Wikipedia

Adire (ihe osise)

akwa nwere agba indigo nke emere na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria
adire
obere ụdị nkeAfrican textiles Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaNaijiria, Ndi Yoruba Dezie
Ihe ejị mee yaindigo Dezie
fabrication methodresist dyeing Dezie
WikiProject na-elekọta yaWikiProject Intangible Cultural Heritage Dezie

Adire ( Yoruba ) textile bụ ụdị akwa a na-esiji esi na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria nke ụmụnwaanyị Yoruba na-eme, na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche esi agbaji agba . [1] [2] Okwu 'Adire' sitere na okwu yoruba 'adi' nke putara n'eke na 're' putara isiji. [3] Ọ bụ ihe eji ụzọ na-eguzogide waks emebere ya nke na-emepụta atụmatụ a haziri ahazi n'ụdị ncha na agba mara mma. Ọ na-adịkarị n'etiti ndị Egba bi na steeti Ogun .

Nchịkọta Adire
Ụmụ nwanyị yoruba yi uwe adire na set

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Na mbụ emepụtara na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria, akwa adire na-esi n'ebe ugwu Afrịka ndị ahịa na ezinụlọ ndị na-ere ahịa gaa n'ebe ugwu. Ezinụlọ ụfọdụ ndị họọrọ ịkwaga n'ebe ugwu malitere imepụta akwa adire maka ahịa nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ. [4] N'ihi na ọ na-emekarị site na ụmụ nwanyị, ụkpụrụ na isiokwu Adire na-ebufe site na nne na nwa nwanyị n'ime ezinụlọ. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ebumnuche nwere ike ịdabere n'ikike na nka nka onye nka, yana nka akuziri site n'ọgbọ ochie. Ụkpụrụ Adire na-abụkarị ihe nnọchianya nke osisi, anụmanụ, ngwá ọrụ, na isiokwu echiche. A na-ahazi isiokwu ọdịnala n'ime ụdị geometric, ihe atụ, skewmorphic, mkpụrụedemede, na ụdị celestiomorphic. [5]

Iberibe mbụ nke ụdị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe eji ejikọta ya na akwa owu, ejiri aka na nke a kpara akpa na mpaghara (kama nke a ka na-emepụta na Mali ). N'ime iri afọ ndị mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20, enwetara ohere ọhụrụ iji nweta nnukwu ihe eji akwa ebubata site na mgbasa nke ndị na-ere ahịa akwa na Europe na Abeokuta na obodo ndị Yoruba ndị ọzọ kpatara mmụba na mbọ ụmụ nwanyị a na-azụ ahịa na nka, na-eme Adire bụrụ nnukwu ọrụ obodo na Abeokuta na Ibadan nke dọtara ndị na-azụ ahịa si na West Africa niile. A na-ewere Abeokuta dị ka isi obodo ime adire na Naijiria; [6] otu o sila dị, ụfọdụ na-atụ aro na nnukwu obodo Ibadan na Osogbo (Yorubaland) kacha mkpa n'ime ime adire n'ihi na agba agba adire malitere n'Abeokuta mgbe ụmụnwaanyị Egba si Ibadan ji ihe ọmụma a lọta. [7] Ọdịdị bụ isi nke ákwà ahụ ghọrọ nke ihe mgbochi abụọ a dụkọtara ọnụ iji mepụta akwa mkpuchi nwanyị. [8] E mepụtara usoro ọhụrụ nke iguzogide agba agba .

 
Onye bụbu onyeisiala Naijiria bụ Olusegun Obasanjo na nwunye ya, ya na onye bụbu gọvanọ Ogun steeti, Segun Osoba, na nwunye ya, na Gọvanọ Dapo Abiodun nke Ogun steeti na nwunye ya Bamidele Abiodun na nnukwu ọkwa izu ụka Adire, 9 Eprel 2022.

Otú ọ dị, site na njedebe nke 1930s mgbasa nke sịntetik indigo, caustic soda, na ntinye nke ndị ọhụrụ na-enweghị nkà na-abata kpatara nsogbu dị mma na ọdịda ka dị ugbu a na-achọ. Ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-emepụta ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya na starch mara mma ruo na mmalite 1970s, na n'agbanyeghị ntughari kpaliri mmasị nke ndị ọrụ US Peace Corps na 1960, ha enwetaghachighị aha mbụ ha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a ka na-emepụta ihe ndị dị mfe stenciled na ụfọdụ ụdị oniko na alabere dị mma, mana ọ na-atọ ụtọ na mpaghara "kampala" (akwa akwa na-eguzogide ọtụtụ ihe, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ewere dị ka adire). Otú ọ dị, enweela ọganihu ọhụrụ nke nkà Adire site n'aka ndị ọkachamara Naijiria nọ na mba ọzọ dị ka Dr Toyosi Craig, onye na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na ọkachamara ike, na ndị ọrụ nkà Nigeria dị ka Nike Davies-Okundaye, [9] bụ ndị na-akpali ndị na-eto eto na-emepụta ihe dịka Amaka Osakwe ( ya na akara ya Maki-Oh). Ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ama ama dịka Michelle Obama na Lupita Nyong'o eyiela uwe na-akpa ike adire nso nso a. Ọzọkwa, Bamidele Abiodun, nwunye gọvanọ Ogun State, hibere Adire Market Week [10] na 2022 dị ka atụmatụ pụtara ịkwalite adire na ichekwa ndị na-emepụta akwa na mpaghara. [11]

Usoro

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Nwanyị na-esiji owu

Taa, e nwere usoro mgbochi atọ bụ isi eji na Nigeria:

  • Oniko : Usoro a na-agụnye ijikọta raffia gburugburu ọtụtụ narị mkpụrụ ọka ma ọ bụ okwute iji mepụta obere okirikiri ọcha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. A nwekwara ike ịgbagọ akwa ma kechie ya n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ tụgharịa n'ime eriri.
  • Alabere : Ịkpachie raffia n'elu akwa na ụkpụrụ tupu agbaji agba. A na-eyipụ nkwụ raffia, adụkọtakwa ọkpụkpụ azụ n'ime akwa ahụ. A na-adọkakarị raffia mgbe a na-esiji ákwà, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-ahọrọ ịhapụ ya ma yiwe ya na uwe ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekpughe otú e si mee ya.
  • Eleko : guzogide iji akwa akpu agba agba na akwa. A na-eji nku ọkụkọ dị iche iche eme omenala, a na-ejikwa calabash a pịrị apị n'ụdị dị iche iche, n'ụzọ yiri mgbochi ibipụta . Kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, a na-ejikwa stencil ọla ndị e gbutere n'ibé akwụkwọ tin ndị e debere igbe tii. [12] [13]

A na-akpọ ọtụtụ n'ime atụmatụ ndị ahụ aha, ndị na-ewu ewu gụnyere ụkpụrụ jubilii (nke mbụ e mepụtara maka jubili ọlaọcha nke George V na Queen Mary na 1935), Olokun ("chi nwanyị nke oké osimiri"), [14] Sunbebe ("na-ebuli elu. beads") [15] na Ibadandun ("Ibadan dị ụtọ"). [16]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Norma Wolff. Adire. Fashion History:Love to know. Retrieved on 25 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria. Vam (24 July 2013). Retrieved on 25 December 2014.
  3. ↑ BRAIDE (2017-11-22). "STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE". Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 11 (1): 106–118. DOI:10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698. ISSN 2315-747X. 
  4. ↑ Renne (2020-01-02). "Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria" (in en). Textile History 51 (1): 60–85. DOI:10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372. ISSN 0040-4969. 
  5. ↑ Areo (2013-05-03). "<i>Adire</i> in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres". African Research Review 7 (2). DOI:10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22. ISSN 2070-0083. 
  6. ↑ A Short History of Adire (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria (24 July 2016). Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved on 27 August 2022.
  7. ↑ Simmonds (2016). Adire cloth in Nigeria. Ibadan: Doig D, Simmonds; Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan., 11. 
  8. ↑ Adire Cloth of the Yorubas (en-US). Adire African Textiles. Retrieved on 27 August 2022.
  9. ↑ Pool (2016). Fashion Cities Africa, Pool, Hannah, 1974-, Royal Pavilion, Art Gallery, and Museums., 98–99. ISBN 9781783206117. OCLC 946010715. 
  10. ↑ Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun | Business Post Nigeria (en-GB) (18 April 2022). Retrieved on 31 May 2022.
  11. ↑ Ogun governor, wife raise hope for better fashion industry (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria (16 April 2022). Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved on 31 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Triplett (2015). Indigo Quilts. Concord, CA: C&T Publishing, 14–18. ISBN 978-1-61745-243-7. 
  13. ↑ Triplett (14 October 2015). Adire: African Resist. C&T Publishing. Retrieved on 1 April 2016.
  14. ↑ (2016) in Simmonds, Doig: Adirẹ cloth in Nigeria, 1971–2016, Second, [Place of publication not identified]: Doig D. Simmonds, 6–7. ISBN 9780993532405. OCLC 960700743. 
  15. ↑ Simmonds (2016). Adire cloth in Nigeria. Nigeria: University of Ibadan, 49. ISBN 978-0-9935324-0-5. 
  16. ↑ in Simmonds: Adirẹ cloth in Nigeria, 1971–2016, Second, 47–48. OCLC 960700743. 
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