị ike ịnọgide na-agụ akwụkwọ dị elu n'ihi enweghị ego. Ogologo ego mgbazinye ahụ ruru rupees 10 lakh, n'okpuru onye a họpụtara na gọọmentị nke West Bengal.[128]

N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ bụ Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee ka ọ bụrụ onye isi minista nke atọ kacha nọrọ ogologo oge na West Bengal. Ọ bụrụ na Mamata nọgide n'ọchịchị ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo 26 Ọktoba 2025, ọ ga-abụ onye isi minista nke abụọ na-eje ozi ogologo oge mgbe Jyoti Basu gasịrị, na-anọchi Bidhan Chandra Roy.

Ndụ onwe onye na mmata

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N'oge ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, Banerjee anọgidewo na-ebi ndụ siri ike n'ihu ọha, na-eyi uwe ọdịnala Bengali dị mfe ma na-ezere ihe okomoko.[129][130] N'oge a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ n'ọnwa Eprel 2019, Praịm Minista Narendra Modi kwuru na n'agbanyeghị esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha, Banerjee na-ezitere ya Kurtas na sweets ọ họọrọ kwa afọ.[131] Onye nnọchi anya Australia bụ Barry O'Farrell kelere ya maka izipu ihe na-atọ ụtọ n'oge Vijayadashami.[132] Na Septemba 2019 mgbe Ms. Jashodaben, nwunye PM Modi, na-ahapụ Kolkata, Mamata zutere ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Kolkata ma nye ya saree.[133][134]

Ọ na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye Hindu.[135] Banerjee bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ede uri.[136][137] E rere ihe osise 300 ya maka ₹ 9crore (₹ 90 nde, £ 990,000 ma ọ bụ US $ 1,350,000). [138] N'afọ 2012, magazin Time kpọrọ ya otu n'ime mmadụ 100 kachasị emetụta n'ụwa. Magazin Bloomberg Markets depụtara ya n'etiti ndị mmadụ 50 kachasị emetụta n'ụwa nke ego na Septemba 2012.[139] N'afọ 2018, e nyere ya Skoch Chief Minister of the Year Award.[140] Banerjee pụtara n'okporo ámá Kolkata n'oge mkpọchi, nke ọrịa COVID-19 kpatara, iji gbasaa mmata n'etiti ndị nkịtị.[141][142][143][144][145] Mgbe ọ na-arịọ arịrịọ maka ịnọgide na-enwe nkwekọrịta okpukpe, Banerjee ekwughachila eziokwu ahụ n'ọtụtụ oge na "Okpukpe bụ nke onwe, mana ememme bụ nke zuru ụwa ọnụ".[146][147]

"Ọ bụ onye agha mgbe niile" ka Yashwant Sinha kwuru mgbe ọ na-ekpughe na Mamata nyere onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onye e jidere dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ mkparịta ụka n'oge nsogbu nke Kandahar. "Ọ dị njikere ịchụ àjà kachasị maka mba ahụ" Sinha gbakwunyere.[148][149]

N'afọ 2021, a kpọrọ Mamata Banerjee ka ọ gaa Nzukọ Ụwa Maka Udo na Rom.[150][151][152] Ọ bụ naanị onye India a kpọrọ ka ọ gaa ihe omume ahụ. Mana n'ọnwa Septemba, Union Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) jụrụ ikike ya ịga nzukọ udo na-ekwu na ihe omume ahụ abụghị "nke kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ maka itinye aka site n'aka onye isi minista nke steeti". [153][154][155] BJP MP Subramanian Swamy katọrọ gọọmentị Modi na nkwụsịtụ nleta Banerjee na Rome.[156][157][158] Dị ka onye India Diplomat K. P. Fabian si kwuo, ihe kpatara MEA kwuru bụ ihe na-adịghị ekwe omume.[159] N'otu aka ahụ, na Disemba, MEA jụrụ inye Banerjee ikike ileta Nepal.[160]

Magazin TIME bipụtara ndepụta ya kwa afọ nke 'Ndị 100 kachasị emetụta 2021' na 15 Septemba 2021. Ndepụta ahụ gụnyere Mamata Banerjee na ndị ọzọ.[161][162][163] Ọ natara nzere doctorate nke ọma site na Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar.[164] E nyekwara ya nzere Doctorate of Literature (D.Litt.) site na Mahadum Calcutta.[165]

A katọrọ Banerjee n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ndina n'ike na igbu ọchụ nke dọkịta na-eto eto na-enweta ọzụzụ na R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital na ebubo mkpuchi ebe a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ na-anwa ichebe onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ nke CBI nyochara itinye aka na ihe ahụ merenụ.[166][167][168]

N'omenala a ma ama

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Baghini, Ihe nkiri Bengali, nke sitere na ndụ Mamata Banerjee, ka ewepụtara na 24 Mee 2019. Ọ bụghị ihe nkiri ndụ.[169][170]

Ọrụ na akwụkwọ na ngalaba ndị ọzọ

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Mamata Banerjee na 43rd International Kolkata Book Fair na akwụkwọ ya n'aka

E bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ o dere ruo ugbu a. Na 2022, e nyere ya Paschimbanga Akademy Award maka 'Kabita Bitan' nke nwere uri 946.[171]

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya.[172] A na-ere ihe osise ya ọtụtụ ugboro.[173]

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede abụ na ihe ndị o dere na-adabere na 'Durga Puja' na 'Motherland'. 'Maa Go Tumi Sarbojanin' nke Shreya Ghoshal bụrụ bụ otu n'ime abụ ya kachasị ewu ewu.[174]

Hụkwa

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Ihe edeturu

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Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Election Commission of India.
  2. ↑ Election Commission of India.
  3. ↑ Election Commission of India.
  4. ↑ Bhowanipore bypoll: Mamata Banerjee breaks her own record. The Telegraph (4 October 2021).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chief Minister's Office – Government of West Bengal.
  6. ↑ tcpd/cabinet_data. GitHub.
  7. ↑ Sote103-('C) – Cabinet Secretariat.
  8. ↑ "Vajpayee reinducts Mamata Banerjee as cabinet minister without portfolio", India Today, 22 September 2003.
  9. ↑ Mamata Banerjee's Biodata in Lok Sabha's Document.
  10. ↑ "Mamata Banerjee five years younger than official records", 26 January 2012.
  11. ↑ "Mamata is 5 years younger than official age", 15 November 2017.
  12. ↑ "Mamata Banerjee's hard-hitting poem targets PM Modi's demonetisation decision, but fails to woo Netizens", The Indian Express, 12 November 2016. Retrieved on 7 October 2017. (in en-US)
  13. ↑ Roy. "The 1.8 crore question: Is Mamata Banerjee India's most underrated artist?", Firstpost, 17 October 2014. Retrieved on 7 October 2017. (in en-US)
  14. ↑ "India: Mamata Banerjee routs communists in West Bengal", BBC News, 13 May 2011. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.
  15. ↑ Achin (11 May 2011). India's West Bengal Set to End 34 Years of Communist Rule. VOA. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved on 9 December 2021.
  16. ↑ Biswas. "The woman taking on India's communists", BBC World News, 15 April 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.
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  169. ↑ Ghosh (15 April 2019). 'Baghini: Bengal Tigress' is inspired by Mamata Banerjee but is not a biopic, filmmakers say (en-US). Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved on 9 December 2021.
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  172. ↑ "Mamata Banerjee, chief minister, painter and fighter, faces tough polls", Business Standard India, 1 April 2021. Retrieved on 20 May 2022.
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  174. ↑ Prakashan (14 October 2015). Durga Puja 2015: Mamata Banerjee pens Maa Go Tumi Sarbojonin on the auspicious occasion of the Navratri | India.com. India.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved on 11 May 2022.
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