Isi ọla nchara si Ife
| Oge/afọ mmalite | 13. century  |
|---|---|
| Ije | Yoruba art |
| ebe | British Museum |
| nhazi ọnọdụ | 7°28′20″N 4°33′20″E |
| Nwe ya | British Museum |
| Onye nchepụta | unknown value |
| Ihe ejị mee ya | copper alloy, brass |
| depicts | Olokun, Ooni of Ife |
| nchịkọta | British Museum |
| inventory number | Af1939,34.1 |
| time of discovery or invention | 1938 |
| kọwara na URL | http://collection.britishmuseum.org/id/object/EAF18043 |
Isi Bronze sitere na Ife, ma ọ bụ Isi Ife, [1] bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla kọpa iri na asatọ e gwupụtara na 1938 na Ife dị na Nigeria, ebe okpukpe na ebe bụbu ebe eze nke ndị Yoruba . Ekwenyere na ọ nọchiri anya eze. O nwere ike ịbụ na e mere ya na narị afọ nke iri na anọ na iri na ise OA Ezi ihe na nka nka nke ihe ndị ahụ gbara aka megide echiche ọjọọ na ịkwado echiche ọdịda anyanwụ nke nka Africa . Njiri mara okike nke isi Ife pụrụ iche [2] na myirịta n'ụdị nke ọrụ ndị a "na-egosi na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe mere ya ma ọ bụ n'otu ụlọ ọrụ." [2]
Nkọwa
dezieDị ka ọtụtụ " ọla n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka" bụ n'ezie nke a na-eji ọla kọpa mee ibe ya na ọla ndị ọzọ, nke British Museum kọwara dị ka "zinc-brass nke na-edu nke ukwuu". Omume nke oge a na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na-arịwanye elu iji zere okwu ndị dị ka bronze ma ọ bụ ọla maka ihe ndị mere eme na-akwado " ọla kọpa alloy " niile. [3] A na-eji usoro wax furu efu mee isi ya, ọ dịkwa ihe dị ka ụzọ ndụ n'ụzọ atọ, na-atụ 35. cm elu. Onye na-ese ihe mere isi n'ụdị okike. Ekpuchiri ihu ya n'ihe mgbawa mgbawa, ma egbugbere ọnụ enweghị akara. Uwe isi na-atụ aro okpueze nke ihe owuwu dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere akwa akwa dị iche iche nke tube na beads na tassels mejupụtara. Ihe ịchọ mma a bụ ụdị isi ọla nchara si Ife. [4] A na-ekpu okpueze ahụ site na crest, ya na rosette na plume nke na-ehulata ntakịrị n'otu akụkụ. N'elu okpueze ahụ gụnyere ihe fọdụrụ nke agba uhie na agba ojii. Nsụgharị dị ka ndụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ si n'oge ochie Ife bụ ihe pụrụ iche na nka ndị dị na Sub-Saharan Africa, a na-ewerekwa ya na mbụ dị ka ngosipụta mbụ nke omenala na-aga n'ihu na nkà Yoruba, na mmalite nka Benin na ndị ọzọ. Ihe e gwupụtara n'Igbo -Ukwu n'afọ 1959 nyere ihe akaebe sayensị maka omenala arụ ọrụ nchara na arịa ọla kọpa nke nwere ike dị na narị afọ nke itoolu ma ọ bụ nke iri.
Ngwuputa & Mwepụ
dezieAchọtara isi Ife na mberede na 1938 na ogige Wunmonije, Ife, n'oge ọrụ ụlọ n'etiti isi ọla iri na isii ndị ọzọ na isi ọla kọpa na ọkara elu nke ihe oyiyi ọla. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a chọtara na ogige Wunmonije na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu kwụsịrị na National Museum of Ife, mana e wepụrụ iberibe ole na ole na Naijiria ma dị ugbu a na mkpokọta nnukwu ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Onye isi akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Times nke Nigeria, H. Maclear Bate, bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Daily Times wepụrụ Isi Isi a, ma eleghị anya rere ya na National Art Collections Fund, [5] [6] bụ nke bufere ya na British Museum na 1939. .
Nchọpụta ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ bụ ihe mere gọọmentị ji chịkwaa mbupụ ihe ochie na Naịjirịa. Tupu emee nke a, onye isi a gara London site na Paris wee ziga mmadụ abụọ ọzọ na America. Mgbalị iji gbochie mbupụ ndị ọzọ, nke Leo Frobenius kpaliri, kwadoro nke ọma na 1938, mgbe ndị ọchịchị colonial nyere iwu iwu. [7] Frobenius bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara agbụrụ na ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke German bụ otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta Europe mbụ nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na nkà Africa, karịsịa nke Yoruba.
Ife
dezie
A na-eche na isi Ife bụ ihe osise nke onye ọchịchị a maara dị ka Ooni ma ọ bụ Oni . Eleghị anya emere ya n'okpuru nkwado nke Eze Obalufon Alayemore onye ama ama naturalistic life-size face mask in copper shares stylistic features with this work. Taa n'etiti ndị Yoruba, a na-amata Obalufon dị ka chi na-akwado ndị na-akpụ ọla. Oge a na-arụ ọrụ ahụ bụ oge ọganihu maka mmepeanya ndị Yoruba, bụ nke e wuru na ahia site n'osimiri Niger nye ndị bi na West Africa. Ndị Yoruba na-ewere Ife ka ebe chi ha kee mmadụ. [2]
Isi ọla ndị a bụ ihe akaebe na-egosi azụmaahịa ọzọ ebe ọ bụ na a chọtara chaịlị enyo emere Ife n'ọtụtụ ebe na West Africa. A na-eche na ọla kọpa ahụ sitere na ọla ndị Nigeria dị na mpaghara, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkà mmụta mbụ kwenyere na ọ sitere na Central Europe, North West Mauritania, Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, ma ọ bụ Southern Morocco .
Mmetụta na akụkọ nka nka
dezieMgbe Frobenius chọpụtara ihe atụ mbụ nke isi yiri ya, ọ mebiri nghọta Western dị adị banyere mmepeanya Africa. Ndị ọkachamara achọghị ikwere na Africa enwetụla mmepeanya nke nwere ike ịmepụta artefacts nke àgwà a. N'ịgbalị ịkọwa ihe e chere na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, Frobenius nyere echiche ya na ọ bụ ndị Gris oge ochie tụbara ihe ndị a na narị afọ nke iri na atọ BC. [8] O kwuru, nke na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama, na echiche ya n'echiche Gris oge ochie nwere ike ịbụ mmalite nke akụkọ mgbe ochie nke mmepeanya Atlantis furu efu. [9] [10]
Mmetụta na omenala nke oge a
dezieA na-eji onye isi Ife eme ihe na logos na akara nke ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dịka mahadum Obafemi Awolowo dị na Ile-Ife. [11]
Isi Ife nke British Museum gụnyere na 2010 isi ihe ngosi Alaeze nke Ife: Sculptures from West Africa, mepụtara na mmekorita ya na Nigeria National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Museum for African Art, New York na British Museum. Ihe ngosi a so n'usoro ihe omume na-eme ncheta afọ iri ise nke nnwere onwe Naijiria. [12] N'afọ 2011, Isi Ife tinyere na British Museum/BBC's A History of the World na 100 Objects [13]
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Na-eme mmemmeụbọchị ịma aka ojii2017 na ebe nchekwaZumbi dos Palmares,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hụkwa
dezie- Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu
- Benin bronze
- Bronze Head of Queen Idia
Edensibia
dezieIhe ndetu
- ↑ The name used by the British Museum
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ife head, History of the World in 100 Objects, BBC, retrieved 30 November 2013
- ↑ The British Museum collection database "scope note" on "copper alloy", "brass" and "bronze" reads "The term copper alloy should be searched for full retrievals on objects made or bronze or brass. This is because bronze and brass have at times been used interchangeably in the old documentation, and copper alloy is the Broad Term of both. In addition, the public may refer to certain collections by their popular name, such as 'The Benin Bronzes' most of which are actually made of brass." British Museum, "Scope Note" for "copper alloy".
- ↑ Bronzes from Ife and Benin, Peter Herrmann, Berlin, 2007, retrieved 30 November 2013
- ↑ National Art Collections Fund. Art we've helped buy. Art Fund. Retrieved on 21 June 2021.
- ↑ Ife head Brass head of a ruler, British Museum highlights, retrieved 30 November 2013
- ↑ (2006) in Hoffman: Art and cultural heritage : law, policy, and practice, 1. publ., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521857643.
- ↑ Frank Willet (1960). "Ife and Its Archaeology". The Journal of African History 1 (2): 231–248. DOI:10.1017/s002185370000181x.
- ↑ "German Discovers Atlantis in Africa; Leo Frobenius Says Find of Bronze Poseidon Fixes Lost Continent's Place", The New York Times, January 30, 1911. Retrieved on 18 December 2013.
- ↑ C. Hercules Read. "Plato's "Atlantis" rediscovered", Burlington Magazine, March 1911, pp. 330–5. Retrieved on 18 December 2013.
- ↑ Platte (2010). Bronze Head from Ife, Hambolu, M. O. (Musa O.), London: British Museum Press. ISBN 9780714125923. OCLC 430498709.
- ↑ Kingdom of Ife (en-GB). British Museum. Retrieved on 2018-11-10.
- ↑ BBC - A History of the World - Object : Ife head (en-GB). www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2018-11-10.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
- Suzanne Preston Blier, nka na ihe ize ndụ na Yoruba ochie: Ife History, Politics, and Identity c.1300, Cambridge University Press, 2015
- John Mack (ed), Africa, Arts and Culture, London 2005
- Editha Platte, Onye isi ọla si Ife, British Museum Press, 2010
- Frank Willett, Art of Ife (CD Rom), Mahadum Glasgow, 2004