Osu caste system
Usoro nke Osu bụ omenala ochie n'ala Igbo nke na-akụda mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na alụmdi na nwunye nke a na-akpọ Osu ( Igbo : outcast). [1] [2] Osu bu ndi nyefere onwe ha n'aka arusi( Alusi ) n'ala Igbo; a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị dị ala ma na-ekewakarị ha na Nwadiala ma ọ bụ diala ( Igbo : ezigbo amuru). [3]
Mmalite
dezieEnwere ike ị nweta mmalite nke usoro osu site n'oge e ji iwu obodo na-achị ala Igbo, nke a na-akpọ Odinani. Chi ahụ a na-akpọ Ala nyere iwu nke ndị mmadụ ga-erube ya isi ka e wee gọzie mba ahụ ka ha were na-aga n’ihu n’ókèala Chukwu, Chukwu Kasị Elu nyere ha. Achụpụrụ ndị omekome ndị ahụrụ na ha mere nnukwu ihe arụ iji gbanarị iwe nke chi ala na igbochi mgbasa ihe arụ n'etiti ụmụ amaala steeti ahụ. Ndị a chụpụrụ ka a mara dịka Osu. A na-eresị ha ndị ikom ndị ọzọ ohu ma ọ bụ nyefee ha ka ha bụrụ ohu nke ụfọdụ chi e kweere na ha na-arịọ ka e chụọrọ mmadụ àjà n’oge ememme iji mee ka ala ahụ dị ọcha pụọ n’ihe arụ, si otú ahụ mee ka ndị mmadụ zụta ohu. [4] Echiche ọzọ banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke usoro nke osu hiwere isi na ịchụpụ mmadụ site n'obodo ya. Nke a na-eme mgbe a napụrụ onye ma ọ bụ otu ndị jụrụ iwu eze ma ọ bụ mkpebi obodo n’ime obodo, nke mere na a na-akpọ onye ahụ na ụmụ ya osu. [5]
ịkpa oke
dezieA na-ewere ndị osu dị ka ndị dị ala na otu ndị diala . [6] A na-eme ndị osu ka ha biri n'ụlọ arụsị ma ọ bụ n'ahịa ma na-emegide ha mgbe ha na-achọ mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, alụmdi na nwunye na mgbe mgbe n'èzí nke nkedo ha. N'akwukwo Chinua Achebe ọ kpọrọ No Longer At Ease, o kwuru na a na-enye ndị osu oche dị iche n'ụlọ ụka. [7] Ndị osu, bụ ndị a na-ahụkwa dị ka ndị na-adịghị ọcha, anaghị ekwe ka ha gọọ ọji ma ọ bụ kpee ekpere n'aha ndị na-abụghị ndị òtù ha n'ihi na e kwenyere na ha ga-ebute ọdachi na obodo. [8] Ụdị mmeso ọjọọ na ntaramahụhụ a emeela ka ndị osu
gbaga mba ọzọ maka ndụ ha. [9]
Nkatọ
dezieKamgbe ewebatara usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ala Igbo, ndị na-eche na ọ megidere ikike mmadụ inwere onwe ya na ịkpa oke akatọọla usoro osu. [10] Dịka ụfọdụ ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe ruuru mmadụ bụ ndị na-akpọ ka a kagbuo ya siri kwuo, ụfọdụ ntaramahụhụ a na-ata ndị osu n'ala Igbo gụnyere: ndị nne na nna na-enye ụmụ ha nsi, enweghị ihe nketa, ịkpa oke, ịgọnarị otu n'otu ọgbakọ ọha, imebi ihe ike n'ememe alụmdi na nwunye. ịgọnarị utu eze, ịnapụ ihe onwunwe na ịchụpụ nwunye. [11]
Na Maachị 20, 1956, ndị omebe iwu Igbo n'ụlọomeiwu Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, Enugwu kagburu omume a na-ejikarị akpọ ndị mmadụ osu. Ntara a tụrụ emebiela ọha mmadụ nke okwu osu . [12]
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ Ugoji Egbujo. "The Osu caste system: The shame of a Nation", Vanguard, 13 March 2015. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Andew Walker. "The story of Nigeria's 'untouchables'", BBC News, 7 April 2009. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ David Aduge-Ani, Stanley Uzoaru & Okechukwu Obeta. "Osu Caste System: How It Affects Marriages In The S/East", Leadership Nigeria, 31 October 2014. Retrieved on 27 July 2015. Alt URL
- ↑ Amadife, ‘The Culture That Must Die’ Sunday Times, March 23, 1988.
- ↑ Ezekwugo (1987). Ora-Eri Nnokwa and Nri Dynasty. Enugu: Lengon Printers.
- ↑ Nwaubani. "The Descendants of Slaves in Nigeria Fight for Equality", 2019-07-11. Retrieved on 2019-07-12. (in en)
- ↑ Tony Uchenna. "Osu caste in Igboland", Vanguard, 9 October 2010. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Emeka Asinugo. "The Church and the fight against Osu Caste System in Eastern Nigeria", Nigerian Voice, 27 August 2014. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ "The Osu Caste System In Igboland: A Challenge To The Igbo Christian Intellectual", Imo Trumpet, 23 April 2014. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Appraising the Osu Caste System in Igbo Land. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Madiebo v Nwankwo (2002). 1 NWLR. Psychology Press.
- ↑ John. "INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY TOWARDS THE ERADICATION OF THE OSU CASTE SYSTEM IN IGBO LAND: A HISTORICAL APPRAISAL.". Reiko Journals.