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Ihe nkiri nke Naịjirịa

Ihe nkiri nke Naịjirịa
cinema by country or region
ihu nkecinema Dezie
mba/obodoNaijiria Dezie
ebeNaijiria Dezie

  

Ihe nkiri na Lagos

Ihe nkiri sinima nke Naịjirịa, nke a na-akpọkarị Nollywood, nwere ihe nkiri ndị e mepụtara na Naịjirị; akụkọ ihe mere eme ya malitere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na n'oge ọchịchị na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. [1] na-ekewa akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime oge anọ: oge Colonial, oge Golden Age, Oge ihe nkiri vidio na Oge ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke Naijiria.

Ihe nkiri [2] ka ihe na-eme ihe nkiri rutere na Naijiria na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, n'ụdị anya anya nke ngwaọrụ ihe nkiri. [3][1]'oge na-adịghị anya, a gbanwere ihe ndị a na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 site na ngwaọrụ ngosi ihe nkiri ka mma, na ihe nkiri mbụ e gosipụtara na Glover Memorial Hall na Lagos site na 12 ruo 22 Ọgọst 1903. [4][5] nkiri mbụ e mere na Naijiria bụ Palaver nke 1926 nke Geoffrey Barkas duziri, nke bụkwa nke mbụ gosipụtara ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na ọrụ dị mkpa. [1] [2] Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1954, ụgbọala ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-agagharị agagharị na-egwuri egwu ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde mmadụ 3.5 na Naịjirịa, a na-egosikwa ihe nkiri ndị Naịjirị na-emepụta n'efu na ụlọ ihe nkiri 44 dịnụ. Ih[6] nkiri mbụ e nyere ikike nwebisiinka na Ngalaba Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa bụ Fincho (1957) nke Sam Zebba; nke bụkwa ihe nkiri Naịjarị mbụ a gbara na agba.

Mgbe nnwere onwe [7] gasịrị na 1960, azụmahịa ihe nkiri ahụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa, na-eguzobe ụlọ ihe nkiri ọhụrụ. [8][9]'ihi ya, ihe nkiri Naijiria na ụlọ ihe nkiri mụbara na ngwụcha afọ 1960 ruo n'afọ 1970, ọkachasị mmepụta sitere na Western Nigeria, n'ihi ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị ka Hubert Ogunde na Moses Olaiya na-abanye na nnukwu ihuenyo. [10]'afọ 1972, Yakubu Gowon wepụtara Iwu Indigenization, nke na-achọ ka ndị nwe ihe nkiri ihe dị ka 300 site n'aka ndị nwe ha na mba ọzọ gaa na ndị Naijiria, nke mere ka ọtụtụ ndị Naijeria na-arụ ọrụ na sinima na ihe nkiri. [1] Ọga[9] mmanụ nke 1973 ruo 1978 nyekwara aka nke ukwuu n'ịkwalite ọdịbendị ihe nkiri na Naijiria, dịka mmụba nke ike ịzụta na Naijeria mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala nwee ego a ga-eji mepụta na ihe nkiri na telivishọn ụlọ. Mgbe ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na-eme nke ọma gasịrị, Papa Ajasco (1984) nke Wale Adenuga ghọrọ ihe nkiri mbụ, na-enweta ihe dịka Ō61,000 (ihe dịka 2015 Ō21,552,673) n'ime ụbọchị atọ. [11] afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Mosebolatan (1985) nke Moses Olaiya gara n'ihu na-enweta ego 107,000 (ihe dị ka 2015),180,499) n'ime ụbọchị ise.

[12] ọdịda nke oge ọlaedo gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria nwere ọganihu nke abụọ n'afọ ndị 1990, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ ntọhapụ nke ihe nkiri vidio Living in Bondage (1992); ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruru n'etiti afọ 2000 iji ghọọ ụlọ ọrụ ihe mere eme nke abụọ kachasị n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri kwa afọ, na-etinye ya n'ihu United States na n'azụ naanị India. [13] malitere ịchịkwa ihe ngosi gafee kọntinent Afrịka, na site n'ịgbatị Caribbean na diaspora sara mbara, [1] na ihe nkiri na-emetụta ọdịbendị [14] na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ịghọ aha ezinụlọ gafee klọb ahụ. [15] ahụ mekwara [16] mmeghachi omume megide ihe nkiri Naijiria n'ọtụtụ mba, na-ejikọta echiche dịka "Nigerialization of Africa". [1]

Kemgbe etiti afọ 2000, n'oge ọdịda nke oge ihe nkiri vidio, ihe nkiri Naijiria enweela mgbanwe ụfọdụ iji kwalite ogo na mmepụta na ọkachamara na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na The Figurine (2009) nke a na-ewere n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka akara mgbanwe dị mkpa nke ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke oge a. [17][1] ahụ, e nweela mmeghachi omume na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri, na nloghachi na-aga n'ihu nke ọdịbendị ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa. [18] ọ na-erule n'afọ 2013, a na-ahụta ihe nkiri Naijiria dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke atọ kachasị baa uru n'ụwa dabere na uru ya na ego ọ na-enweta. na ihe nkiri na-emetụta ọdịbendị nke ukwuu.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sinima na Naijiria malitere n'oge akụkọ ihe nkiri n'onwe ya; karịsịa na njedebe narị afọ nke 19, na ojiji nke peephole ikiri ngwaọrụ ihe nkiri. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị a nọchiri ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na ngwaọrụ ihe ngosi ihe onyonyo ka mma; ihe nkiri mbụ e gosiri na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naijiria bụ ihe nkiri Western, nke emere ihe nkiri mbụ na Glover Memorial Hall na Lagos si 12 ruo 22 August 1903.[1][19] N'afọ ahụ, Herbert Macaulay hụrụ oku ka ọ bịa Nigeria, Balboa na Company,Spain iji hazie ihe ngosi ngosi nke ihe nkiri ndị gbachiri nkịtị na Nigeria.[19][20]

Ọ bụ ezie na Maazị Balboa mechara mechie ihe ngosi ya na Lagos, ka ọ nọgidere na-egosi ihe nkiri na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi ya mere ka onye ahịa Europe, Stanley Jones, malite igosi ihe nkiri n'otu Glover Memorial Hall, malite na Nọvemba 1903. [20] [19] mere ka ndị na-egosi ihe nkiri na Europe bata na Naịjirịa. Ih[21] nkiri mbụ e mere n'oge mbụ a bịara na 3 Ọgọst 1904, mgbe e gosipụtara ihe ngosi banyere nleta Alake nke Abeokuta na England.

Oge ọchịchị (ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 19 - mmalite afọ nke 1960)

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Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-achị ala ọzọ malitere imepụta ihe nkiri maka ndị na-ege ntị n'ime Naịjirịa kemgbe afọ 1920, na-ejikarị ihe nkiri na'ime ụlọ dị ka ụzọ ngosi; [22] ihe nkiri mbụ e mere na Naịjirị bụ Palaver nke Geoffrey Barkas mepụtara na 1926. [4] nkiri ahụ bụkwa ihe nkiri mbụ gosipụtara ndị [5]-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na-ekwu okwu. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria gosipụtara na Palaver gụnyere Dawiya na Yilkuba. [4][5] sere ihe nkiri ahụ n'etiti ndị Sura na Angas nke Bauchi na Plateau States nke oge a na Northern Nigeria, ma kọwaa esemokwu dị n'etiti onye isi mpaghara Britain na onye na-egwupụta ihe nke na-eduga n'agha. Ọzọkwa n'oge a, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na Naijiria, otu n'ime ndị a ma ama bụ Sanders of the River nke Zoltán Korda nke 1935, nke gosipụtara onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri Orlando Martins. [23] gosipụtakwara [1] ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ a ma ama gụnyere The Man from Morocco (1945), Men of Two Worlds (1946) na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke a mere ka Martins bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria a ma ama n'oge ya. [1] [2] Ka ọ na-erule 1921, e nwere ụlọ nzukọ anọ ọzọ na-egosi ihe nkiri ugboro abụọ n'izu na Lagos Mainland na otu ụlọ nzukọ nke ọ bụla na Ebute Metta na Oshodi. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, ihe nkiri sinima aghọwo ihe a ma ama na Lagos na ìgwè mmadụ nke ndị na-eto eto na ndị agadi na-echekarị n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ihe nkiri. Okpukpe [19] aka n'ịgbasawanye ọdịbendị ihe nkiri dịka ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst jiri sinima maka mgbasa ozi okpukpe. [1]

Ka ụlọ ihe nkiri sinima ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndụ ọha na eze n'obodo Lagos na-apụta n'oge ahụ, ngwụcha afọ 1930 ruo afọ 1940 gosipụtara mmalite nke nguzobe nnukwu ụlọ ihe nkiri azụmahịa nwere alaka n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Lagos bụ "West African Pictures Company" nke Maazị S. Khalil, onye otu obodo Siria na Lagos.   [citation needed] O guzobere Rex Cinema na Ebute Metta, Regal Cinema na Royal Cinema. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ a ma ama gụnyere: Capitol Cinema, Casino Cinema, Kings Cinema, Central Cinema, Rialto Cinema, Corona Cinema, Odeon Cinema, Road House Cinema, Ikeja Arms Cinema na Glover Hall. [19]'afọ 1937, gọọmentị na-achị mba ahụ guzobere Board of Censorship iji dozie okwu ndị metụtara nguzobe na ọrụ nke ụlọ ihe nkiri na mpaghara ahụ. Ihe ndị Naijiria na-eme na ihe nkiri ndị e mere ma gosipụta na sinima ndị Naijeria n'oge a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị ka ndị mba ọzọ na-achịkwa mmepụta na nkesa. [10][9]'ihi ya, ihe nkiri ntụrụndụ na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme ka ndị Yoruba na-eme njem, nke pụtara na 1930s ruo 1940s; Otu n'ime ndị a ma ama bụ Agbegijo na Alarinjo, nke gosipụtara ndị na-eme egwuregwu dịka Duro Ladipo, Ishola Ogunmola, Lere Paimo, Oyin Adejobi, na ndị ọzọ.

N'afọ 1949 ruo n'afọ 1950, ọnọdụ ihe gbanwere ntakịrị, na-egosipụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị na Naijiria na sinima; [9] site na ebumnuche a na-ekwu na ọ na-eme ka mmepụta ihe nkiri "Africanize", [22] e guzobere Ngalaba Ihe nkiri Naijiria iji wepụ mmepụta ihe osise. Ngalaba ihe nkiri Colonial, n'ime afọ iri, gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ nye ndị na-ege ntị n'ógbè ahụ site na ụgbọala sinima ya. [22] mepụtara akụkọ akụkọ na ihe ngosi dị mkpirikpi, na-egosi ememe na ihe ndị ọchịchị na-eme n'ụlọ na mba ofesi.

Golden Age (ọgwụgwụ afọ 1950 - ngwụcha afọ 1980)

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Mgbe nnwere onwe [24] gasịrị na 1960, azụmahịa ihe nkiri ahụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa, na-eguzobe ụlọ ihe nkiri ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri America, India, China na Japan; ihe ngosi nke ihe nkiri sitere na mba ndị a dị n'ụlọ ihe nkiri niile na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri sitere n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ghọrọ ndị a ma ama na Naịjirịa. [8][9] ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1960 na n'ime afọ 1970, mmepụta Naijiria n'ụlọ ihe nkiri ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa, ọkachasị mmepụta sitere na Western Nigeria, n'ihi ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka Hubert Ogunde, Ola Balogun, Moses Olaiya, Jab Adu, Isola Ogunsola, Ladi Ladebo, Sanya Dosumu na Sadiq Balewa n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na-agafe na nnukwu ihuenyo. Ndị [25]-eme ihe nkiri ndị a mekwara ihe nkiri mbụ zuru oke na Naijiria, nke a gbara na celluloid, n'afọ ndị 1960. [1]

Mgbasa nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Ghana

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N'ihe dị ka afọ 2006 ruo 2007, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria bụ Frank Rajah Arase bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Ghana, Venus Films, nke gụnyere inyere aka iwebata ndị na-eme egwuregwu Ghana na Nollywood. Njikọ a mesịrị mee ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana bụrụ ndị a ma ama, dị ka Van Vicker, Jackie Appiah, Majid Michel, Yvonne Nelson, John Dumelo, Nadia Buari na Yvonne Okoro, nke a na-ekwu na ọ dị ka ndị Naijiria. Ọzọkwa, kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ; n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke mmepụta ihe nkiri na Naijiria, a manyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme fim na mpụga Lagos iji belata ọnụahịa, na-egosipụta ọpụpụ nke ime ihe nkiri na Los Angeles">Hollywood site na Los Angeles gaa n'obodo ndị dị ka Toronto na Albuquerque, usoro a maara dị ka "mmepụta Rouneway". Ọtụtụ ndị [14]-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ n'ihi ya malitere ịgbapụ n'obodo ndị dị ka Accra, Ghana, na-etinye ego ahụ n'ịtụba ego na ngwá ọrụ ka mma, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anwa itinye ihe nkiri ha na nnukwu ihuenyo.

N'afọ 2013, Nigerian Entertainment Today kpughere na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana nwere pasent 60 nke ngụkọta ahịa n'afọ ahụ. Nnyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ mere gosiri na n'ime ihe nkiri 184 gosipụtara na Nollytuned.com, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Naijiria, n'etiti Eprel na Ọgọst 2013, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọ dịkarịa ala 93 n'ime ha. [26] kọwakwara na e nwere nnukwu ọchịchọ maka ihe omume Ghana na ụlọ ahịa vidio. Na mbipụta mbụ nke Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA) na 2013, e nyere Jackie Appiah nke Ghana Best Actress in a Lead Role. N'otu afọ ahụ, e nyere Appiah ọzọ 'Best Actress' na Nollywood na African Film Critics Awards (NAFCA). [26] A na-enyekwa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana dị ka Majid Michel onyinye n'ọtụtụ mmemme Nollywood.

[26] Onanuga, onye edemede edemede Naijiria na-ata ụta maka omume a na enweghị mmasị nke ndị Naijiria guzobere isonye na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na vidiyo. Site [27] mpụta nke New Nigerian Cinema, ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria chọrọ ọrụ na nnukwu ihuenyo iji bulie ọrụ ha, na-ajụ ịpụta na ihe nkiri vidio; ndị na-eme egwuregwu na Ghana n'ihi ya jiri nke a mee ihe, ka ha na-aghọwanye ndị a ma ama na ihe nkiri vidiyo Naijiria nke na-agbadata n'oge a, mana ha ka na-ewu ewu. [26]

Ọg[28] a kpaliri ndị mgbasa ozi; ọtụtụ nchegbu na ndị Ghana na-eweghara ọrụ maka ndị Naijiria. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ dịka Bob Manuel anaghị anabata mmepe ahụ, ndị ọzọ dị ka Mercy Aigbe, Belinda Effah, na Yvonne Jegede hụrụ ya dị ka mmepe a nabatara; na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ buru ibu maka onye ọ bụla, nakwa na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ gafee ụwa nwekwara ọnụnọ nke mba ndị ọzọ. [26] Edem kwuru, sị: "A united Africa na-ere kwa ụbọchị, oge ọ bụla. Ọ bụ nnukwu mmekọrịta ruo ugbu a. Ha agbakwunyere agba na Nollywood ma ha wetara asọmpi dị mma. [28] Emem Isong, onye na-emepụta ihe na Naijiria kwuru, sị, sị: 'Ọ na-akwalite ịdị n'otu na njikọta na nke ahụ abụghị ihe ọjọọ".

Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Gha[29] n'aka nke ọzọ kọwara omume ahụ dị ka "ọbara na-agbanye" site na Ghana. Otú [26] dị, onye nduzi Ghana Frank Fiifi Gharbin, gosipụtara afọ ojuju na mmepe ahụ, na-ekwu, sị: "ekwesịghị inwe nnukwu esemokwu banyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana na Nollywood. Maka anyị ọ bụ ezigbo mmepe. Ọ na-egosi na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri anyị na-amalite inweta ọkwa ma na-anabata ha n'ụwa niile".

Mmetụta

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Mgbasawanye mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Naịjirịa na Ghana site n'etiti afọ 2000 dugara n'ịlọghachi nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Ghana. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mmepụta Ghana nwere ikike nwebisiinka na Nollywood ma kesaa ya site n'aka ndị ahịa Naijiria n'ihi ahịa buru ibu nke Naijiria. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na-egosipụtakarị ndị na-eme egwuregwu Ghana na ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nakwa nke ahụ emeela ka ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri Ghana bụrụ ndị na-ewu ewu dịka ndị Naịjiria ibe ha. Ndị [30] na-eme ihe nkiri emeela ihe nkiri ụfọdụ na Ghana, iji mee ka ihe nkiri ahụ jide ndị na-ege ntị. [31] [32] Van Vicker, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana a ma ama, emeela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Naijiria. N'ihi mmekorita ndị a, ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ na-agbagwoju ihe nkiri Ghana anya na ihe nkiri Naijiria ma gụọ ahịa ha dị ka otu; Otú ọ dị, ha bụ ụlọ ọrụ abụọ nwere onwe ha nke na-ekerịta okwu "Nollywood" mgbe ụfọdụ.

Ịbụ onye a ma ama na ịrịọ arịrịọ

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[33]'afọ 2009, Unesco kwuru Nollywood dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa mgbe Ihe nkiri India gasịrị n'ihe gbasara mmepụta.

Afrịka

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Nnukwu ewu ewu nke mmepụta Nollywood emeela ka mmeghachi omume megide ihe nkiri Naijiria n'ọtụtụ mba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a kọọrọ na ụlọ ahịa na-ere ihe nkiri Naijiria bụ ndị ndị uwe ojii wakporo na Ghana; dị ka ha si kwuo, "ha na-agba mbọ ka ihe nkiri Naịjirịa ghara ịchị ha". [13] [16] Ọtụtụ gọọmentị ndị ọzọ ewepụtala usoro nchebe, ụfọdụ n'ime ha gụnyere iwebata ụtụ isi ụgha maka ụlọ mmepụta ihe chọrọ ise ihe nkiri na mba ha. [15][14]'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2010, Ghana malitere ịrịọ US $ 1,000 site n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na US $ 5,000 site n'etiti ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị nduzi. Democratic Republic of Congo nwara ịmachibido ihe nkiri Naijiria iwu. Jean Rouch, onye mmeri nke nka ụmụ amaala na Niger, jiri Nollywood tụnyere ọrịa AIDS. [14] kwuru na o yiri ka e nwere "Nigerianization" nke Africa, na-echegbu onwe ya na kọntinent ahụ dum abịala "ịsa mkpịsị aka ya n'ụzọ Naijiria".

Europe

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[34] ọrụ ihe nkiri [35] nwere ndị na-eso ụzọ siri ike n'etiti ndị Afrịka bi na Europe, ọkachasị na United Kingdom.

Nzukọ na ihe omume

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Nzukọ

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  • Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke Naịjirịa (AGN): bụ njikọ, nke na-achịkwa ma na-anọchite anya ihe omume nke ndị na-eme fim na Naịjiria na mba ofesi. [36] bụ onye isi ala a họpụtara ahọpụta na-eduzi ya.
  • Creative Designers Guild of Nigeria (CDGN)
  • Ndị nduzi Guild nke Naịjirịa (DGN)
  • Òtù Ndị Na-ese Ihe Edo nke Naijiria (EAAN)
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa
  • Ndị edemede nke Naịjirịa

Ihe omume

dezie
  • Africa International Film Festival (AFRIFF)
  • Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
  • Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA): bụ ihe nrite na Naijiria, nke na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ime ihe nkiri magburu onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Afrịka. E kere ya na 2005 ma were ya dị ka ihe nrite kachasị ewu ewu na Nollywood na kọntinent Afrịka. Ọ bụkwa nke agụụ na-agụkarị mgbe onyinye na ihe omume gasịrị n'ụwa ihe nkiri Afrịka. [36]
  • Ihe nrite Nollywood kacha mma
  • Ihe nrite Nollywood Movies

Hụkwa

dezie
  • Nollywood
  • Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Naijiria
  • Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Naijiria kachasị ego
  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria
  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri na Naijiria
  • Mgbasa ozi na Naịjirịa
  • Ihe nkiri nke Africa
  • Ihe nkiri nke Ijipt
  • Ndepụta nke ntinye Naijiria maka onyinye Academy maka Best International Feature Film

Edensibia

dezie

Macaulay kpọrọ oku ka ọ bịa Nigeria, Balboa and Company, N'afọ 1949 ruo n'afọ 1950, ọnọdụ ihe gbanwere ntakịrị, na-egosipụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị na Naijiria na sinima; site na ebumnuche a na-ekwu na ọ na-eme ka mmepụta ihe nkiri "Africanize",

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Emeagwali, Gloria (Spring 2004). Editorial: Nigerian Film Industry. Central Connecticut State University. Africa Update Vol. XI, Issue 2. Archived from the original on 27 November 2009. Retrieved on 16 July 2014.
  2. ↑ X-raying Nigerian Entertainment Industry At 49. Modern Ghana (30 September 2009). Retrieved on 13 April 2015.
  3. ↑ Olubomehin (2012). "CINEMA BUSINESS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA SINCE 1903". Historical Research Letter 3. ISSN 2224-3178. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 PALAVER: A ROMANCE OF NORTHERN NIGERIA. Colonial Film. Retrieved on 13 April 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ekenyerengozi, Michael Chima (21 May 2014). Recognizing Nigeria's Earliest Movie Stars - Dawiya, King of the Sura and Yilkuba, the Witch Doctor. IndieWire. Shadow and Act. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved on 13 April 2015.
  6. ↑ Lights, Camera, Africa!!!. Goethe Institute. Retrieved on 24 August 2015.
  7. ↑ Olubomehin (2012). "CINEMA BUSINESS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA SINCE 1903". Historical Research Letter 3. ISSN 2225-0964. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Adegbola, Tunde (2011). Coming of Age in Nigerian Moviemaking. African Film Festival Inc. New York. Retrieved on 7 April 2015.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 History of Nollywood. Nificon. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Obiaya, Ikechukwu. The Blossoming of the Nigerian Video Film Industry. Academia. Retrieved on 7 April 2015.
  11. ↑ Olubomehin (2012). "CINEMA BUSINESS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA SINCE 1903". Historical Research Letter 3. ISSN 2224-3178. 
  12. ↑ Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second largest film producer – UN. United Nations (5 May 2009). Retrieved on 26 March 2013.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Onikeku, Qudus. Nollywood: The Influence of the Nigerian Movie Industry on African Culture. Academia. Retrieved on 12 February 2015.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Nollywood: Lights, camera, Africa. The Economist (16 December 2010). Retrieved on 20 February 2015.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Nollywood": What's in a Name?. Nigeria Village Square (3 July 2005). Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved on 20 February 2015.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Onuzulike, Uchenna (2007). Nollywood: The Influence of the Nigerian Movie Industry on African Culture. Nollywood Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2014. Retrieved on 12 February 2014.
  17. ↑ "Nigerian films try to move upmarket: Nollywood's new scoreboard", The Economist, 17 July 2014. Retrieved on 20 March 2015.
  18. ↑ Brown, Funke Osae (24 December 2013). Nollywood improves quality, leaps to N1.72trn revenue in 2013. Business Day Newspaper. Business Day Online. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved on 1 November 2014.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Olubomehin (2012). "CINEMA BUSINESS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA SINCE 1903". Historical Research Letter 3. ISSN 2224-3178. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nnabuko (June 2012). "NOLLYWOOD MOVIES AND NIGERIAN YOUTHS-AN EVALUATION". Jorind 10 10 (2). ISSN 1596-8308. Retrieved on 18 February 2015. 
  21. ↑ (2018) in Morosetti: Africa on the Contemporary London Stage (in en-gb). DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-94508-8. ISBN 978-3-319-94507-1. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Nigerian Film Unit. Colonial Film. Retrieved on 29 March 2015.
  23. ↑ Soyingbe, Anthonia (30 September 2009). Nigeria: X-Raying The Country's Entertainment Industry at 49. allAfrica.com. Retrieved on 29 March 2015.
  24. ↑ Olubomehin (2012). "CINEMA BUSINESS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA SINCE 1903". Historical Research Letter 3. ISSN 2225-0964. 
  25. ↑ New Nigerian Cinema: An Interview with Akin Adesokan (2006).. Archived from the original on 2006-09-16. Retrieved on 2024-02-17.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Enengedi, Victor (23 September 2013). NET SPECIAL FEATURE: Ghanaian actresses take over Nollywood. Nigerian Entertainment Today. The NET NG. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved on 16 February 2015.Enengedi, Victor (23 September 2013).
  27. ↑ Ekeanyanwu, Nnamdi Tobechukwu. Nollywood, New Communication Technologies and Indigenous Cultures in a Globalized World: The Nigerian Dilemma. Covenant University. Department of Mass Communication, College of Human Development. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved on 20 February 2015.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Ebirim, Juliet (22 March 2014). Are the Ghanaian actors taking over Nollywood?. Vanguard Newspaper. The Vanguard. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
  29. ↑ Brain Drain In Ghana Movie Industry?. Spy Ghana (27 March 2014). Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
  30. ↑ Korkus, Stella (29 July 2013). Ghanaian Actors Have Become Household Names In Nollywood.. Retrieved on 29 March 2014.
  31. ↑ Ghana News (27 March 2014). Brain Drain In Ghana Movie Industry?. Spy Ghana. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved on 29 March 2014.
  32. ↑ Angelo, Mike. Ghanaian Actor, Majid Michel Salutes Nollywood, Berates Ghollywood. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved on 29 March 2014.
  33. ↑ Clayton. "Nollywood success puts Nigeria's film industry in regional spotlight", The Times, 3 April 2010. Retrieved on 3 April 2010.
  34. ↑ Ozolua, Uhakheme (1 August 2007). Nigerian Film Industry Needs No Recognition – Oni. Open University. THE NOLLYWOOD FILM INDUSTRY AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN THE UK. Retrieved on 7 April 2015.
  35. ↑ Nollywood Film Industry and the African Diaspora in the UK. Open University. Retrieved on 7 April 2015.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Facts About Nigerian Movies and History. Total Facts about Nigeria. Retrieved on 22 October 2014."Facts About Nigerian Movies and History".
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