Ousmane Sembène

 

Ousmane Sembène

mmádu

ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Senegal
aha enyere	Ousmane
aha ezinụlọ ya	Sembène
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	1 Jenụwarị 1923
Ebe ọmụmụ	Ziguinchor
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	9 Jụn 2007
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Dakar
Ebe olili	Yoff
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka	French language, Wolof
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography
Ebe ọrụ	Senegal
onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị	French Communist Party
so na	Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou
conflict	World War II
ngalaba agha	Senegalese Tirailleur
ahọpụtara maka	European Film Award for Best Non-European Film
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta	Museum of Modern Art
ụdị metụtara	Category:Films directed by Ousmane Sembène
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike	Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara

Ousmane Sembène (   [usman sɑ̃ спон]; 1 Jenụwarị 1923 ma ọ bụ 8 Jenụwarụ 1923 - 9 June 2007), nke a na-ekwukarị na ụdị French dị ka Sembène Ousmane nke o yiri ka ọ na-akwado dị ka ụzọ isi mesie "mmanye ọchịchị" nke emume aha a ike ma mebie ya, bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Senegalese, onye mmepụta na onye edemede.   Los Angeles Times weere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede kachasị ukwuu n'Africa ma a na-akpọkarị ya "nna nke ihe nkiri Afrịka". [1] sitere n'ezinụlọ Serer site n'akara nne ya sitere n'agbụrụ Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène dọtara mmasị ya karịsịa na ememme okpukpe Serer karịsịa Ememme Tuur.

Oge ọ malitere

A mụrụ nwa nwoke nke onye ọkụ azụ, Ousmane Sembène na Ziguinchor na Casamance n'ezinụlọ Lebou. Site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ matara okpukpe Serer karịsịa Ememme Tuur, ebe e mere ya "ohu ofufe". bụ ezie na ndị Tuur na-achọ ka mmụọ ndị nna ha (Pangool) nye ha mmiri ara ehi, Sembène ejighị ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ejere okpukpe ozi kpọrọ ihe ma bụrụ onye a maara maka ịṅụ onyinye ndị e nyere ndị nna nna ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya ndị toro eto na-adabere na isiokwu Serer. Nne nne ya zụlitere ya ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ọ nọ. Ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya.

Ihe ọmụma Sembène banyere French na Arabic bụ isi ma e wezụga Wolof, asụsụ nne ya, sochiri ịga ya na madrasa, dị ka ọ na-adịkarị n'ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke Alakụba, na ụlọ akwụkwọ French ruo 1936, mgbe ya na onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ sere okwu. Sembène nna ya rụọ ọrụ - ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oké osimiri - ruo 1938, mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara Dakar, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ aka dị iche iche.

N'afọ 1944, e debara aha Sembène n'akwụkwọ na Senegalese Tirailleurs (otu ndị agha nke Ndị agha France). Ọrụ ya na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mechara bụrụ na ndị Free French Forces. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya ma na 1947 sonye na ogologo oge ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke o mechara dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ God's Bits of Wood (1960).

Ná ngwụsị afọ 1947, ọ gara France, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Citroën na Paris wee gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Marseilles, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na òtù ndị ọrụ France. Ọ sonyeere CGT nke ndị Kọmunist na-eduzi na ndị Kọmunisti, na-enyere aka iduzi ọgbaghara iji gbochie mbupu ngwá agha maka agha ndị France na Vietnam. N'oge a, ọ chọpụtara onye edemede Harlem Renaissance Claude McKay na onye edemede Marxist nke Haiti Jacques Roumain.

Ọrụ edemede mbụ

Sembène kụziiri onwe ya ịgụ na ide na French ma mesịa jiri ọtụtụ ahụmahụ ndụ ya mee ihe na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya n'asụsụ French, Le Docker Noir (The Black Docker, 1956), akụkọ Diaw, onye Africa na-eme njem nke na-eche ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmeso ọjọọ ihu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Marseilles. Diaw dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke nwanyị ọcha mechara zuo ma bipụta ya n'aha ya; ọ na-eche ya ihu, gbuo ya na mberede, ma kpee ya ikpe ma gbuo ya n'ihe nkiri ndị na-echetara Albert Camus The Stranger (1942, nke a sụgharịrị dị ka The Outsider). Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya karịsịa na mmeso ọjọọ nke ndị mbịarambịa Africa, Sembène kọwakwara mmegbu nke ndị ọrụ Arab na Spanish, na-eme ka o doo anya na okwu ndị ahụ metụtara xenophobia dịka ha na-eme agbụrụ. Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ifo ya, a na-ede ya n'ụzọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ malitere aha Sembène n'akwụkwọ ma nye ya nkwado ego iji gaa n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ nke Sembène,Mba, ndị mara mma m! (Oh mba, ndị m mara mma!, 1957), na-akọ akụkọ banyere Oumar, onye ọrụ ugbo ojii nwere oké ọchịchọ na-alaghachi n'obodo ya bụ Casamance na nwunye ọhụrụ na echiche maka imeziwanye ọrụ ugbo nke mpaghara ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Oumar na-alụ ọgụ megide ma gọọmentị French na usoro mmekọrịta obodo, ma mesịa gbuo ya. Mba, ndị mara mma m! bụ ihe ịga nke ọma mba ụwa, na-enye Sembène akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù site na gburugburu ụwa, ọkachasị site na mba Ndị Kọmunist dị ka China, Cuba, na Soviet Union.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ na nke a ma ama nke Sembène bụ Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu (God's Bits of Wood, 1960); ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na-ewere ya dị ka ọrụ nka ya, naanị Xala na-asọ mpi. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ ndụ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Dakar-Niger nke were site na 1947 ruo 1948. Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ekwuchitere ndị otu ahụ, Ibrahima Bakayoko, bụ onye kachasị mkpa, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ enweghị ezigbo dike ma e wezụga obodo ahụ n'onwe ya, nke na-agbakọta ọnụ n'ihu ihe isi ike na mmegbu iji kwado ikike ha. N'ihi ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe odide iri ise na Senegal na Mali agbata obi ya, na-egosi ọgbaghara ahụ site n'akụkụ niile enwere ike; na nke a, a na-ejikarị akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ tụnyere Germinal nke Emile Zola.

Sembène sochiri Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu na (1962) nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi Voltaïque (Tribal Scars). Nchịkọta ahụ nwere akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, akụkọ, na akụkọ ifo, gụnyere "La Noire de..." nke ọ ga-emecha mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya. N'afọ 1964, o wepụtara l'Harmattan (The Harmattan), akwụkwọ akụkọ dị egwu banyere ntuli aka maka nnwere onwe n'isi obodo Afrịka.

Site na 1962 ruo 1963, Sembène mụrụ ime ihe nkiri otu afọ na Gorky Film Studio, Moscow, n'okpuru onye nduzi Soviet Mark Donskoy.

Ọrụ edemede mgbe e mesịrị

Site na mbipụta 1965 nke Le mandat, nke Vehi-Ciosane (The Money Order and White Genesis) bu ụzọ, nkwenye Sembène malitere ịgbanwe. Dị nnọọ ka o ji ike wakpo mmegbu agbụrụ na akụ na ụba nke gọọmentị France, ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ a, ọ tụgharịrị anya ya na ndị isi Africa rụrụ arụ nke sochiri. bụ otu n'ime ndị nyere aka na Lotus nke a malitere na Cairo na 1968 ma bụrụ nke Egypt na Soviet Union kwadoro.

Sembène gara n'ihu n'isiokwu a na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1973 Xala, akụkọ nke El Hadji Abdou Kader Beye, onye ọchụnta ego bara ọgaranya nke ihe o kwenyere na ọ bụ ọbụbụ ọnụ nke Enweghị ike ("xala" na Wolof) n'abalị agbamakwụkwọ ya na nwunye ya mara mma, nke atọ. El Hadji na-echegbu onwe ya maka iwepụ ọbụbụ ọnụ ahụ site na ileta Marabouts, mana ọ bụ naanị mgbe ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ ego ya na aha ya ka ọ chọpụtara na isi iyi ahụ bụ onye arịrịọ bi n'èzí ọfịs ya, onye o mejọrọ n'inweta akụ ya.

Ihe nkiri

Dị ka onye edemede na-echegbu onwe ya banyere mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Sembène chọrọ imetụ ndị na-ege ntị aka. Ọ ghọtara na ọrụ ya ga-eru naanị ndị isi ọdịbendị, mana na ihe nkiri bụ "ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị ndị mmadụ" ma nwee ike iru ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị n'Afrịka.

N'afọ 1963, Sembène mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, obere ihe a na-akpọ Barom Sarret (The Wagoner). N'afọ 1964, o mere obere ihe ọzọ akpọrọ Niaye. N'afọ 1966, o mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, La Noire de...Onye Ojii nke ..., dabere na otu n'ime akụkọ mkpirikpi nke ya; ọ bụ ihe nkiri mbụ nke onye nduzi mpaghara Sahara Africa wepụtara. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị nkeji iri isii, ihe nkiri asụsụ French meriri Prix Jean Vigo, na-eweta uche mba ụwa ozugbo na ihe nkiri Afrịka n'ozuzu ya na Sembène kpọmkwem. Sembène sochiri ihe ịga nke ọma a na 1968 Mandabi, na-emezu nrọ ya nke imepụta ihe nkiri n'asụsụ obodo ya bụ Wolof.

Ihe nkiri ndị e mechara jiri asụsụ Wolof gụnyere Xala (1975, nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ya), Cedar (1977), Camp de Thiaroye (1987), na Guelwaar (1992). machibidoro mbipụta nke Cedar na Senegal nke ukwuu, n'ihi nsogbu na akwụkwọ Sembène, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-atụ aro na nyocha a nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na ihe a ga-akọwa dị ka ihe na-emegide ndị Alakụba na fim ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Sembène kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ụlọ ihe nkiri na-akọwa ihe ndị a na-enyocha ma wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na-enweghị mbelata maka ahịa mba ụwa. N'afọ 1971, Sembène mekwara ihe nkiri na French na Diola nke akpọrọ Emitaï, nke a banyere na 7th Moscow International Film Festival, ebe ọ meriri Silver Prize. machibidoro ya iwu na French West Africa niile. [2] [3] tinyere ihe nkiri ya nke 1975 Xala n'ime 9th Moscow International Film Festival. [1]

Ọnwụ

Ousmane Sembène nwụrụ na 9 June 2007, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84. na-arịa ọrịa kemgbe Disemba 2006, ma nwụọ n'ụlọ ya na Dakar, Senegal, ebe e liri ya n'ime ákwà mkpuchi e ji amaokwu koranic chọọ mma. Sembè nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ site n'alụmdi na nwunye abụọ.

Seipati Bulane Hopa, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Pan African Federation of Filmmakers (FEPACI), kọwara Sembène dị ka "onye na-enwu ọkụ nke na-enwe ọkụ maka ndị nkịtị ka ha na-aga n'ụzọ nke ìhè... olu na-ekwu okwu n'egbughị oge, nwoke nwere nkà na-enweghị ntụpọ nke na-ejide ụkpụrụ nka ya ma jiri iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ùgwù mee nke ahụ"

Pallo Jordan nke South Africa, Minista nke nka na ọdịbendị, gara n'ihu n'ịkwalite Sembène dị ka "onye nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ọma na onye nwere ọdịbendị pụrụ iche... onye nkatọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya [onye] nyere ụwa ihe ọmụma ọzọ banyere Africa".

Ọrụ

Akwụkwọ

• Ọzọkwa mbipụta ọhụrụ site n'aka onye na-ebipụta Présence Africaine nke 2002. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụgbọ mmiri ojii Ndị edemede Africa. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435908966 OCLC 16084389. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụgbọ mmiri ojii Ndị edemede Africa. Oxford: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435908973 OCLC 476822988.Sembène (1956). Le Docker noir. Paris: Debresse. 
  • Sembène (1987). Black docker, African writers. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435908966. OCLC 16084389. 
  • Sembène (1989). Black docker, African writers. Oxford: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435908973. OCLC 476822988. 
• Sembène (1957). O Pays, mon beau peuple!. Amiot Dumont, 1957. OCLC 1009422560. 
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkụ osisi nke Chineke: Banty mam yall. [Paris]: Akwụkwọ Contemporain. OCLC 62109468. Mbipụta nke mbụ nke 1960.
  • Sembène (1995). God's Bits of Wood. London: Heinemann. OCLC 562242510. 

Sembène (1988). Les bouts de bois de Dieu : Banty mam yall. [Paris]: Le Livre Contemporain. OCLC 62109468. 

• Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi.
  • Sembène (1974). Tribal scars and other stories. Washington: INSCAPE. ISBN 9780879530150. OCLC 763705. 

Sembène (1962). Voltaïque (fr). Paris: Présence Africaine. OCLC 312515053. 

• Sembène, Ousmane (1964). L'Harmattan (akwụkwọ akụkọ) Paris: Ọnụnọ Africa. OCLC 460661419. E bipụtaghachiri ya na 1973.Sembène (1964). L'Harmattan (novel). Paris: Présence Africaine. OCLC 460661419. 
• Sembène (1965). Vehi-Ciosane ou Blanche-Genèse, suivi du Mandat. Paris: Présence Africaine (Ligugé, impr. Aubin). OCLC 460661424. 
  • Sembène (1987). The Money-Order with White Genesis. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435900922. OCLC 572500. 
• Sembène (1973). Xala. Paris: Présence africaine. 
  • Sembène (1976). Xala. OCLC 470084596. 
  • Sembène (1980). Xala. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435901752. OCLC 974104373. 
• Sembène (1981). Le dernier de l'Empire. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782858021697. OCLC 405576233. 
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nke ikpeazụ nke Alaeze Ukwu ahụ: akwụkwọ akụkọ Senegalese. Ọ bụ Adams, Adrian sụgharịrị ya. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435902506. OCLC 10030343. "A key for Senegalese politics" - Werner Glinga.Sembène (1983). The last of the Empire : a Senegalese novel. London: Heinemann. ISBN 9780435902506. OCLC 10030343. 
• Sembène (1987). Niiwam : nouvelles. Paris: Présence africaine. ISBN 9782708704862. OCLC 631337297. 
  • Ọzọkwa Oxford na Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992.Sembène (1991). Niiwam and Taaw [two novellas]. [Cape Town]: D. Philip. ISBN 9780864861221. OCLC 24360778. 

Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ

nkiri Sembène gụnyere:

Afọ	Ihe nkiri	Ụdị	Ọrụ	Ogologo oge (min)
1963	Borom Sarret	Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke nwoke Senegalese dara ogbenye. Ihe nkiri mbụ nke onye isi ojii mere.	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	20m
1964	Niaye	Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Ihe ihere nke nwa agbọghọ dị ime	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	35 mita
1966	Onye Ojii nke ...	Ihe nkiri A Senegalese girl becomes a servant in France	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	65 mita
1968	Mandabi	Ihe nkiri A Senegalese nwoke ga-anagide iwu ego si Paris	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	92 mita
1970	Tauw	Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Nwa okorobịa na-eme ụlọ maka enyi ya nwanyị dị ime	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	24 mita
1971	Emitaï	Ihe nkiri ndị mmadụ na-eme mkpesa maka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ French	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	103 mita
1975	Xala	Akụkụ na-atọ ọchị A na-akọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụrụ arụ n'enweghị ike	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	123 mita
1977	Cedar	Ihe nkiri na-eme ngagharị iwe ndị si n'èzí (Ceddo, ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba) na-atọrọ nwa eze ojii	Onye nduzi na onye edemede ya na Carrie Sembene	120m
1988	Ogige nke Thiaroye	Ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme Na 1944 Thiaroye massacre ndị agha France gburu ndị agha ojii na-enupụ isi	Onye nduzi na onye edemede ya na Thierno Faty Sow	147 mita
1992	Guelwaar	Ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị banyere olili ozu na-ezighị ezi	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	115 mita
2000	Faat Kiné	Ihe nkiri Otu nne na-alụbeghị di na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọrụ	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	120m
2004	Moolaadé	Ihe nkiri Ndị inyom na-eme mkpesa maka igbu ọkpụkpụ nwanyị Mkpịsị akụkụ ahụ nwanyị	Onye nduzi na onye edemede	124 mita

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Adeniyi (2019). "Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane's God's Bits of Wood and Flora Nwapa's Efuru". Ibadan Journal of English Studies 7: 57–72. 
• Busch (2008). Ousmane Sembène interviews. [Jackson]: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781934110850. OCLC 778204000. 
  • Ousmane Sembène: Interviews. Edited by Annett Busch and Max Annas. upress.state.ms.us. University Press of Mississippi. Archived from the original on 2009-09-18. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “"Culture is political, but it's another type of politics. In art, you are political, but you say, 'We are' and not 'I am.'"”
• (1993) in Gadjigo: Ousmane Sembène : dialogues with critics and writers. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 9780870238895. OCLC 28339413. 
• Gadjigo (2010). Ousmane Sembène : the making of a militant artist. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253354136. OCLC 313659212. 
• Mumin (October 4, 2013). Caméras d'Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview). IndieWire. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original on 2018-10-29. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Murphy (2001). Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene'. Oxford: Africa World Press Inc.. ISBN 9780852555552. OCLC 254943835. 
• Niang (Fall 1995). "Interview with Ousmane Sembene". Research in African Literatures 26 (3): 174–178. 
• Niang (1996). Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar. Paris: L’Harmattan. ISBN 9782738448750. OCLC 917569861. 
• Pfaff (1984). The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313244001. OCLC 10605185. 
• Rubaba, Protas Pius (2009). "Mmetụta nke nkwurịta okwu ụmụ nwanyị n'ịmepụta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya: nyocha nke ihe nkiri Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) na Mmiri (Deepa Mehta) " (PDF). vital.seals.ac.za. South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS). peeji nke 132. Master thesis na Applied Media Studies, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.Rubaba (2009). The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta) (PDF). vital.seals.ac.za 132. South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS).
• Vieyra (1972). Ousmane Sembène cineaste: première période, 1962–1971. Paris: Présence Africaine. OCLC 896779795. 

Njikọ mpụga

Vidio

• ","href":"./Template:YouTube"},"params":{"id":{"wt":"9ipcync79CI"},"title":{"wt":"Ceddo (1977), with English and French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**)"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ipcync79CI" id="mwAuY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Ceddo (1977), na Bekee na French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**) na YouTube. Oge vidiyo 1h:51m:41s. Onye na-ebudata XMusicMusicX 2013.
• FILM GUELEWAR Ousmane Sembene 1992 (n'asụsụ French) . Oge vidiyo 1h:29m:38s. Onye na-ebudata Roomnart 2022.

Ọchịagha

• Authors & Artists. Sembene, Ousmane. scholarblogs.emory.edu. Postcolonial Studies, Emory University. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “As far as I am concerned, I no longer support notions of purity. Purity has become a thing of the past. . .”
• Ousmane Sembène na IMDb
• Gadjigo. Ousmane Sembene: the life of a revolutionary artist. newsreel.org. California Newsreel, San Francisco. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “Crossing the geographical and national borders of his native Senegal, Ousmane Sembene's literary and cinematographic output places him today as the "father" of African films and as one of the most prolific "French-speaking" African writers in this first century of "creative" writing in francophone Africa.”
• Interview with Ousmane Sembène — father of African film. socialistworker.co.uk. Socialist Worker (11 June 2005). Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Scott (2007-06-11). An Appraisal: A Filmmaker Who Found Africa's Voice. The New York Times. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Scott (2007-06-12). Ousmane Sembène, 84, Dies; Led Cinema's Advance in Africa. The New York Times. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal (French). africultures.com. Africultures. Les mondes en relation. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Busch. Ousmane Sembene Interviews. missingimage.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-06. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• "Ousmane Sembene". wnyc.org. New York Public Radio, WNYC. 12 Ọktoba 2004. E nwetara ya na 7 Ọktoba 2023. Onye Senegal na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Ousmane Sembene na ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na nke na-arụpụta ihe, yana ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya: Moolaadé . Ogologo oge 31 min 20 sekọnd. faịlụ ọdịyo nke ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe ngosi Leonard Lopate.Ousmane Sembene. wnyc.org. New York Public Radio, WNYC (October 12, 2004). Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembene on his distinguished and prolific career, as well as his latest film: Moolaadé.”
• Amekudji (23 October 2009). Selected lines of the book "Ousmane Sembène Interviews". blog.cineafrique.org/. Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “I interviewed Sembène Ousmane on July 25, 2006. We were supposed to meet again to continue the discussion and talk about other elements of his Cinema but he passed away at the beginning of June 2007.”
• Ousmane Sembène. The Making of a Militant Artist. Samba Gadjigo. Translated by Moustapha Diop. Foreword by Danny Glover. iupress.indiana.edu. Indiana University Press (2010). Archived from the original on 2011-05-06. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Nnyocha nke ihe nkiri ahụ site na Manthia Diawara na Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o.Sembène: The Making of African Cinema (1994). maumaus.org. Associação Maumaus - Centro de Contaminação Visual. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “In this rich documentary, legendary Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène reminisces about his career and discusses the craft of his films and novels.”

N'asụsụ French

• Amekudji, Anoumou "Nleba anya na Sembène Ousmane, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Senegal". blog.cineafrique.org (n'asụsụ French). E debere ya na nke mbụ na 7 Mee 2011. E nwetara ya na 7 Ọktoba 2023. Akụkọ pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke Senegal, Weekend, Quotidien, izu nke August 2 ruo 8, 2007. Otu n'ime ajụjụ ọnụ ikpeazụ nke Sembene Ousmane.Amekudji. Rencontre avec Sembène Ousmane, écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais (French). blog.cineafrique.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved on 7 October 2023. “Article paru dans l’hebdomadaire sénégalais, Weekend, l’hebdo du Quotidien, Semaine du 2 au 8 aout 2007”
• Barlet (27 May 2005). La leçon de cinéma d'Ousmane Sembène au festival de Cannes 2005 (French). Archived from the original on 2006-11-23. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Barlet (11 June 2007). Sembène, le mécréant (French). africultures.com. africultures. Les mondes en relation. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Barlet (15 August 2007). Entretien avec Ousmane Sembène (French). africultures.com. africultures. Les mondes en relation. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Ebe e si nweta ya: International Herald Tribune.LE PÈRE DU CINÉMA AFRICAIN. Ousmane Sembène, le Dakarois en perpétuelle révolte (French). courrierinternational.com. Courier International (15 December 2004). Retrieved on 7 October 2023.
• Cinéma > Ousmane SEMBENE (French). senegalaisement.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-15. Retrieved on 7 October 2023.