Wikipedia

Asụsụ Luba-Kasai

 

Luba-Kasai
Cilubà[1] (Tshilubà)
Native to Democratic Republic of the Congo
Region Kasai
Ethnicity Baluba-Kasai (Bena-kasai)
Native speakers
 (6.3 million Cilubaphones cited 1991)[2]
Dialects
  • Ciluba-Lubilanji /Cena-Lubilanji (in Mbuji-Mayi, Tshilenge district, and western Gandajika territory)
  • Cena-Lulua (in Kananga, central-northern Lulua district, and eastern Luebo territory)
  • Cikwa-Nyambi (in Northern Kamonia territory & Tshikapa)
  • Cikwa-Luntu (in Dimbelenge territory)
Official status
Official language in
  Democratic Republic of Congo (national language)
Language codes
ISO 639-2 lua
ISO 639-3 lua
Glottolog luba1249
L.31[3]
Pidgin Chiluba
Native to DR Congo
Native speakers
 None
Luba-based pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 None (mis)
Glottolog None
L.30A[3]

Luba-Kasai, nke a makwara dị ka Western Luba, Bena-Lulua, Cilubà/Tshilubà, Luba-Lulua[4] ma ọ bụ Luva, bụ asụsụ Bantu (Zone L) nke Central Africa na asụsụ mba nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, n'akụkụ Lingala, Swahili, na Kikongo ya leta.[5]

Ndị Luba nke mpaghara East Kasai na-asụ olu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndị Lulua nke mpaghara West Kasai na asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ. E mere atụmatụ na ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọkà okwu dị nde 6.3 na 1991.

N'ime asụsụ Bantu nke mpaghara L, Luba-Kasai bụ otu n'ime otú asụsụ ndị mejupụtara otu "Luba", tinyere Kaonde (L40), Kete (L20), Kanyok, Luba-Catanga (KiLuba), Sanga, Zela na Bangubangu. A na-achịkọta asụsụ L20, L30 na L60 dị ka asụsụ Luban n'ime mpaghara L Bantu.

Nkesa nke ala na olumba dezie

A na-asụ Tshiluba n'ọtụtụ ebe dị na mpaghara Kasaï Occidental na Kasaï Oriental nke mba Democratic Republic of the Congo. Otú ọ dị, ọdịiche dị na Tshiluba n'ime mpaghara ahụ dị obere, nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndịiche dị n'olu na okwu, na ndị ọkà okwu na-aghọta ibe ha n'ụzọ dị mfe. Asụsụ abụọ ahụ nwere olumba ndị ọzọ ga.

Tụkwasara nke a, e nwekwara ụdị dị iche iche nke Tshiluba, ọkachasị n'obodo ukwu, ebe okwu French na ọbụna okwu sitere n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka Lingala ma ọ bụ Swahili, na-eme ka Tshiluba a na-asụ kwa ụbọchị baa ọgaranya.[3] Ka o sina dị, ọ bụghị ụdị pidgin ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị onye ọ bụla mana ọ na-agbanwe ọdịdị ya na ọnụọgụ na ogo nke a na-eji okwu sitere na asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Ụdị ya na-agbanwe dabere na onye na-asụ ya ma na-adịgasị iche site n'obodo gaa n'obodo na ọkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị mmadụ na-asụkarị asụsụ Tshiluba na ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị, kama pidgin.

Adịghị ike nke asụsụ a ga-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ emeela ka a jiri okwu French dochie okwu ala nna ya n'ọtụtụ akụkụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-asụkarị na-agụnye na French, karịa Tshiluba. Ọnọdụ nke French na Tshiluba na-eji n'otu oge mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ chee na e mehiere asụsụ ahụ. [citation needed]

Okwu siri ike dezie

Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Bekee
meme Mmụọ m
na ma ọ bụ na
nzolo/nsolo nzolu ọkụkọ
Egwuregwu bionsu ihe niile
agụpu mukela nnu
kapia mudilu ọkụ
bidia nshima fufu
malaba makelela ụnyaahụ / echi
lupepe luhepa ifufe
Mankaji (shi)/tatu wife Egbugbu nke ya nwanne nne
Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị bimpa nke ọma/ezi

Mkpụrụokwu dezie

Luba-Kasai ji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin, na digraphs ng, ny na sh mana enweghị mkpụrụ akwụkwọ q, r na x:[6]

Ọmụmụ ụda dezie

Tshiluba nwere usoro ụdaume ise nwere ogologo ụdaume:

N'ihu Central Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ i iː u uː
N'etiti e eː o oː
Emeghe a aː

Chaatị ahụ na-egosi mgbichiume nke Tshiluba.

Akụkụ abụọ Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwrg"><br><br><br> Alveolar Mgbe alv./Obodo



 Velar Ọkụ
Kwụsị/Affricate



 enweghị olu p t tʃ k
<small id="mwyQ">kwuru okwu</small> b d
N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ime ihe mp nt ntʃ Okpukpu
vd. Dọvanọ mb nd
Ihe na-esiri ike enweghị olu (nke a na-akpọ) f s ʃ h
<small id="mw8g">kwuru okwu</small> v z ʒ
N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ime ihe Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị ns nʃ
vd. Dọvanọ Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị nz nʒ
Ụgbọ imi m n ɲ ŋ
Ihe atụ l j w
  • /p/ nwekwara ike ịnwe ụda [[[].
  • Ọ bụrụ na /d/ bu ụzọ /i/, a pụkwara ịkpọpụta ya dị ka ụda [dʒ].

Ihe ederede ịma atụ dezie

Dị ka The Rosetta Project si kwuo, Nkeji edemede 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights na-atụgharị ka:[7]

Bantu bonsu badi baledibwa badikadile ne badi ne makokeshi amwe. Badi ne lungenyi lwa bumuntu ne kondo ka moyo, badi ne bwa kwenzelangana malu mu buwetu."A na-amụ ụmụ mmadụ niile n'efu ma ha nhata na ùgwù na ikike. A na-enye ha ezi uche na akọ na uche ma ha kwesịrị imekọrịta ihe n'ebe ibe ha nọ n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnne. "

Dịka Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko) si kwuo:

Mukayi wuani udi mu bujimi
"Nwunye m nọ n'ugbo"[8]
Mulunda wan wan wanwww'aka kalasa Uenda n'otu n'otu
"Enyi m gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ gara aga"[9]

Edensibia dezie

  1. ↑ "Cilubà" is Standard Orthography, pronounced like "Chilubà" and "Tshilubà".
  2. ↑ Luba-Kasai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  4. ↑ "Luba-Lulua" is too restrictive a name, as the Lulua people speak only the Western dialect of Luba-Kasai.
  5. ↑ The prefix tshi/ci means "language"
  6. ↑ Tshiluba language and alphabet. www.omniglot.com. Retrieved on 2017-04-11.
  7. ↑ Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Rosetta Project: A Long Now Foundation Library of Human Language (no author). (2010). https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_lua_undec-1
  8. ↑ Akindipe. Family in Tshiluba. Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko).
  9. ↑ Akindipe. Days in Tshiluba. Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko).

Edensibia dezie

  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Tonologische热rage tot de studie van het werkwoord na het tshiluba. 1949. Mémoires (Institut royal colonial belge. Ngalaba nke sayensị omume na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị). Nchịkọta na-8o ; t. 18, fasc. 4.
  • nke Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. Cilubà Phonetics: Atụmatụ maka 'Corpus-Based Phonettics from Below' Approach. 1999. Research Centre of African Languages and Literatures, Mahadum Ghent.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Polleunis na Ceuterick
  • Muyunga, Yacioko Kasengulu. 1979. Lingala na Ciluba okwu audiometry. Kinshasa: Presses Universitaires du Zaire maka Mahadum Mba nke Zaire (UNAZA).
  • Kabuta, Ngo Okwu ndị e goro ego na Cilubà, 2012. Mahadum Ghent, Belgium.
  • Willems, Em. Het Tshiluba van Kasayi voor beginnelingen 1943. Sint Norbertus

Njikọ mpụgara dezie

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asụsụ_Luba-Kasai&oldid=156551