Asụsụ Luba-Kasai

 

Luba-Kasai
Cilubà (Tshilubà)
Native to	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Region	Kasai Kasai-Occidental Kasai-Oriental
Ethnicity	Baluba-Kasai (Bena-kasai)
Native speakers	(6.3 million Cilubaphones cited 1991)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Luban Luba languages Luba-Kasai
Dialects	Ciluba-Lubilanji /Cena-Lubilanji (in Mbuji-Mayi, Tshilenge district, and western Gandajika territory) Cena-Lulua (in Kananga, central-northern Lulua district, and eastern Luebo territory) Cikwa-Nyambi (in Northern Kamonia territory & Tshikapa) Cikwa-Luntu (in Dimbelenge territory)
Official status
Official language in	Democratic Republic of Congo (national language)
Language codes
ISO 639-2	lua
ISO 639-3	lua
Glottolog	luba1249
Guthrie code	L.31

Pidgin Chiluba
Native to	DR Congo
Native speakers	None
Language family	Luba-based pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
Glottolog	None
Guthrie code	L.30A

Luba-Kasai, nke a makwara dị ka Western Luba, Bena-Lulua, Cilubà/Tshilubà, Luba-Lulua ma ọ bụ Luva, bụ asụsụ Bantu (Zone L) nke Central Africa na asụsụ mba nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, n'akụkụ Lingala, Swahili, na Kikongo ya leta.

Ndị Luba nke mpaghara East Kasai na-asụ olu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndị Lulua nke mpaghara West Kasai na asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ. E mere atụmatụ na ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọkà okwu dị nde 6.3 na 1991.

N'ime asụsụ Bantu nke mpaghara L, Luba-Kasai bụ otu n'ime otú asụsụ ndị mejupụtara otu "Luba", tinyere Kaonde (L40), Kete (L20), Kanyok, Luba-Catanga (KiLuba), Sanga, Zela na Bangubangu. A na-achịkọta asụsụ L20, L30 na L60 dị ka asụsụ Luban n'ime mpaghara L Bantu.

Nkesa nke ala na olumba

A na-asụ Tshiluba n'ọtụtụ ebe dị na mpaghara Kasaï Occidental na Kasaï Oriental nke mba Democratic Republic of the Congo. Otú ọ dị, ọdịiche dị na Tshiluba n'ime mpaghara ahụ dị obere, nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndịiche dị n'olu na okwu, na ndị ọkà okwu na-aghọta ibe ha n'ụzọ dị mfe. Asụsụ abụọ ahụ nwere olumba ndị ọzọ ga.

Tụkwasara nke a, e nwekwara ụdị dị iche iche nke Tshiluba, ọkachasị n'obodo ukwu, ebe okwu French na ọbụna okwu sitere n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka Lingala ma ọ bụ Swahili, na-eme ka Tshiluba a na-asụ kwa ụbọchị baa ọgaranya. Ka o sina dị, ọ bụghị ụdị pidgin ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị onye ọ bụla mana ọ na-agbanwe ọdịdị ya na ọnụọgụ na ogo nke a na-eji okwu sitere na asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Ụdị ya na-agbanwe dabere na onye na-asụ ya ma na-adịgasị iche site n'obodo gaa n'obodo na ọkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị mmadụ na-asụkarị asụsụ Tshiluba na ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị, kama pidgin.

Adịghị ike nke asụsụ a ga-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ emeela ka a jiri okwu French dochie okwu ala nna ya n'ọtụtụ akụkụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-asụkarị na-agụnye na French, karịa Tshiluba. Ọnọdụ nke French na Tshiluba na-eji n'otu oge mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ chee na e mehiere asụsụ ahụ. [citation needed]

Okwu siri ike

Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ	Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ	Bekee
meme	Mmụọ	m
na	ma ọ bụ	na
nzolo/nsolo	nzolu	ọkụkọ
Egwuregwu	bionsu	ihe niile
agụpu	mukela	nnu
kapia	mudilu	ọkụ
bidia	nshima	fufu
malaba	makelela	ụnyaahụ / echi
lupepe	luhepa	ifufe
Mankaji (shi)/tatu wife	Egbugbu nke ya	nwanne nne
Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị	bimpa	nke ọma/ezi

Mkpụrụokwu

Luba-Kasai ji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin, na digraphs ng, ny na sh mana enweghị mkpụrụ akwụkwọ q, r na x:

Ọmụmụ ụda

Tshiluba nwere usoro ụdaume ise nwere ogologo ụdaume:

	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ	i iː		u uː
N'etiti	e eː		o oː
Emeghe		a aː

Chaatị ahụ na-egosi mgbichiume nke Tshiluba.

		Akụkụ abụọ	Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwrg"><br><br><br>	Alveolar	Mgbe alv./Obodo	Velar	Ọkụ
Kwụsị/Affricate	enweghị olu	p		t	tʃ	k
	<small id="mwyQ">kwuru okwu</small>	b		d
	N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ime ihe	mp		nt	ntʃ	Okpukpu
	vd. Dọvanọ	mb		nd
Ihe na-esiri ike	enweghị olu	(nke a na-akpọ)	f	s	ʃ		h
	<small id="mw8g">kwuru okwu</small>		v	z	ʒ
	N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ime ihe		Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị	ns	nʃ
	vd. Dọvanọ		Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị	nz	nʒ
Ụgbọ imi		m		n	ɲ	ŋ
Ihe atụ				l	j	w

• /p/ nwekwara ike ịnwe ụda [[[].
• Ọ bụrụ na /d/ bu ụzọ /i/, a pụkwara ịkpọpụta ya dị ka ụda [dʒ].

Ihe ederede ịma atụ

Dị ka The Rosetta Project si kwuo, Nkeji edemede 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights na-atụgharị ka:

Ndị mmadụ na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma. Badi na ọ na-abụrịrị na ọ na na-abụ na ọ na.

"A na-amụ ụmụ mmadụ niile n'efu ma ha nhata na ùgwù na ikike. A na-enye ha ezi uche na akọ na uche ma ha kwesịrị imekọrịta ihe n'ebe ibe ha nọ n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnne. "

Dịka Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko) si kwuo:

Mukayi wuani udi mu bujimi

"Nwunye m nọ n'ugbo"

Mulunda wan wan wanwww'aka kalasa Uenda n'otu n'otu

"Enyi m gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ gara aga"

Edensibia

• Samuel Phillips Verner (1899). Mukanda wa Chiluba. Spottiswoode. Retrieved on 26 August 2012. 

Edensibia

• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Tonologische热rage tot de studie van het werkwoord na het tshiluba. 1949. Mémoires (Institut royal colonial belge. Ngalaba nke sayensị omume na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị). Nchịkọta na-8o ; t. 18, fasc. 4.
• nke Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. Cilubà Phonetics: Atụmatụ maka 'Corpus-Based Phonettics from Below' Approach. 1999. Research Centre of African Languages and Literatures, Mahadum Ghent.
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Polleunis na Ceuterick
• Muyunga, Yacioko Kasengulu. 1979. Lingala na Ciluba okwu audiometry. Kinshasa: Presses Universitaires du Zaire maka Mahadum Mba nke Zaire (UNAZA).
• Kabuta, Ngo Okwu ndị e goro ego na Cilubà, 2012. Mahadum Ghent, Belgium.
• Willems, Em. Het Tshiluba van Kasayi voor beginnelingen 1943. Sint Norbertus

Njikọ mpụgara

• Tola Akindipe, Veronica Tshiama & Francisco Yamba, Nnukwu ihe ntanetị iji mụta Tshiluba (Mofeko)
• Online Cilubà - French Dictionary
• BBC News: Okwu Congo "nke a na-apụghị ịsụgharị"
• PanAfrican L10n peeji na Luba
• Asụsụ na mkpụrụedemede Tshiluba (Omniglot)
• Tshiluba: Asụsụ Kasai