Asụsụ Siwi

Siwi (nke a makwaara dị ka Siwa ma ọ bụ Siwa Berber; aha ala: Jlan n isiwan) bụ Asụsụ Berber kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke a na-ekwu n'ọzara ọdịda anyanwụ Ijipt site na mmadụ 15,000 ruo 20,000 na Oasis nke Siwa na Gara, nso Ókèala Libya.

Language name
Spoken in:	—
Region:	—
Total speakers:	—
Language family:	Default
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	—

Siwi bụ asụsụ nkịtị nke nkwurịta okwu kwa ụbọchị n'etiti ndị Berber Ijipt nke Siwa na Gara, mana n'ihi na anaghị akụzi ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ, nke gọọmentị Ijipt na-eji eme ihe ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentụ Ijipt nabatara, ọ ga-abụ na ọ ga-eyi ndụ ya ogologo oge egwu site na kọntaktị ya na iji Arabic Ijipt na alụmdi na nwunye ngwakọta; ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Siwi niile taa na-amụta ịsụ asụsụ Arabic Ijipt dị ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ site na nwata.

Siwi enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu site na Arabic, karịsịa ndị Ijipt na Ndị Bedouin, kamakwa ọkwa mbụ nke Arabic.

Siwi bụ naanị asụsụ Berber nke a mụrụ n'Ijipt ma na-asụ ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ karịa ụdị Berber ọ bụla ọzọ dị na North Africa. N'ime Berber, ọ na-apụta maka ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke asụsụ, gụnyere ọdịda nke ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị n'ọtụtụ, enweghị ụdị ngwaa na-adịghị mma, ojiji nke nkwekọrịta zuru oke na ngwaa na isiokwu rela, ojiji de la maka ịgbagha ahịrịokwu na ịgbaziri site na Arabic nke ụdị ntụnyere na-arụpụta ihe maka adjectives. Siwi na-egosipụtakwa otu ụdị nke dị oke ụkọ, ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara kamakwa n'ụwa niile: nkwekọrịta onye na-edetara na ngosipụta.

Nchịkọta

A na-ejikọta Siwi na mpaghara Zenati nke Berber, na-agbaso ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke iri na ise al-Maqrizi, na Destaing, bụ ndị na-emeso ha abụọ dị ka ndị otu "ìgwè du Nord", na ndabere nke myirịta na usoro okwu. [1] na-ekwu na ọ na-ekerịta njirimara nke mbelata ụdaume prefix na Zenati. Militarev, [1] Ethnologue [2] sochiri, tinyere Siwi n'òtù Eastern Berber, tinyere Awjila na Sokna n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Libya. [1] jikọtara ya na Sokna na ụyọkọ asụsụ Nafusi nke ọdịda anyanwụ Libya na Tunisia, mana ọ bụghị na Awjila. [1] n'otu aka ahụ na-arụ ụka, dabere na ihe ọhụrụ ndị e nwekọrọ ọnụ, na Siwi sitere na asụsụ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti Nafusi na Sokna nke na-ewepu Awjila, ma gaa n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na Awjila mgbe asụsụ a gbasara.

"Endangered Languages Project" na-ekewa asụsụ Siwa dị ka nke na-adịghị ike ịla n'iyi, na-edepụta 20% nkwenye dabere na ihe akaebe a chịkọtara.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Dị ka Naumann nyochara, Siwi nwere ngụkọta nke akụkụ 44 dị iche iche, ụdaume 38 na ụdaume 6.

Mkpụrụ okwu

Asụsụ Siwa nwere ụdaume , nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịpụta ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo.

		Akpụkpọ ahụ		Alveolar (Ọdịdị dị egwu)		Postalveolar/Palatal (Laminal)	Velar		Uvular		Epiglottal	Mkpịsị aka
		ala dị larịị	Far.	ala dị larịị	Far.		ala dị larịị	ụlọ nyocha	ala dị larịị	ụlọ nyocha
Ụgbọ imi		m	na-eme	n
Kwụsị	enweghị olu			t	na-adị	t͡ʃ*	k	kw	q	qw		(ʔ)
	kwuru okwu	b	na-adị	d	di na nwunye	d͡ʒ*	ɡọ	ɡw
Ihe na-esiri ike	enweghị olu	f	na-adị	s	na-ekwu na ọ bụ	ʃ			χ	χw	Ọdịdị
	kwuru okwu			z	Zhia				ʁ*	ʁw*	Ọdịdị*	Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka ọ dị
N'akụkụ				l	Ọ bụ n'afọ ndị ahụ ka a na-akpọ
Ihe atụ						j		w
Ihe na-akpaghị aka				ɾ*	na-ekwu na ọ bụ

Ilu

'etiti akwụkwọ ndị dị ugbu a na Siwi, ọ bụ naanị Malim na-atụle ilu n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti "omume", ndụmọdụ oge n'ụdị ilu, na ilu kwesịrị ekwesị. Ihe atụ nke mbụ gụnyere "Yiri uwe ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ, mana rie ma ṅụọ ihe ị na-ahụrụ"; nke ikpeazụ, "Onye na-ere ehi, ma rịọ maka ego maka ụmụ ahụhụ na ya" (na transcription ya, Yzenz tfonst, eftash aflokrad ines), na-akwa nchegbu gabigara ókè banyere obere ego.

Ihe Nlereanya

Ihe osise nke obere ihe na njikọ na-esonụ nwere ndepụta nke nnọchiaha na ekele ndị e dere na Siwi, mgbe ahụ na nkwupụta Bekee na ntụgharị, ma mechie na nkọwa nke okwu ahụ na Arabic.

Edensibia

mana ọ bụghị na Awjila. [1] n'otu aka ahụ na-arụ ụka, dabere na ihe ọhụrụ ndị e nwekọrọ ọnụ, na Siwi sitere na asụsụ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti Nafusi na Sokna nke na-ewepu Awjila, ma gaa n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na

• Al-Jawhari (1949). {{{title}}}. Cairo: Dar Al-Qawmiya, 209–219. 
• Al-Maqrizi (1997). {{{title}}}. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah. 
• Abd Allah (1917). "Siwan Customs", in Bates: Varia Africana I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 2–28. 
• Aikhenvald (1984). "Klassifikacja livijsko-guančskih jazykov", IV vsesojuznaja konferencija afrikanistov 'Afrika v 80-e gody: itogi i perspektivy razvitija' (Moskva, 3-5 oktjabrja 1984 g.), II. Moscow: Institut Afrika Akademii Nauk SSSR, 83–85. 
•  
• Bricchetti-Robetti (1889). "Sul dialetto di Siuwah". Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei 286 (5). 
• Destaing (1920). "Note sur la conjugaison des verbes de forme C1eC2". Mémoires de la Société Linguistique de Paris 22: 139–148. 
• Fakhry (1973). Siwa Oasis. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-123-1. 
• Kossmann (1999). Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère. Köln: Köppe. ISBN 9783896450357. 
• Kossmann (2013). The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25308-7. 
• Laoust (1932). Siwa I: son parler. Paris: Ernest Leroux. 
• Malim (2001). Oasis Siwa: From the Inside. Traditions, customs, magic. Egypt: Al Katan. 
• Naumann (2009). Siwa (Siwi). Numeral Systems of the World's Languages. Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved on 2024-02-28.
• Naumann (2012). Acoustically Based Phonemes of Siwi (Berber). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-936-7. 
• Schiattarella (2016). Berber Texts from Siwa (Egypt) - including a Grammatical Sketch. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-946-6. 
• Schiattarella. The accent functions on nouns in Siwi. Academia.edu.
• Schiffer (1936). Die Oase Siwa und ihre Musik. Bottrop i. Westfalen: Wilhelm Postberg. 
• Souag (2009). "Siwa and its significance for Arabic dialectology". Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik 51: 51–75. 
•  
• Souag (2013). Berber and Arabic in Siwa (Egypt). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-937-4. 
• Souag (2014). "The development of addressee agreement on demonstratives". Diachronica 31 (4): 535–563. DOI:10.1075/dia.31.4.04sou. 
• Souag (2015). "The Development of Dative Agreement in Berber: Beyond Nominal Hierarchies". Transactions of the Philological Society 113 (2): 213–248. DOI:10.1111/1467-968X.12049. 
• Souag (2016). "The origin of mid vowels in Siwi". Studies in African Linguistics 45 (1 & 2): 189–208. DOI:10.32473/sal.v45i1.107251. 
• Stanley (1912). "The Siwan Language and Vocabulary, Proper Names, Siwan Money, Weights and Measures (Continued from the Journal of April, 1912.)". Journal of the Royal African Society 11 (44): 438–457. 
• UNESCO (2010). in Moseley: Atlas of the world's languages in danger. Retrieved on 2023-03-02. 
• Vycichl (2005). "Jlân n Isîwan: Sketch of the Berber Language of the Oasis of Siwa (Egypt)", in Ibriszimow: Berberstudien & A Sketch of Siwi Berber (Egypt), Berber Studies. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. ISBN 3-89645-389-0. 
• Walker (1921). The Siwi Language. London: Kegan Paul. 

Njikọ mpụga

 

• Ihe ndekọ Pangloss nke ihe ndekọ Siwi na transcriptions na nsụgharị
• ELAR archive nke akụkọ Siwi na mkparịta ụka ndekọ
• Ntinye nke World Atlas of Language Structures
• Siwa Ị maara na Siwi bụ onye na-adịghị ike? na Ọrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta Nri
• Nwa okorobịa na-asụ asụsụ Siwi Endangered Project - Siwi - Nwa okorobịaỌrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta - Siwi - Nwa nwoke na-ekwu

Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu na Siwi:

• Christfried Naumann
• Lameen Souag
• Valentina Schiattarella
• Valentina Serreli