Nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze

Ndị nlekọta nsogbu na-akwado bụ ụdị ego ngwaọrụ emebere iji gboo ọnụ akara niile ma ọ bụ mkpa ngwaọrụ sitere na ego a na-achịkwa nsogbu. Na-emekarị nke a n'okpuru ụdị ụfọdụ nke onye kwuo uche onye kwuo uche, ikike nke gburu nke e debere na iwu na-emetụta ndị mmadụ dum na-enye aka na ego ma ọ bụ na-enweta uru site na ya.

Ego ahụ nwere ike ịbụ onye obi na-azụ nke uru nke na- enyo maka akwụkwọ dịka iwu iwu nke ndị otu ma ọ bụ site n'ụdị onye kwuo uche ya ọzọ. Na mba ụfọdụ, ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na- ego njikwa ahụ maka abamuru nke ndị mmadụ niile. Nke ahụ na-ekewa ya na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke mgbanwe onwe onye, ikike nke mpaghara nke dị n'okpuru ọrụ n'etiti onye ego ma ọ bụ onye nkwado ha na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-achọ uru site n'ịchịkwa ego n'etiti ndị na-enye ego. na ndị na-enye ọrụ ndekọ.

Mgbe ụtụ isi bụ ụzọ bụ isi e si enweta ego nlekọta ahụike yana mgbe ụfọdụ nwere mkpuchi mmanye, ndị niile tozuru oke na-enweta otu ọkwa mkpuchi ahụ n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ego ha ma ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ. ^[1]

Ụdị dị iche iche nke usoro ọha

Ọtụtụ mba usoro mepere emepe na-echere nke obere ma ọ bụ nke nsogbu. Ọtụtụ mba ụlọ ihie n'ebe ahụ ike njikwa ike ndị na-egosi mmadụ na ibe ya dabere na ikike nke ụlọ n'otu nke ọha mmadụ nke na-ekpuchi ndị tozuru etozu ka ha buru ibu kpọmkwem nke ọtụtụ ekpuchi ngwaọrụ, nke a na-enweta site na ụtụ isi n'oge ndụ ọrụ ha.^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

N'ime mba nwere ike nnukwu ego ọha na eze maka ụmụaka ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche maka ego na ndị ọrụ. Enwere ike ekiri site na ego izugbe (dị ka ọ dị na Canada, United Kingdom, Brazil na India ) ma ọ bụ site na nchekwa nchekwa nke ụzọ dị ka ọ dị na mba Australia, France, Belgium, Japan na Germany) na fu ego dị iche na atụ ụtụ isi ma ọ bụ nri. Ozi nke nkọwa ekpuchikwara iche: na Canada, na-njiko, na- ịgba ụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ niile, ebe na Japan, ndị ọrịa ga- irí ruo pacenti iri atọ nke ọnụ ọnụ ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọrụ nke sistemu nsogbu na-enye dị iche iche. apeere, Belgium na- atụgharị maka akụkọ eze na anya, ebe Australia na-ekpuchi anya anya mana ọ bụghị nkwupụta eze.^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

Gọọmenti nwere ike ịhịa aka n'ahụ ọgwụ na-etinye ego na eze, dịka na mba Nordic, Portugal, Spain, na Ịtali ; N'ime usoro ụfọdụ, n'agbanyeghị, a na-akwado ọgwụ n'ihu ọha mana ọtụtụ ndị na-enye ụlọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe, dịka ọ dị na Canada. a na-enye ndị mgbasa ozi ndị factor, yana fu ego ya nwere ike ikepụ iche na furu ego steeti. Usoro ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-akpata nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ . Mba ụfọdụ, dị ka Jamanị, nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị akwụkwọ àmà site na usoro iwu mkpado. Ụfọdụ, dị ka Netherlands na Switzerland, na-ekwe ka ndị insurers na- echiche onwe ha sonye.

Nlekọta ahụike nke ọkwa abụọ

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ obodo ọ bụla bụ isi nwere usoro nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze na-enwetakwa usoro nkeonwe maka ndị ọrịa nwere mkpuchi ahụike nke onwe ma ọ bụ na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ọgwụgwọ. Na steeti ndị ahụ, ndị nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nwere ike nweta ọgwụgwọ na nkasi obi nwere ike ọ gaghị adị maka ndị dabere na usoro steeti. ^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

Site na akụkụ nke ụdị NHS (1948), ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na United Kingdom agụnyere "akwa ihe eme ihe" nke ga- ọnụ ụlọ nke dabara adaba nke ọma, yana ngalaba na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ ebe a na-enyekwu ihe eji. Paris ndụ aka. Ndị ọrịa na-eji akwa akwa ndị nọ n'iche ọgwụ NHS maka ire ịwa ahụ, a na-arụkwa ọrụ n'otu ebe a na-arụ ọrụ dịka ọrụ NHS na otu onye ọrụ mana ụlọ na-enweta na-enweta ego. n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ onye ọrịa. Ihe ndina ihe eji arụ ndụ aka adịghị na ike ego ọha, dịka na mba Spain. Ndị NHS na-akwụkwa ụgwọ maka ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe ka ha were mee ihe gbasara ịwa ahụ n'okpuruokpuru.^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

Mkparịta ụka amụma

Nnyocha mba ụwa nke 2006 banyere otu ndị nwere ọrụ si eche na gọọmentị bụ maka ego nlekọta ahụike

Ọtụtụ mba na-achọ nguzozi ziri ezi nke mkpuchi ọha na nke onwe, enyemaka ọha, na ịkwụ ụgwọ n'akpa.

Ọtụtụ mba OECD emejuputala mgbanwe iji nweta ebumnuche amụma iji hụ na ịnweta nlekọta ahụike, melite ogo nlekọta ahụike na nsonaazụ ahụike, na-ekenye ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke mpaghara ọha na eze ndị ọzọ maka nlekọta ahụike mana n'otu oge ahụ na-ahụ na a na-enye ọrụ na a. ọnụ ahịa na-akwụ ụgwọ na ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ (ọrụ microeconomic). Usoro dị iche iche, dị ka ụzọ ịkwụ ụgwọ ka mma, emela ka mkpali akụ na ụba microeconomic na-eche ndị na-eweta ya ihu. Agbanyeghị, iwebata ihe mkpali emelitere site na mpaghara asọmpi karịa n'etiti ndị na-enye ọrụ na ndị insurers egosila ihe siri ike. ^[2]

Afọ Harvard nke afọ 2009 nke e ndidi na American Journal of Public Health ihe pụtara puku iri anọ na anọ, narị asatọ kwa afọ na United Steeti n'ihi , dhaawac ,adi fim nke ndị mba Amerika, ya na otu ngafe nke ọhụrụ iri na abụọ. [1] [2] N'ịgbasawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na mba United Steeti, ma ọ bụ ụwa ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ, ndị na-anwụ n'ihi ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ e mere na-abụ n'afọ 1997 na ọ mgbanwe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ puku narị kwa afọ. ^[3]

Hụkwa

Ahụ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ
Amụma ahụike
Usoro ahụike
Iwu ahụike
Nlekọta ahụike tụnyere ogo dị iche iche nke ego ọha
mkpuchi ahụike mba
Echiche ọha maka mgbanwe nlekọta ahụike na United States
Nlekọta ahụike onye na-akwụ otu onye
ọgwụ emekọrịtara ọnụ
mkpuchi ọha
Nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ
National Health Service nke United Kingdom

Ntụaka

↑ Claude Blanchette, Erin Tolley. "PUBLIC- AND PRIVATE-SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH-CARE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF OECD COUNTRIES." May 1997. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
↑ Elizabeth Docteur (2003). "Health-Care Systems: Lessons from the Reform Experience".
↑ A 1997 study carried out by Professors David Himmelstein and Steffie Woolhandler (New England Journal of Medicine 336, no. 11 [1997]) "concluded that almost 100,000 people died in the United States each year because of lack of needed care—three times the number of people who died of AIDs." The Inhuman State of U.S. Health Care, Monthly Review, Vicente Navarro, September 2003. Retrieved 2009-09-10

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

(May 2002) "A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing mortality rates of private for-profit and private not-for-profit hospitals". CMAJ 166 (11): 1399–406. PMID 12054406.
(June 2004) "Payments for care at private for-profit and private not-for-profit hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis". CMAJ 170 (12): 1817–24. DOI:10.1503/cmaj.1040722. PMID 15184339.
Doctors support universal health care: survey, Reuters, March 31, 2008 (first reported in Annals of Internal Medicine).
Krauss, C. As Canada's Slow-Motion Public Health System Falters, Private Medical Care is Surging, New York Times, February 26, 2006.
(August 1999) "When money is the mission—the high costs of investor-owned care". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (6): 444–6. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199908053410611. PMID 10432332.

[Blanchette-1] Claude Blanchette, Erin Tolley. "PUBLIC- AND PRIVATE-SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH-CARE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF OECD COUNTRIES." May 1997. Retrieved September 12, 2006.

[docteur/oxley-2] Elizabeth Docteur (2003). "Health-Care Systems: Lessons from the Reform Experience".

[3] A 1997 study carried out by Professors David Himmelstein and Steffie Woolhandler (New England Journal of Medicine 336, no. 11 [1997]) "concluded that almost 100,000 people died in the United States each year because of lack of needed care—three times the number of people who died of AIDs." The Inhuman State of U.S. Health Care, Monthly Review, Vicente Navarro, September 2003. Retrieved 2009-09-10

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