pilaf
type of food or dish, dish
obere ụdị nkerice dish Dezie
mba osiUzbekistan, Tajikistan Dezie
Ihe ejị mee yaosikapa, vegetable oil, animal fats and oils Dezie
intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Dezie
WikiProject na-elekọta yaWikiProject Intangible Cultural Heritage Dezie

 

Pilaf (bụ efere osikapa, nke a na-esikarị esi nri, ma ọ bụ n'ógbè ụfọdụ, efere ọka wit, nke usoro ya na-agụnyekarị isi nri na ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ broth, ịgbakwunye ngwa nri, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka akwụkwọ nri ma ọ bụ anụ.na iji ụfọdụ usoro iji nweta ọka esiri esi nke na-adịghị agbaso ibe ya

N'oge nke Abbasid Caliphate, ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ esi esi osikapa na mbụ gbasaa site na nnukwu ókèala site Iran ruo Greece, na n'ikpeazụ ruo a sara mbara ụwa. Valencian (Spanish) paella, [5] [note 5] na Indian pilau ma ọ bụ pulao, [6] [note 6] na biryani, [7] [note 7] sitere na efere ndị dị otú ahụ.

Pilaf na efere ndị yiri ya na-ahụkarị Middle Eastern, West Asia, Balkan, Caribbean, South Caucasian, Central Asia, East Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Maritime Southeast Asia, na South Asia nri; N'ebe ndị a, a na-ewere ha dị ka ihe oriri . [1]

Etymology

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Dị ka Oxford English Dictionary si kwuo, mbipụta nke atọ (2006) okwu Bekee pilaf, nke bụ nke ikpeazụ na North American English ụdị, bụ ihe na-agbaziri site na Turkish, ya etymon, ma ọ bụ asụsụ nna nna, Turkish pilav , onye etymon bụ Persian pilāv ; A na-ahụkarị "pilaf" na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu North America karịa pilau, ha niile sitere na pilav Persian. . [2] [15]

Nsụpe Bekee na Commonwealth, pilau, nwere etymon Persian pulaw (n'ụdị palāv, pilāv, ma ọ bụ pulāv na narị afọ nke 16) na Urdu pulāv("efere osikapa na anụ"), sitere na Persian pulāv ("Side efere, ngwa nri, anụ, akwụkwọ nri, ọbụna osikapa "), Tamil Pulukku ("Dravidian (tụnyere Tamil puḷukku (adjective) simmered," aha. ) nri sie ma ọ bụ paịlị, puḷukkal esi nri osikapa ) pulāka ("bọọlụ osikapa"). [1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Pilav ụdị Persian

Ọ bụ ezie na ịkụ osikapa agbasawo na mbụ site na India ruo Central na West Asia, ọ bụ n'oge Abbasid Caliphate ka ụzọ esi esi nri osikapa bụ nke dị ka ụdị isi nri pilaf nke oge a na mbụ gbasaa site na nnukwu ókèala site na Spain ruo Afghanistan . na n'ikpeazụ ruo a mbara ụwa. The Spanish paella, [5] [note 8] na South Asia pilau ma ọ bụ pulao, [6] [note 9] na biryani, [7] [note 10] sitere na efere ndị dị otú ahụ.

Dị ka onye edemede KT Achaya si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ India bụ Mahabharata na-ekwu banyere ihe atụ nke osikapa na anụ esi nri ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, dị ka Achaya si kwuo, a na-eji "pulao" ma ọ bụ "pallao" na-ezo aka na efere osikapa na ọrụ Sanskrit oge ochie dị ka Yājñavalkya Smṛti . [3] Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị edemede nri Colleen Taylor Sen na Charles Perry si kwuo, na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze Ashis Nandy, ntụaka ndị a adịghị emetụta ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na pilafs, nke na-apụta na akụkọ India mgbe mmeri Central Asia gasịrị.

India

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Pulao na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke lentil ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri, ọkachasị gụnyere peas, poteto, agwa ndụ ndụ, karọt ma ọ bụ anụ, ọkachasị ọkụkọ, azụ, atụrụ, ewu, anụ ezi ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na osikapa. A na-eji ihe ndị anaghị eri anụ akwadebe ụdị pulao nke Bengali dị ka osikapa ogologo ọka ma ọ bụ osikapa na-esi ísì ụtọ, cashewnut, mịrị amị, saffron, ghee na ngwa nri dị iche iche dị ka nutmeg, akwukwo bay, cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, clove na mace . Enwekwara pulaos ole na ole nwere aha ndị Persia dị ka hazar pasand ("otu puku ụtọ"). [42] A na-emekarị ya n'oge ememe pụrụ iche na agbamakwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ iri ya maka nri ehihie ma ọ bụ nri abalị. A na-ewere ya dị elu na ike nri na abụba . A na-ejikarị yogọt ma ọ bụ raita na-esi ísì ụtọ na-ejikọta pulao.

 
Lubia polo, 'osikapa nwere agwa ndụ ndụ' na Iran

Usoro nri ndị Persia na-ezo aka na nkwadebe osikapa dị ọtụtụ ma chọtala ụzọ ha na asụsụ ndị agbata obi: polow (osikapa esi esi na efere mgbe ọka dị iche iche, na-eme ka ọkara osikapa esi nri tupu ị gbakwunye broth na mgbe ahụ "ịmepụta"), chelow (ọcha). osikapa nke nwere ọka dị iche iche), kateh (osikapa esighi ike) na tahchin (osikapa esighi ngwa ngwa, akwụkwọ nri, na anụ esitere na efere a haziri ahazi). E nwekwara ụdị efere osikapa dị iche iche nwere akwụkwọ nri na mkpuru osisi bụ ndị ama ama n'etiti ndị Iran.

Enwere ụzọ anọ isi esi esi osikapa na Iran:

  • Chelow : osikapa nke a na-edozi nke ọma site na nsị na parboiling, ebe a na-agbapụta mmiri na osikapa. Usoro a na-ebute osikapa na-enweghị atụ nke nwere ọka ndị ahụ kewapụrụ na ọ bụghị nke nnyapade; ọ na-ebutekwa eriri osikapa ọla edo na ala ite a na-akpọ tahdig (nke pụtara "ala nke ite").
  • Polow : osikapa a na-esi ya kpọmkwem dị ka chelo, ma e wezụga na mgbe ọ gbasasịrị osikapa, a na-etinye ihe ndị ọzọ na osikapa ahụ, a na-agbakọta ha ọnụ.
  • Kateh : osikapa esi esi ruo mgbe mmiri na-amịkọrọ. Nke a bụ nri ọdịnala nke Northern Iran.
  • Damy : esiri ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kateh, ma e wezụga na okpomọkụ na-ebelata tupu esi esi na akwa akwa na-etinye n'etiti mkpuchi na ite ahụ iji gbochie uzuoku ka ọ ghara ịpụ. Damy pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "simmered".

Pakistan

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Pulao ọkụkọ Zafrani, Karachi, Pakistan
 
Anụ kamel pulao, Pakistan

Na Pakistan, pulao ( Templeeti:Nastaliq ) bụ nri a na-ewu ewu nke e ji osikapa basmati sie ya na anụ ezi/ofe ọkpụkpụ na anụ, na-abụkarị anụ anụ ma ọ bụ beef, na ọtụtụ ngwa nri gụnyere: mkpụrụ osisi coriander, cumin, cardamom, cloves na ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ọ dị na nri ndị Afghanistan, Kabuli palaw bụ nri dị mkpa na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Pakistan, a na-ejikwa karọt sliced, almọnd na mịrị amị chọọ ya mma n'ụdị pulao, nke e ghere eghe na sirop ụtọ. Bannu Beef Pulao, nke a makwaara dị ka Bannu Gosht Pulao, bụ omenala na ama ama nke uzommeputa Pulao sitere na mpaghara Bannu nke mpaghara Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan . A na-eji anụ ehi dị nro, osikapa na-esi ísì ụtọ, na ngwakọta nke ngwa nri dị n'ógbè ahụ mee efere ahụ, na-eme ka ọ nwee uto bara ụba na nke siri ike. A na-ebu ụzọ sie anụ ehi ahụ na nkwadebe dị iche a maara dị ka Beef Yakhni, nke a na-eji nnu, ginger, galik, eyịm, na garam masala mee ya. Nke a na-agbakwụnyekwu omimi nke ekpomeekpo na efere. A na-ejikọta anụ ehi na osikapa, na-emepụta nri na-atọ ụtọ ma na-eju afọ. A na-enyekarị nri a n'oge mmemme pụrụ iche na nri abalị ezinụlọ ma bụrụ isi ihe na omenala nri Pashtun . A maara efere ahụ maka ire ụtọ pụrụ iche na ụtọ anụ ehi, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe oriri na-achọsi ike n'etiti ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi nri. [4] [5]

Pulao na-ewu ewu n'akụkụ niile nke Pakistan, mana ụdị nri nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke obodo ahụ. Ndị Sindhi nke Pakistan na-akwado ya n'ememe alụmdi na nwunye ha, nzukọ nkasi obi, na oge ndị ọzọ. [6] [7]

Levant

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Omenala nri Levantine na-agụnye ụdị Pilaf dị iche iche a maara dị ka " Maqlubeh ", nke a maara n'ofe mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mediterenian. Pilaf osikapa nke a na-eji anụ, eggplant, tomato, poteto, na kọlịflawa esi n'ọdịnala nwekwara ụdị azụ dị iche iche a na-akpọ "Sayyadiyeh", ma ọ bụ efere ndị ọkụ azụ.

toro toro

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Pilav Turkish a na-ahụkarị. Osikapa na orzo .

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, anụ mutton bụ mmiri mmiri esi nri maka ndị pilafs Turkey, bụ nke dị ka narị afọ nke 19 si kwuo, a na-akpọ isi mmalite ndị America pirinç . [8]

Nri Turkish nwere ọtụtụ ụdị pilaf dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche ndị a bụ pirinc (osikapa) pilaf, bulgur pilaf, na arpa şehriye ( orzo ) pilaf. N'iji tumadi ụdị atọ ndị a, ndị Turkey na-eme ọtụtụ efere dị ka perdeli pilav, na etli pilav (osikapa esi ya na cubed beef). N'adịghị ka osikapa ndị China, ọ bụrụ na osikapa Turkish na-arapara n'ahụ, a na-ewere ya na ọ gaghị eme nke ọma. Iji mee osikapa kacha mma dị ka ndị Turkey si kwuo, mmadụ ga-asacha osikapa ahụ, sie ya na bọta, tinyezie mmiri ahụ ma hapụ ya ka ọ nọdụ ala ruo mgbe ọ na-agbanye mmiri niile. Nke a na-ebute pilaf nke na-adịghị mma na ọka osikapa ọ bụla na-adapụ na ngaji ahụ iche.

Baltics

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A na-akpọkarị Pilaf Lithuania dị ka plovas . Ọ na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ osikapa na akwụkwọ nri; dabere na mpaghara akwụkwọ nri nwere ike ịbụ tomato, karọt, kabeeji, na/ma ọ bụ mushrooms. Ọ na-enwekarị iberibe ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ iberibe anụ ezi, na-abụkarị anụ dị n'olu ma ọ bụ afọ; ntụ ọka nwere ike ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ dị mfe, na ụfọdụ plovas nwere ike iji osikapa dị nro dị nro, n'adịghị ka ụdị ndị ọzọ.

A na-akpọkarị Latvia pilaf dị ka plovs ma ọ bụ plov . Ọ na-enwekarị otu ihe dị ka Lithuania plovas ma nwee ike ịdịgasị iche site na mpaghara ruo na mpaghara.

Ndị Pontian Ọtọdọks nke Gris nwere ụzọ nke ha si akwadebe pilav. [9] [10] [11] Ndị Pontian n'akụkụ oke osimiri Ojii nwere ike iji anchovies mee pilav (nke a na-akpọ hapsipilavon) ma ọ bụ mọsel (a na-akpọ mythopilavon). [12] [13] Ụdị Pontian pilav ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye ọkụkọ, [14] nwa atụrụ, na akwụkwọ nri. Nri a na-esikarị bụ anise, dil, pasili, nnu, ose, na saffron. Ụfọdụ ndị Pọntia na-esi nri pine, ahụekere, ma ọ bụ almọnd n'ime pilav ha. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị osikapa eme pilav, a pụkwara iji buckwheat mee ya. [15]

Crimea

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A na-akwado omenala Crimea Tatar pilyav (pilâv) site na osikapa; Enwere ike ịgbakwunye anụ, eyịm, ma ọ bụ mịrị amị.

Hụkwa

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  • Nasi kebuli, nri yiri nke ahụ sitere na Indonesia
  • Ndepụta nke efere osikapa
  • Bannu pulao
  • osikapa e ghere eghe
  • Nasi lemak
  • Nasi goreng

Ntụaka

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  1. Башҡортса пылау (Плов по-башкирски) » Башкирская Кухня (ru-RU). Archived from the original on 2023-10-29. Retrieved on 2023-09-18.
  2. Desmaisons (1908). Dictionnaire Persan-francais (in fr). Brill Archive. 
  3. K. T. Achaya (1994). Indian food: a historical companion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-562845-6. 
  4. Home Bannu Beef Pulao Chuburji. www.bannubeefpulaoturabfoods.pk. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved on 2023-01-22.
  5. Malang Jan Bannu Beef Pulao (en). niftyfoodz.com. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved on 2023-01-22.
  6. Reejhsinghani (2004). Essential Sindhi Cookbook. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143032014. Retrieved on 22 August 2015. 
  7. Reejhsinghani (2013-07-25). The Sindhi Kitchen. Westland. ISBN 9789383260171. Retrieved on 22 August 2015. 
  8. (1894) "Good Housekeeping" 18. 
  9. Five Pontian recipes for Lent (Greek). Pontos News (March 2, 2014). Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.
  10. Voutira (2020). "Genealogies across the cold war divide: The case of the Pontic Greeks from the former Soviet Union and their 'affinal repatriation'". Ethnography 21 (3). DOI:10.1177/1466138120939589. Retrieved on 2021-04-10. 
  11. Sinope Pilaf (Greek). Pontos News (October 7, 2012). Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.
  12. Mythopilavon: the Pontian mussel pilav (Greek). Pontos News (February 15, 2013). Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.
  13. Hapsipilavon, the Pontian pilaf with fish (Greek). Pontos News (February 19, 2021). Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.
  14. Charmei (2018). Homecoming, Greek-Style. Greece Is. Archived from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.
  15. Aglaia Kremezi. Greece Culinary Travel with Aglaia Kremezi. Epicurious. Archived from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved on 2021-04-10.

Ihe ndetu

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Akwụkwọ akụkọ

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Njikọ mpụga

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  • The dictionary definition of pilaf at Wiktionary
  • Pulao at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
  • Rice Pilaf at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
  • Kashmiri Pulao at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject