Wikipedia

Ntọala Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi

 

Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) bụ ọgbakọ na-abụghị gọọmentị (NGO) tọrọ ntọala na 2000 site n'aka Steve Trent na Juliette Williams nke na-arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa ụwa ebe ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịkwado ma kwado ya, obodo ndị dabere na ha. maka mkpa ha bụ isi na ihe ha ji ebi ndụ. Ọ na-akwalite ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, bụ nke ọ kọwara dị ka "nnweta nha anya ịnweta gburugburu ebe nchekwa na ahụike maka mmadụ niile, n'ụwa ebe anụ ọhịa nwere ike ịga n'ihu n'akụkụ ụmụ mmadụ."

EJF na-ekpughe mpụ na mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe iyi egwu jikọtara ya na ikike mmadụ, na-akọ akụkọ banyere ndị nọ n'ihu agha, ma na-ebuga ọgụ mpaghara na obi nke gọọmentị na azụmahịa n'ofe ụwa iji nweta mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide, zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Òtù ahụ na-eme nchọpụta siri ike nke na-eme n'elu ala na n'oké osimiri - na-enye ihe akaebe na-enweghị mgbagha, nchịkọta data zuru ezu, na akaebe nke mbụ - ndị a na-ejikọta ya na atụmatụ atụmatụ nke na-erute ọkwa kachasị elu na gọọmenti iji nweta nchebe na-adịgide adịgide, mgbanwe usoro. .

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ EJF gụnyere ọzụzụ na ịkwado obodo ndị ikpe na-ezighị ezi gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara iji nyochaa, dekọọ na ikpughe mmejọ wee mee mkpọsa nke ọma maka mkpebi ziri ezi na okwu ndị ahụ.

A na-emesi ike na ike ihe nkiri, ma ịdekọ ihe akaebe na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ikpe na-ezighị ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na ịmepụta ozi mgbasa ozi siri ike nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ụwa.

Ọrụ EJF na-ekpuchi mpaghara mkpọsa ise: oké osimiri, ihu igwe, oké ọhịa, anụ ọhịa na ụdị dị iche iche, na ogho.[1][2][3][4][5]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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The Environmental Justice Foundation tọrọ ntọala na London, UK na 2000 wee bụrụ Charity edebanyere aha na August 2001 site na Steve Trent na Juliette Williams. Ihe okike EJF bụ nzaghachi nye ahụhụ ụmụ mmadụ na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị malitere ya gbara akaebe na ọrụ ha dị ka ndị na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ahụmahụ a emeela ka ndị guzobere ya kwubie na ikike mmadụ nke ndị mmadụ nọ na mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa na-adabere na ohere ndị ahụ nwere inweta ebe dị mma maka nri, ebe obibi na ụzọ isi nweta ihe ha ga-esi nweta ihe ha ji ebi ndụ.

EJF mere mkpọsa mbụ ya na 2001: ịgbachitere ikike ịkụ azụ nke obodo na Cambodia. N'ihi mmemme ọzụzụ na akwụkwọ, e guzobere netwọk mba - Fisheries Action Coalition Team. The Fisheries Action Coalition Team bụ njikọ aka nke NGO nke nwere 12 NGO, ma nke obodo ma nke mba ụwa, nke sitere na NGO Forum.[6] E mepụtara akụkọ mkpọsa a na-akpọ Ememe ma ọ bụ Ụnwụ ma nye ndị na-eme iwu na nzukọ nke onye nnọchi anya Britain na Cambodia kwadoro, na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe na-akpali nsogbu ahụ na mba ahụ yana inweta nkwado mba ụwa.

EJF anọgidewo na-agbasawanye ọrụ ya iji gụnye ọgwụ ahụhụ, anụ ọhịa na ụdị dị iche iche, igbu azụ shrimp na ọrụ shrimp, igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, mmepụta ogho, mgbanwe ihu igwe (na-elekwasị anya na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ) na ọhịa.

Ebe ọrụ na ụzọ EJF si eme

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The Environmental Justice Foundation na-achụso ebumnuche ya site na nyocha na mkpọsa iji chebe ndị mmadụ, anụ ọhịa, na ebe ọhịa n'ofe ụwa, na-eweta teknụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ dị elu iji chekwaa oké osimiri ụwa, ọhịa na ihu igwe. Ọ na-ejikọta ọrụ ndị nkịtị, ime ihe nkiri, na nkwado dị irè iji nweta mgbanwe.[7]

Ọ na-eziga ndị nta akụkọ nke ya iji nyochaa, dee ma chịkọta akụkọ banyere mmegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike mmadụ. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ala iji nyere aka zụọ ndị otu mpaghara na usoro nyocha dị irè iji kpọsaa mmegbu na mpaghara ha, na-enye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu na okwu ndị ahụ na mba na ụwa.[7]

EJF na-arụkarị ọrụ na mmekorita ya na ndị NGO ndị ọzọ, gọọmentị mba na ndị otu mba ụwa, azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ndị nnọchi anya ama ama iji kpọsaa mkpọsa ya, gụnyere ndị na-akwado ya - onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-eme mkpọsa Tony Juniper, onye na-ese ihe Rachel Whiteread CBE, onye na'eme ihe nkiri Emilia Fox, onye na - onye na - Benedict Allen, onye na na-eme ihe nkiri nke anụ ọhịa Gordon Buchanan, onye na[8] Onye mmeri Nobel Prize Harold Pinter, CH, CBE bụ onye EJF Patron site na 2003 ruo 2008.

Mgbalị Oké Osimiri

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Ịkụ azụ gabigara ókè na ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị na-ahapụ oké osimiri anyị n'ọnụ ọdịda zuru oke, ka ndị ọrụ na-achọ ịpụnara oké osimiri anyị ike gwụrụ, ọtụtụ na-agbaso ọrụ ohu - nke ime ihe ike na-amanye - iji belata ọnụahịa.

EJF na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe oké osimiri, kwụsị igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ma kpochapụ mmebi iwu mmadụ nke ọrụ iwu na-ekwadoghị a na-akpata. Site n'ime nke a, EJF na-ezube ichebe ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na-adabere n'oké osimiri na anụ ọhịa mara mma na nke dịgasị iche iche nke na-akpọ ya ụlọ.

Malite na nyocha dị ukwuu banyere igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na West Africa, na akụkọ Pirates and Profiteers malitere na 2005, ọrụ EJF n'oké osimiri ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara asaa dị mkpa.

Ịkwụsị ihe otiti nke igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị gburugburu ụwa

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Nnyocha nke EJF emeela ka a mee ihe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ iji gbochie igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.[9] Nnyocha ha n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị si Panama, Thailand, Ghana na South Korea, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, etinyela aka na usoro 'carding' nke EU iji soro gọọmentị rụọ ọrụ iji kpochapụ igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'ụmụ mmiri ha ma nye ha ikike ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe ọ bụla.[10][11][12][13]

Akụkọ na nyocha nke EJF na-adịbeghị anya emeela ka a mata igbu dolphin na ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ nke Taiwan, mmebi ikike mmadụ na ụgbọ mmiri ndị China nwere na Ghana, njikọ dị n'etiti igbu azụ iwu na-akwadoghị na West Africa na oriri mmiri na Europe, ma mee ka edepụta ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-adịghị na-akwọta gburugburu ụwa.[14][15][16][17]

Ịlụso ịgba ohu nke anụ mmiri ọgụ

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N'ihi na azụ na-eru nso na njedebe na ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'oge niile, ụgbọ mmiri na-aga ebe ọzọ - na-egbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na mpaghara mba ndị ọzọ - ma nọrọ ogologo oge n'oké osimiri, iji weghachite ihe na-ebelata mgbe niile.[18] Nke a emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ a na-ere ahịa bụrụ ndị a manyere ịrụ ọrụ ohu na ụgbọ mmiri, belata ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ, ma nye ahịa nri mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ ngwaahịa dị ọnụ ala.

Akụkọ, ihe nkiri na nyocha nke EJF emeela ka gọọmentị mee ihe ma webata ezigbo iwu iji dozie ịgba ohu nke oge a n'oké osimiri.[19][20]

Ichebe ụdị dị iche iche nke mmiri

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Ọtụtụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri na nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nọ n'ọnụ ọdịda: 90% nke nnukwu azụ oké osimiri ụwa efunahụla kemgbe afọ 1950.[21] EJF na-arụ ọrụ iji dekọọ ma kpughee usoro ịkụ azụ na-ebibi gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-etinye ahụike oké osimiri anyị n'ihe ize ndụ na azụmahịa iwu na-akwadoghị na ịchụ nta nke ụdị mmiri gụnyere sharks, rays na turtles nke na-eyi ọdịnihu ihe ndị a e kere eke egwu.[22][23][24]

N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nke EJF na-agagharị n'ụsọ osimiri iji jide n'aka na mbe nwere ike ịlaghachi n'oké osimiri n'enweghị nsogbu.[25] Na Liberia, EJF ewuola obodo nke ndị na-echebe anụ ọhịa, ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na atụmatụ ọrụ mba Liberia iji chebe sharks na rays.[26][27] Na Thailand, ọrụ EJF's Net Free Seas na-ewe ụgbụ azụ a tụfuru atụfu, nke na-egbu anụ ọhịa, site n'oké osimiri wee banye na akụ na ụba gburugburu, na-emepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na-adịgide adịgide gụnyere ihe nchebe maka ọgụ megide COVID-19.[28]

Ịchekwa azụ na-adịgide adịgide

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Kemgbe afọ 2017, EJF na onye mmekọ obodo Hen Mpoano na-arụkọ ọrụ iji melite ndụ ndị ọkụ azụ ma kwalite nchekwa nri na Ghana.[29][30] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ obodo 60 gafee mpaghara 10 dị na Central Region nke Ghana na Volta Estuary na mgbalị iji chekwaa ihe onwunwe mmiri maka ọgbọ ndị na-egbu azụ n'ógbè ahụ ugbu a na n'ọdịnihu.[31]

Na West Africa, EJF na-enye ndị obodo ike iguzo megide ọrụ ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị, na-enye ihe akaebe dị mkpa maka gọọmentị iji mee ihe megide omume iwu na-ekwadoghị ndị a.[32][33] Ọ na-akwado ndị ọkụ azụ obodo iji ghọta ma chebe ikike ha na njikwa azụ. Ọ na-akwalite nkwekọrịta ziri ezi nke ikike obibi iji chebe ebe ndị ọkụ azụ na-ada site na mwakpo nke njem nleta na ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-eme nnyocha na nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme ka mmetụta nke igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na igbubiga azụ ókè na ikike mmadụ kachasị mkpa.[34] N'ikpeazụ, ọ na-achọpụta ma na-akwalite ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji nyere aka gbasaa ntọala akụ na ụba nke ndị ọkụ azụ ma kwado nkwado ogologo oge nke azụ Ghana.

Imeziwanye nghọta na ịkụ azụ zuru ụwa ọnụ

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Ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị na ịgba ohu nke oge a na-aga n'ihu na onyinyo, na-ezere nyocha nke gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-azụ ahịa. Iji kwụsị ya, ịkụ azụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-aghọ ihe doro anya karị. Ụkpụrụ iri nke EJF maka nghọta zuru ụwa ọnụ na-akọwapụta usoro doro anya, nke steeti nwere ike iwere iji mee ka ịkụ azụ pụta ìhè.[35] EJF akwadowo maka nnabata nke ụkpụrụ ndị a na gọọmentị n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa dị ka European Commission.

EJF's Charter for Transparency public awareness campaign enwetala nkwado nke ndị isi na-ere ahịa na UK, nke na-agba mbọ inweta nri mmiri na-adịgide adịgide, nke doro anya, na akụkọ ya emeela ka a mara banyere usoro ndị ọrụ na-enweghị ụkpụrụ na-eji iji zere ntaramahụhụ maka igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.[36][37]

Ịmepụta olu siri ike maka ịkụ azụ obodo na Liberia

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A na-eme atụmatụ na 80% nke ndị bi na Liberia na-adabere na azụ maka protein dị mkpa. Obere azụ na-enyekwa ọrụ maka mmadụ 33,000 na mba ahụ ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na akụ na ụba, na-akpata ihe ruru 10% nke GDP. Mana ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị na-eyi ihe oriri na ihe ndị a dị mkpa egwu.[38]

EJF na-ezube inyere aka chekwaa azụ azụ iwu, nke na-adịgide adịgide na nke ziri ezi na Liberia.[39] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'inye obodo ike iji chịkwaa ịkụ azụ na ibelata ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị, na-ewulite nkwado na-adịgide adịgide na ikpe ziri ezi n'ime ngalaba ịkụ azụ nke Liberia.[40] Karịsịa ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike, ndị mejupụtara 60% nke ndị ọrụ ịkụ azụ.[41] Ọrụ a bụ akụkụ nke mmemme mmekọrịta ọrụ ugbo EU-Liberia, nke European Union kwadoro, ma na-aga n'ihu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri nke ọrụ EJF na Liberia.

Ịkwalite ọrụ nke usoro okike nke oké osimiri na iwu ihu igwe

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Mgbasa ozi carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke EJF na 2021 nwetara nkwado nke ndị mmadụ, ihe karịrị 90 NGO na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Europe, UK na karịa.[42] Ọ kpọrọ oku maka ọrụ dị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke oké osimiri n'ịnọgide na-enwe ihu igwe anyị ka a mata ya ma wuo ume maka nchebe oké osimiri na-aga n'ihu na mkparịta ụka COP26 na Glasgow, ebe e mere nkwa ọhụrụ a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi oké osimiri.[43][44]

Mgbasa ozi ihu igwe

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EJF na-ahụ mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye ụmụ mmadụ. Ka okpomọkụ ụwa na-eru n'ókè a na-ahụbeghị kemgbe ndekọ malitere, ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike na-aga n'ihu na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu na ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu nke enweghị ọrụ na-ahapụ ndị kasị daa ogbenye na ndị kachasị ike na mbara ala anyị.[45]

EJF kwenyere na nsogbu ihu igwe bụ ma nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ikike mmadụ, nakwa na ndị mbụ na-emetụta na nke kachasị njọ site na mmebi ihu igwe kwesịrị ịnụ olu ha.[46]

Na COP26 nke 2021 na Glasgow, ha kwadoro ihe omume, ihe ngosi nka ma zute ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji mee ka ha mee ihe siri ike na nsogbu ihu igwe.[47][48] Ha kwadoro ndị na-eto eto isii na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na bursaries iji gaa COP, na-enye ha ohere ịkekọrịta ozi ha, ma gbaa ndị ọzọ na-ahụ Maka ihu igwe ajụjụ ọnụ gburugburu ụwa dị ka akụkụ nke usoro "Voices missing from COP".[49][50]

Mgbasa ozi ihu igwe ha na-ezube inweta nchebe mba ụwa maka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ihu igwe, ịkwụsị esemokwu metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma wulite ume maka akụ na ụba gburugburu ụwa.[51] "Climate Manifesto" ha na 2021 depụtara nzọụkwụ ndị isi ụwa ga-ewere ugbu a maka ọdịnihu dị mma, dị nchebe.[45]

N'afọ 2009, EJF malitere mkpọsa mba ụwa ha iji chebe ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ihu igwe na akụkọ No Place Like Home .[52] Akụkọ a, nke e gosipụtara na European Parliament na 2011, na-ekwu maka mkpa ọ dị maka nkọwa iwu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ihu igwe na mbọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nye ha nchebe iwu. Nke a sochiri akụkọ na ihe nkiri Beyond Borders na 2017 na ihe ngosi foto na-agagharị agagharị nke foto nke ndị mmadụ gbanwere site na mgbanwe ihu igwe, gụnyere na National Theatre na London na 2018.[52]

N'afọ 2021, EJF dọtara uche mba ụwa na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị nsogbu ihu igwe kacha merie site na mkpọsa ha na akụkọ gbasara nchebe iwu mba ụwa maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ihu igwe, na-eme ka enweghị nkwado dị ugbu a maka ndị a manyere ịhapụ ụlọ ha n'ihi ihu igwe siri ike.[53][54] EJF na-aga n'ihu na-eme mkpọsa iji mee ka nchebe maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ihu igwe bụrụ ihe dị adị.

Site na nyocha EJF, dị ka The Gathering Storm, na site na mkparịta ụka na ndị na-eme iwu dị elu na ndị ọkachamara agha, EJF na-agbakọta ihe akaebe siri ike site na gburugburu ụwa iji gosi etu mgbanwe ihu igwe si arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpali esemokwu na ọgba aghara. Echiche EJF banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ na ọ bụ ihe na-eyi egwu, gọọmentị niile kwesịrị ime ihe iji zute nkwekọrịta Paris iji wepụ egwu a nke esemokwu.

Site na mkpesa zuru ụwa ọnụ na-akpọ maka mgbanwe iwu na mmekorita ya na ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere mmetụta gụnyere Dame Vivienne Westwood na Katherine Hamnett, EJF emeela ka a hụ okwu banyere nsogbu ihu igwe n'ozuzu ya ma kwado oku zuru ụwa ọnụ maka omume ihu igwe.[55][56]

EJF zụkwara ọhịa oge ochie na Wales na 2018 iji chekwaa carbon ma chebe anụ ọhịa, na-egosi mkpebi ụlọ ọrụ iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe n'onwe ya.[57]

Mgbasa ozi maka oké ọhịa

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Oké ọhịa bụ usoro okike dịgasị iche iche n'ala, ebe obibi nke ihe dị ka 80% nke anụ ọhịa ụwa. Ihe dị ka ijeri mmadụ 1.6 na-adabere n'oké ọhịa maka ihe ha ji ebi ndụ, maka nri, ebe obibi, na mmanụ.[58]

EJF na-eme mkpọsa iji kwụsị mbibi na-enweghị isi nke ebe obibi ndị a dị mkpa.[59] Mangroves bụ otu n'ime ebe obibi kachasị mkpa na mbara ala mana a na-ekpochapụ ngwa ngwa. EJF anọwo na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge iji chebe mangroves.[60] N'ịgwakọta ihe oriri mmiri na oké ọhịa ha na nyocha siri ike na mbibi nke mangroves maka ọrụ ugbo shrimp, EJF abụwo olu maka mgbanwe kemgbe afọ 2003.[61] N'idepụta akaebe nke ndị mmadụ na-emetụta site na mgbukpọ ọhịa na Bangladesh, EJF wuru ma ikpe gburugburu ebe obibi megide ọrụ ugbo shrimp na ikike mmadụ - nke a maara site na nhụjuanya nke ụlọ ọrụ a kpatara.[62]

N'afọ 2007, EJF so ndị otu Brazil SOS Abrolhos rụkọọ ọrụ iji chebe mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri site na atụmatụ maka ugbo shrimp dị ka Heathrow. N'oge gara aga, ọzụzụ ha maka Forum for the Defence of the Ceara Coast mere ka a na-egosi ihe nkiri na telivishọn Brazil na n'oge ọha na eze na-ege ntị na mmepe ugbo shrimp.[60]

Ọzọkwa na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke ala, EJF bụ akụkụ nke ọtụtụ NGO gburugburu ebe obibi na-achọ mgbanwe na nlekota iwu na Europe nke ọma, dịka ndị omeiwu na-aghọta na ọ dịghị ihe 'akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ' banyere mmanụ nkwụ biodiesel.[63]

Iwu EU biofuels na-amalite iburu n'uche ikuku na-esi n'oké ọhịa na-agbada na gburugburu ebe obibi nwere carbon. Ntuziaka Renewable Energy - nke Commission tinyere na European Parliament na Machị 2019 - chụpụrụ mmanụ nkwụ site na ebumnuche EU nke ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, na mbelata site na 2023 na njedebe ikpeazụ site na 2030.[64]

Mgbasa ozi gbasara anụ ọhịa na ụdị dị iche iche

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EJF bu ụzọ soro NGO Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV) rụkọọ ọrụ na 2003 nke e guzobere na 2000 dị ka nzukọ mbụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na Vietnam lekwasịrị anya na nchekwa nke okike na anụ ọhịa, iji lụso ọrụ ugbo anụ ọhịa bea iwu na-akwadoghị ọgụ. EJF kọrọ na a na-eme atụmatụ na a na'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị 4,000 Asian black bears na sun bears na ugbo anụ ọhịa bea nke Vietnam. A na-ewepụta bile ha mgbe niile maka iji ya mee ihe na ọgwụ ọdịnala na ọgwụ.

N'agbata afọ 2003 na afọ 2009, EJF nyere ENV vidiyo, mgbasa ozi, nkwukọrịta na ọzụzụ na ngwá ọrụ nkwado. O nyere aka mee nyocha nzuzo ma duzie mkpọsa ọha na eze na telivishọn Vietnamese, ma nye ndị na-ese foto na ndị nchịkọta akụkọ na ọzụzụ ọzọ.

N'afọ 2003, EJF bipụtara akụkọ ọrịa nje sitere na anụ ọhịa na China: SARS nwere ike ime ọzọ?, nke gosipụtara ahịa anụ ọhịa azụmahịa nke China dị ka isi iyi nke ọrịa na-egbu egbu n'ọdịnihu.[65] Mgbe ọrịa COVID-19 gosipụtara nke a na 2020, EJF malitere mkpọsa iji machibido ahịa anụ ọhịa azụmahịa iwu n'ụwa niile, na mkpesa a bịanyere aka na kọntinent isii na akụkọ ọhụrụ, Gịnị mere Ban Commercial Wildlife Markets?[66] Mmachibido iwu na ahịa anụ ọhịa na-esikwu ike gburugburu ụwa, echiche ọha na eze na-amalite imegide ha, ọbụlagodi na mba ndị nwere ahịa anụ ọhịa.[67]

EJF na-arụkwa ọrụ na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na ụmụ amaala na ala mmiri Pantanal nke Brazil, ebe obibi dị mkpa n'ụwa niile maka nnukwu anụmanụ, jaguars na ndị ọzọ, na-ebipụta akụkọ Paradise Lost? na-akọwapụta otu esi echebe usoro okike a na 2020.[68][69]

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EJF na-eme mkpọsa iji belata ọnụahịa mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta ogho, na-ekpughe mmebi ikike mmadụ, iji ọgwụ ahụhụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, ụkọ mmiri na ịkpọ oku maka ngosipụta nke usoro nnyefe.[70][71][72][73][74] Ọ nyochara ma kpughee ọrụ mmanye ụmụaka na-akwado na Uzbekistan nke mere ka ọganihu ozugbo na usoro mbubata mba ụwa na iwu ndị na-ere ahịa.[75][76][77]

E wepụtara ihe nkiri na akụkọ EJF nke nwetara ihe nrite White Gold, nke na-ekpuchi mmebi ikike mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi nke Uzbek, na 2005, na mkpọsa zuru ụwa ọnụ na "The True Costs of Cotton" n'afọ sochirinụ.[78][79] A kọrọ nke a na BBC Newsnight, na ndị isi na-ere ahịa Marks na Spencer na Tesco wepụrụ ogho Uzbek ozugbo n'ihi ya.[80] N'afọ 2006, EJF malitere Just For, na-ere uwe owuwe ihe ubi a na-emepụta n'ụzọ ziri ezi na mmekorita ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe.[81]

Gọọmentị Uzbek bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta maka ọrụ ụmụaka na 2008 dị ka nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke nrụgide EJF, na mkpọsa owuwe ihe ubi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke EJF gara n'ihu na akụkọ banyere ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ uwe na-akwalite mgbanwe ihu igwe, dị ka 2020's Moral Fibre.[79][82]

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Otu n'ime mmemme mbụ nke EJF bụ mkpọsa ya maka mba na n'ikpeazụ mmachibido iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepụta na ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ endosulfan. N'ịbụ nke United States Environmental Protection Agency kewara dị ka ihe 'dị oke egwu', e jiri endosulfan tụnyere DDT na ikike ya maka mmerụ ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ dịkwa oke egwu nye ụmụ mmadụ.[83]

EJF malitere idepụta ojiji nke endosulfan na Cambodia na 2002 wee bipụta akụkọ akpọrọ Death in Small Doses n'otu afọ ahụ.[84] Na-arụ ọrụ na CEDAC (Centre d'Etude et de Développement Agricole Cambodgien), otu NGO nke Cambodia, EJF dere ihe gbasara ojiji nke endosulfan site n'aka ndị ọrụ ugbo nke Cambodia ma dekọọ ọtụtụ nchegbu nchekwa, gụnyere enweghị ihe nchebe na ikpughe ụmụaka, ụlọ, anụ ụlọ na ihe oriri ezinụlọ.

E ji mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ End of the Road for Endosulfan mee ihe iji mee ka Minista Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Cambodia kweta ịmachibido endosulfan iwu na mba ahụ.[85] E mechara kwuo nkọwa a na atụmatụ European Union nke afọ 2008 iji tinye endosulfan na Annexes nke Stockholm Convention.

N'afọ 2011, EJF kwupụtara na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha na ọ "nwere obi ụtọ ịkpọsa na, mgbe nyocha na arụmụka zuru oke gasịrị, anyị emechaala ruo na njedebe nke ụzọ maka ọgwụ ahụhụ endosulfan" na-eso akụkọ na Friday April 29, 2011, ndị nnọchiteanya mba na nnọkọ nke ise nke òtù (COP5) kwetara idepụta endosul fan n'okpuru Ndepụta A nke Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).[86]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Ocean (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  2. ↑ Climate (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  3. ↑ Forests (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  4. ↑ Wildlife and Biodiversity (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  5. ↑ Cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  6. ↑ Fisheries Action Coalition Team - www.forumsyd.org. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved on 2011-06-27.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Environmental Justice Foundation. Impact report 2019. Environmental Justice Foundation.
  8. ↑ The EJF team (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-02.
  9. ↑ Ending Illegal Fishing (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  10. ↑ EU Council announces first-ever seafood trade ban against illegal… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  11. ↑ EU warning to Thailand to tackle pirate fishing or risk trade… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  12. ↑ EU Keeps Pressure on States to Combat IUU (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  13. ↑ EU removes South Korea from list of those failing to combat pirate… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  14. ↑ Cetacean slaughter, shark finning and human rights abuse in Taiwan's… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  15. ↑ Fear, hunger and violence: Human rights in Ghana's industrial trawl… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  16. ↑ Pirate Fish on Your Plate (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  17. ↑ Illegal fishing fleet blacklisted, showing urgent need for… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  18. ↑ Data | The World Bank (en-us). datatopics.worldbank.org. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  19. ↑ Blood and Water: Human rights abuse in the global seafood industry (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  20. ↑ Thailand's Seafood Slaves (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  21. ↑ CNN.com - Study: Only 10 percent of big ocean fish remain - May. 14, 2003. edition.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
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  23. ↑ Commercial wildlife markets and the green recovery (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  24. ↑ Help EJF save nesting marine turtles (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  25. ↑ EJF in the field: Turtle nesting season in Ghana (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  26. ↑ Saving the seas: EJF's Ocean Defenders (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  27. ↑ Liberia steps up to protect sharks and rays (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  28. ↑ Net Free Seas: The community project in Thailand cleaning up the… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  29. ↑ EJF and partners Hen Mpoano launch regular radio show in Cape Coast,… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  30. ↑ Securing sustainable fisheries (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  31. ↑ Traditional tenure rights in the clam fishery of the Volta estuary (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  32. ↑ Opening up Environmentally Sustainable, Climate- Resilient Livelihood… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  33. ↑ New phone app is effective weapon in Ghana's fight against illegal… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  34. ↑ A human rights lens on the impacts of industrial illegal fishing and… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  35. ↑ The ten principles for global transparency (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  36. ↑ M&S + Waitrose & Partners sign EJF Charter for Transparency to end… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  37. ↑ Off the hook: How flags of convenience let illegal fishing go… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  38. ↑ Communities for Fisheries Liberia (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  39. ↑ EJF calls on Liberian government to safeguard inshore exclusion zone (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  40. ↑ Empowering Liberia's fishing communities to protect ocean ecosystems (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  41. ↑ Women are the strongest pillar (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  42. ↑ Blue carbon (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  43. ↑ Ocean protection is key to climate policy (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  44. ↑ COP26 deal sees progress on ocean protection (en-US). chinadialogue ocean (2021-11-16). Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 A manifesto to combat global heating (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  46. ↑ Nothing short of betrayal: the COP26 climate pact (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  47. ↑ Our work at COP26: Taking stock and looking to the future (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  48. ↑ Climate skate-art show launch and film screening at COP26 (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  49. ↑ Meet the six climate activists EJF is supporting at COP (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  50. ↑ The voices missing from COP26 (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  51. ↑ Climate (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 No Place Like Home (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  53. ↑ Protecting climate refugees (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  54. ↑ No shelter from the storm: The urgent need to recognise and protect… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  55. ↑ Sign a petition (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2022-02-07. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  56. ↑ EJF at Urban Outdoors festival featuring Vivienne Westwood &… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  57. ↑ Climate commitment: EJF buys ancient woodland (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  58. ↑ Forests | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. sdgs.un.org. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  59. ↑ Forests (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Defending the world's life-giving mangroves (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  61. ↑ Smash and Grab (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  62. ↑ Desert in the Delta (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  63. ↑ Nothing but snake oil: Join EJF in saying no to palm-oil biodiesel (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  64. ↑ "EU to phase out palm oil from transport fuel by 2030", Reuters, 2018-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-07. (in en)
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  66. ↑ Why ban commercial wildlife markets? (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
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  68. ↑ A wetland under siege: is the Pantanal a paradise lost? (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  69. ↑ Paradise lost? Protecting the Pantanal, a precious ecosystem in crisis (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  70. ↑ The Children Behind Our Cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  71. ↑ The Deadly Chemicals in Cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  72. ↑ The True Costs of Cotton: Cotton Production and Water Insecurity (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  73. ↑ Somebody Knows (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  74. ↑ Cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  75. ↑ White Gold: Uzbekistan, a Slave Nation for Our Cotton? (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  76. ↑ European Parliament rejects proposal to reduce tariffs on Uzbek… (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  77. ↑ EJF invited by UK Government to discuss Uzbek cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  78. ↑ White Gold: The True Cost of Cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 The true costs of cotton (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Archived from the original on 2022-02-07. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  80. ↑ Tesco takes a stand against forced labour in Uzbek cotton harvest (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  81. ↑ ORGANIC T-SHIRTS - Fashion that doesn't cost the earth (en-GB). ORGANIC T-SHIRTS - Fashion that doesn't cost the earth. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  82. ↑ Moral fibre: The cool option for a heating planet (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  83. ↑ LandscapeOnline.com :: Article : Endosulfan DDT's Cousin, to be Banned. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved on 2011-07-04.
  84. ↑ Death in Small Doses (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  85. ↑ End Of The Road For Endosulfan (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.
  86. ↑ A Global Ban on Endosulfan (en-US). Environmental Justice Foundation. Retrieved on 2022-02-07.

Njikọ mpụga

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