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Njikọ Oké Ọhịa

   

Rainforest Alliance
Formation 1987; 36 years ago (1987)
Founder Daniel Katz
Type NGO
Chairman
 Daniel Katz
Website www.rainforest-alliance.org
The Rainforest Alliance certification seal on a cup of coffee.
Akara asambodo Rainforest Alliance na iko kọfị.

Rainforest Alliance bụ òtù mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) nwere ndị ọrụ na mba 20 na ọrụ na mba 70.[1][2] Ọ bụ Daniel Katz, onye America na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, guzobere ya na 1987, onye na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke ndị nduzi. Òtù NGO ahụ na-ekwu na ebumnuche ya bụ "ịmepụta ụwa na-adịgide adịgide site na iji ike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ahịa iji chebe okike ma melite ndụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na obodo ọhịa".[3] Ọrụ ya gụnyere inye asambodo gburugburu ebe obibi maka nkwado na ọrụ ugbo. N'otu oge ahụ na mmemme asambodo ya, Rainforest Alliance na-emepe ma na-etinye usoro nchekwa na mmepe obodo ogologo oge n'ọtụtụ ebe okpomọkụ dị mkpa ebe mmepụta ngwaahịa na-eyi ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdịmma nke obodo ime obodo egwu.[4]

Rainforest Alliance bụ otu ndị na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka ngwaahịa na-ejikọta ọdịmma nke ụlọ ọrụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị na-elekọta ọhịa, obodo, na ndị na-azụ ahịa iji mepụta ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide na nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ.[3]

Njikọ ya na UTZ

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Na June 2017, Rainforest Alliance na UTZ kwupụtara ebumnuche ha ijikọ, na Jenụwarị 2018, e mechara njikọta ahụ n'ụzọ iwu.[5] Òtù ndị ahụ jikọtara ọnụ iji kwado ọrụ ha yiri nke ahụ iji dozie mgbukpọ ọhịa, mgbanwe ihu igwe, ịda ogbenye, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi. Nzukọ ahụ jikọtara ọnụ, n'okpuru aha Rainforest Alliance, na-ezo aka na mmụba na ike nke nka ha jikọtara ọnụ iji nweta mmetụta dị mkpa iji zute ihe ịma aka ndị a n'ụzọ dị irè.[6]

Ọrụ Rainforest Alliance na-aga n'ihu na Latin America, Africa, na Eshia.[7]

Rainforest Alliance ọhụrụ wepụtara ọkọlọtọ asambodo ọhụrụ na 2020, na-ewu n'elu ọkọlọtọ ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide nke Rainforest alliance gara aga na ọkọlọtọ UTZ.[8] Usoro asambodo abụọ gara aga ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge, ugbo ga-anọgidekwa dị ka Rainforest Alliance ma ọ bụ UTZ kwadoro ruo mgbe ha gafere na ọkọlọtọ ọhụrụ nke 2020. A ga-amalite nyocha megide ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ ahụ na Julaị 2021.[9]

Ihe omume Rainforest Alliance

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Otu nwanyị na-ewe kọfị na ndagwurugwu nke ụlọ ọrụ Rainforest Alliance Certified Ciudad Barrios na El Salvador.

asambodo maka ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide

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Ka ọ na-erule Ọktọba 1, 2018, Rainforest Alliance gbanwere azụmahịa asambodo ọhịa ya na-adịgide adịgide, gụnyere ọrụ niile metụtara ya, ndị ọrụ na ndị ahịa, gaa na Preferred by Nature (nke bụbu NEPCon), otu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-enweghị uru na Copenhagen, Denmark. Preferred by Nature abụwo onye otu Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) kemgbe 1996.[10]

asambodo ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide

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Usoro ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide nke Rainforest Alliance gụnyere mmemme ọzụzụ maka ndị ọrụ ugbo yana asambodo nke obere, nke dị n'etiti na nke buru ibu nke na-emepụta ihe karịrị 100 ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche, gụnyere kọfị, tii, koko, na unere. (The Rainforest Alliance na-ewepụ asambodo ehi n'ihi na ọ bụghị n'ókè nke 2020 Certification Program.) N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Rainforest Alliance agbasawo ọrụ ya na ndị nwe obere ala, nke gụnyere ihe karịrị nde ndị ọrụ ugbo 2 nke nzukọ ahụ kwadoro.[11][2] Iji nweta asambodo, ugbo ga-emezu ụkpụrụ ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide, nke e mere iji chekwaa usoro okike, chebe ụdị dị iche iche na ụzọ mmiri, chekwaa ọhịa, belata ojiji agrochemical, melite ụzọ ndụ, ma chekwaa ikike na ọdịmma nke ndị ọrụ na obodo.[12] Rainforest Alliance na-agba azụmaahịa na ndị na-azụ ahịa ume ịkwado ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide site n'inweta ma ọ bụ ịhọrọ ngwaahịa ndị a na-akụ na ugbo ndị a kwadoro. A na-elekọta ihe karịrị nde hekta 5 nke ala ugbo n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru asambodo Rainforest Alliance, ka ọ na-erule 2019.[2]

Ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ

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The Rainforest Alliance 2017 Sustainable Agriculture Standard dabeere na usoro mmelite nke nta nke nta ebe a ga-emezu ihe ndị ọzọ achọrọ kwa afọ. Maka ugbo iji nweta asambodo na mbụ, achọrọ ka ọ nweta pasent 100 nke ụkpụrụ ndị dị oke egwu na pasent 50 nke ụkpụrụ mmelite na-aga n'ihu n'ime otu ọ bụla.[13] Ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ugbo nke 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard gụnyere isi ihe achọrọ na ihe ndị dị mkpa maka imeziwanye. Ihe ndị dị mkpa na-akọwapụta usoro ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide nke a ga-ezute iji nweta asambodo ma tụọ ya dịka ihe nlereanya gafere / ọdịda.[14] Ha gụnyere usoro nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi; nchedo nke anụ ọhịa na ụzọ mmiri; iji ihe nchebe maka ndị ọrụ; ntuziaka banyere iji agrochemical eme ihe; mmachibido iwu nke ihe ọkụkụ transgenic na mmejuputa usoro "nnyocha na adreesị" iji nyochaa ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrụ ụmụaka, ọrụ mmanye, ịkpa ókè na ime ihe ike n'ebe ọrụ.[15] A na-eme ihe ndị a chọrọ maka imeziwanye iji kwalite ma tụọ ọganihu na omume na-adịgide adịgide. A na-ekewa ha dị ka iwu ma ọ bụ nke onwe ya họọrọ. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị a chọrọ maka imeziwanye bụ ịgafe / ọdịda, ebe a na-atụle ndị ọzọ na Smart Meters.[16]

Smart Meters na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ụzọ ha ga-esi setịpụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ugbo ha dabere na ihe kacha baa uru ma nwee ike ime n'ime ọnọdụ ha. Kama inwe ebumnuche a kapịrị ọnụ nke Rainforest Alliance setịpụrụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo ga-etinye ebumnuche nke ha maka mmelite ma kọwaa ihe ndị dị mkpa iji nweta ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ ezie na ugbo niile ga-ahọpụta onye ma ọ bụ kọmitii iji dozie nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ma mee nyocha ihe ize ndụ, onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịtọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ya kwa afọ iji dozie ọdịiche dị iche iche metụtara ọnọdụ ha.

Rainforest Alliance Certified Seal

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Akara akara Rainforest Alliance Certified na-apụta naanị na ngwaahịa ndị na-emezu ụkpụrụ ihe ọkụkụ na ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara n'elu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2008, ụlọ ọrụ Ethical Corporation kpọrọ asambodo Rainforest Alliance "atụmatụ siri ike, nke a kwadoro n'onwe ya".[17] Ka ọ na-erule 2019, ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ 5,000 na-azụta ma ọ bụ na-ere ngwaahịa site na ugbo Rainforest Alliance Certified, a pụkwara ịhụ akara Rainforest League Certified na ihe karịrị mba 100.[2] Ka ọ na-erule June 2015, pasent 13.6 nke koko ụwa na pasent 15.1 nke tii na-abịa site na ugbo Rainforest Alliance Certified.[18] As of 2017, pasent 5.7 nke kọfị ụwa sitere na ugbo Rainforest Alliance Certified.[19]

Njem Na-adịgide Adịgide

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Rainforest Alliance bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na nkwenye njem nleta nke atọ, na-arụ ọrụ na họtel, ndị na-eme njem nleta na ndị na-apụ apụ, na azụmaahịa njem ndị ọzọ iji nyere ha aka melite omume gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụ na ụba ha. Ka ọ na-erule n'October 1, 2018, Preferred by Nature weghaara nlekọta nke Rainforest Alliance Sustainable Tourism Standards for Hotel and Lodging Services and Inbound Tour Operators. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, azụmaahịa njem nwere ike iji akara frog na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke Rainforest Alliance mgbe ha nwetara asambodo dịka Preferred by Nature's Sustainable Tourism Standard, nke Global Sustainable Tourism Council nabatara.[10]

Rainforest Alliance 2020 Certification Program

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A gbatịkwuru asambodo Rainforest Alliance n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na ngwaahịa ndị dị ka pineapple, hazelnuts, mmanụ akị bekee, mmiri oroma, na akwụkwọ nri, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.[20] Ọnụnọ nke akara na ngwaahịa ndị a aghọwo uru agbakwunyere na ọgbọ azụmahịa. Karịsịa maka ndị na-ere ahịa, akara ahụ na-anọchite anya ọdịiche nke na-eme ka a mata ọdịiche ma na-agba akaebe na e mepụtara ihe ọkụkụ ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide, na-egbo ihe ndị a chọrọ.[21] Usoro asambodo afọ ofufo dị ka nke a na-achọ ịkwụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ụgwọ ndị na-eme mgbalị iji mezuo usoro ọrụ ugbo ka mma iji nweta asambodo ahụ.[22] Otú ọ dị, n'omume, a naghị akwụghachi ndị na-emepụta ihe ụgwọ mgbe niile maka mbọ ha.[23]

Iji paarọ Rainforest Alliance, a na-ahụ usoro ụfọdụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi, mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụ na-ama. Ya mere, ugbo ndị na-ahụ iru eru maka ụkpụrụ na-aga n'ihu na ike. A na-etinye ihe ndị na-enye n'usoro mmemme mmemme nke ahụ ahụ, nke e mezi , na ihe ọhụrụ a na-eme na June 2020. Ihe omume ọhụrụ ahụ, nke a na-akpọ Sustainable Agriculture Standard, , , lay amụ nke gara aga ma akara ihe ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụ na agwa. Na mgbakwunye, Standard Agriculture Sustainable nwere ihe abụọ dị mkpa: ihe ndị na-eji maka ugbo na ihe ndị a na-achọ maka usoro okporo.

The Sustainable Agriculture Standard na-egosipụta ihe ọhụrụ na mpaghara ndị a: ọrụ ugbo nwere ọgụgụ isi na ihu igwe, mgbukpọ ọhịa, ichekwa ụdị dị iche iche, nyocha, ibu ọrụ a na-ekerịta, ikike mmadụ, ụgwọ ọrụ ndụ, mmelite na-aga n'ihu, ego ndụ, mmesi obi ike dabere na ihe ize ndụ na nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị. Rainforest Alliance bụ onye na-agbaso koodu nke ISEAL, a na-enyocha Standard Agriculture Sustainable n'onwe ya megide ụkpụrụ ISEAL Code of Good Practice.[24]

Nlekọta ala

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Rainforest Alliance na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta ma tinye n'ọrụ mmemme nchekwa na mmepe obodo na mpaghara okpomọkụ ebe mmepụta ngwaahịa na-eyi obodo ime obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi egwu. Usoro nchịkwa ala nke Rainforest Alliance na-enye ndị na-emepụta, ụlọ ọrụ, obodo, gọọmentị ime obodo, na ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị ohere ikwurịta maka ọdịmma na omume otu.[25][26][27]

Nkatọ na nzaghachi

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Nsogbu ọnụahịa dị ala

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Rainforest Alliance na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide, dị ka ndị nna UTZ Certified na organic, ihe enye ndị na-ahụ ndụ kacha nta ma ọ bụ nke a ochie, ya mere na-ahapụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ maka aha aha. apeere, n'afọ ndị 1980, a na-ere otu pound arọ dị mma maka ihe dị ka US $ 1.20; Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 2003, a na- rere otu paụnd maka ihe dị na $ 0.50, nke na-emetụta iji ebelata n'elu ụwa. nsogbu arịgoola elu ruo n'ókè, ihe mere maka arabica ruru $ 1.18 / pound na-achọ awụ 2007.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ugbo Rainforest Alliance Certified na-enweta n'ezie ọnụahịa maka mmepụta dị elu, Rainforest League na-elekwasị anya n'imeziwanye ụdị ọrụ ugbo niile. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ egosila na usoro nzukọ ahụ dị irè n'ịkwalite ego na ego ndị ọrụ ugbo.[28]

Prọfesọ nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadum Michigan State Daniel Jaffee akatọọla asambodo Rainforest Alliance, na-azọrọ na ụkpụrụ ya "dị ala karịa nke azụmahịa ziri ezi" ma na-ekwu "ha na-eguzobe obere ụlọ na ọnọdụ ịdị ọcha mana ha anaghị ekwu ọnụahịa kacha nta maka kọfị. N'ụzọ dị oke egwu, ha chọrọ ka ndị nwe ubi kwụọ ndị ọrụ ụgwọ ọrụ kacha nta nke mba, nke a ma ama na-ezughị oke.[29]

The Economist na-akwado usoro Rainforest Alliance ma kwuo na "ịkwado ịrụ kacha nta [dị ka Fairtrade na-eme] na-eme ihe mkpali iji melite ogo". Ha na-ekwukwa na ndị na- ụzọ na-ekwu na "nke biya Fairtrade mma iche iche. Rainforest Alliance na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche. Ọ naghị ekwe nkwa ịrụ kacha nta ma ọ bụ na-enye ego dị elu mana ọ na-enye onye. oche onwe ha n'ahịa."

The Rainforest Alliance 2020 Certification Program na- usoro ọrụ nke ndị na-akpọ ihe abụọ maka mkpa ndị na-azụ ahihia nke Rainforest alliance Certified commodities: Sustainability Differential and Sustainability Investments. The Sustainability Differential bụ "ụgwọ ego ọzọ a na- ndị na-ahụ ihe n'elu egwu nkenke ahụ". Ịkwụ ụgwọ ihe ihe ihe ma ọ bụ mkpa maka otu esi eji ya. Sustainability Investments bụ "ego ma ọ bụ ụdị akụ ego site n'aka ndị na-azụmarị Rainforest Alliance Certified na ndị na-ahụ ihe maka mmepụta iche iche nke inyere ha aka ozi ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide".

Iji dozie ọdịiche dị na ngalaba koko, ego dị ala na-aga n'ihu, na ihe ịma aka ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eche ihu na ọnụahịa, Rainforest Alliance ga-ewebata ọdịiche dị ala na $ 70 kwa tọn maka mmemme koko ya, ka ọ na-erule Julaị 2022.[30]

Ojiji nke akara

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N'etiti afọ 2000, a katọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ ahụ maka ikwe ka o jiri akara ya mee ihe na-eche ndị nwere naanị opekata mpe 30 nke ngwaọrụ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọkọlọtọ dị ugbu a ụrọ 90 nke kaadị a, ma ọ bụ 100 ọnụ ọgụgụ a ntọala site usoro na nkwụsi ike a tọrọ. Ihe dị na iwu ahụ bụ ntụgharị, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta bụ 40 ruo na-achọ 2021 na iche 50 mgbe nke ahụ nri, na ego nkwụ, ebe ọnụ ụzọ kacha nta bụ Pasent 30. N'aka ọ nchekwa, a ike mgbanwe ndị nwere na ngwaọrụ nkwụ nke na-eru ihe kacha nta ma na- ihe ruru 90 iji ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ike a ngwaọrụ na akara ahụ.

Ikpe dara megide Rainforest Alliance

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Otu isiokwu dị na The Guardian kọrọ na ụlọ ọrụ U.S. Water and Sanitation Health (WASH) akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mkpe asụsụ obodo Rainforest Alliance na 2014, na-azọrọ na Rainforest alliance bụ ọrụ maka ọrụ na- ike ezi n'ihi na ọ akwụkwọ ndị na -eweta unere Chiquita dị ka ndị na-adịgide adịgide mgbe ha "na-emetọ mmirika na fatịlaịza na fungicides ma na-atụfu ọgwụ ụzọ n'ụzọ dị ize na ndụ nso n' akwụkwọ" ndụ na Guatemala, na-ebilite okwu ahụ na-eme ka Rainforest Union na-eme "na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme gburugburu ebe obibi" dị mfe. N'otu fim ahụ, Rainforest Alliance kpara ebubo WASH na- eziokwu, kwuru na ọ na-eje n'akwụkwọ ahụ ya ma jụ ebubo ikpe ahụ na njikọ ahụ na-ere Nkwado ya. Òtù na-ahụ uru Truth in Advertising kọwakwara na WASH na-ebo Rainforest Alliance akwụkwọ maka ebubo na ọ na-achọpụta etu ya na-eme ihe n'ụwa si bụrụ nke ọma n'ezie.

Osisi pineapple nke Costa Rica

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Akụkọ e mere na 2020 site na The Guardian kwuru na ụfọdụ ndị na-akụ osisi pineapple na Costa Rica nke atụmatụ ahụ kwadoro na-erigbu ndị ọrụ ha, na-eji ọgwụ agrochemicals iwu na-akwadoghị, ma na-ezo ọtụtụ narị ndị ọrụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ n'aka ndị na-enyocha akwụkwọ. Rainforest Alliance kwuru na a chọrọ ka ubi ya niile nwere asambodo kwekọọ na nyocha na nyocha siri ike; mana akụkọ ahụ hotara onye isi oche nke Fecon, otu gburugburu ebe obibi Costa Rican, na-ekwu na nyocha ahụ adịghị ike iji kpughee mmebi iwu.[31]

Ndị na-akụ unere na Latin America

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Mmepe na akara nke 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard akpụkpọ anụ n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ unere na ndị na-ebupụ ya na Latin America. Treatanya ahụ, nke ya na Rainforest Alliance na-arụkọ ọrụ ma na-ekerịta omume ya na adị na-adịgide adịgide, gbara ngwaọrụ na usoro nke Rainforest alliance aka n' akwụkwọ ozi akọwa nye ahụ na July 17, 2020. N ' akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, ndị otu unere si Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia na Guatemala ọnụ ka Rainforest Alliance siri usoro mmadụ na ibe ya na ọkọlọtọ ngwaọrụ ma ngwaọrụ ha, na- ndị na ọ bụ nnwere a tụlere.

Na Julaị 23, 2020, Rainforest Alliance za egosipụta site n'inwe ihe na ọtụtụ njikọ unere iji echiche ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ ahụ. Dị ka Juan José Pons, onye nhazi nke mpempe unere nke, kwuru: iwu ahụ "Ecuador chọrọ ịdọ dị ukwuu na-enye echiche nke anyị mere n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ma n'ihe gbasara mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. A naghị eji mmetụta ego anyị na-echere ikpeazụ, ọ dịghị nloghachi, n'ụzọ megide nke ahụ, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Europe na-etinye dị ala na nke dị ala. unere ihe mere ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ, isi ihe na-ahụ nke mpaghara ahụ, nke ọrịa COVID-19 na Black Sigatoka mere ka ọ ka njọ. of Ecuador, kwuru na njikọ unere dị mkpa "iji njikọ na [Rainforest Alliance] ma ọ bụ anyị ga-achọ ihe ndị ọzọ".

Maka ndị na-pu ihe na ndị na-ebu ihe ndị na-eme a, Floor Rainforest Alliance dị mkpa iji mee ka ọnụ ụzọ gaa n'ahịa European Union ghere oghe, ebe a na-eduzi ihe ụmụaka 65 nke unere ha. N'ịzaghachi ndị na-aga n'ihu nke njikọ unere, Rainforest Alliance haziri usoro gburugburu ruo na Disemba 2020 iji ebugharị ebugharị ahụ na ndị ndu si na ngalaba unere. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule n'ọnọvemba 2020, njikọ unere ike na- ekwetaghị na ọrụ nke ọkọlọtọ ọhụrụ ahụ, nke ga-etinye akwụkwọ ikike ahụ na ndị na-enweta unere. N'okwu a, njikọ unere gara n'ihu na ofufe ụka na Rainforest Alliance na ndị na-ere akara European Union iji dozie nsogbu ahụ. N'abụ iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnọ Nọvemba n'afọ 2020, ndị otu unere sere ndị na-ere aha Rainforest Alliance na ndị na-azụ ahihia European Union ka ha BIOS lụ ọhụrụ nke ọrụ maka ọrụ ha na-arụkọ ọrụ. ọrụ. Rainforest Alliance yiri na ahụ ma ndị na-ahụ ihe unere mechara ka ha na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwee ike.

Rainforest Alliance ga ndabere site na ozi ọzọ na Disemba 18, 2020, iji ihi ebumnuche ọhụrụ ahụ na ndị isi anya ngalaba unere. Ọ bụ ebe na Rainforest Alliance na-atụgharị na ọ tụlere nwanne nke ndị niile usoro amụma ahụ, ndị na-akụ unere, ndị isi anya otu unere ekiri afọ ojuju ha na-ahụ ahụ. ụzọ, ha chere na ụzọ e si hazie ahụ ma jikwaa ya enyeghị nhọrọ maka ịgba ụka dị mma. Ọzọkwa, dị ka njikọ unere si kwuo, kwuo ndị Rainforest Alliance nyere ka usoro a ga-eji tinye ọhụrụ ahụ n'ahụ doo anya, nke ka na-enwe enweghị oghere gburugburu mmewere echiche nke ibu ọrụ. A ga-etinye usoro ọrụ nke Rainforest Alliance na 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard n'akpa n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'etiti afọ 2021.

Hụkwa

dezie
  • Ọnọdụ ihu igwe, Community & Biodiversity Alliance
  • Azụmaahịa ziri ezi
  • Kọfị na-adịgide adịgide
  • Ụdị ọchịchị nke ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka

Ihe odide

dezie
  1. ↑ Contact Us. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Our Impacts. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "our impacts" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 About the Rainforest Alliance. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "about" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Rainforest Alliance Certificate. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 2019-10-02.
  5. ↑ "The Rainforest Alliance and UTZ to Merge, Forming New, Stronger Organization", Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 2018-01-17. (in en-US)
  6. ↑ 'Together Rainforest Alliance and UTZ will be a more powerful force for positive change' | Ethical Corporation (en-GB). www.ethicalcorp.com. Retrieved on 2018-01-17.
  7. ↑ Regions. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 2 September 2021.
  8. ↑ Martinko. "Rainforest Alliance Has a New Certification Standard", Treehugger, 31 March 2021. Retrieved on 2 September 2021.
  9. ↑ Timelines for Transitioning to the 2020 Certification Program. Rainforest Alliance (February 2021). Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 How Does the Rainforest Alliance Work with Preferred by Nature (formerly NEPCon)?. Rainforest Alliance (16 November 2020). Retrieved on 31 March 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "nepcon" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ Our Journey to More Sustainable Cattle Ranching. Rainforest Alliance (15 June 2020). Retrieved on 2 September 2021.
  12. ↑ Rainforest Alliance Sustainable Agriculture Standard: Introduction. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  13. ↑ Rainforest Alliance Sustainable Agriculture Standard. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  14. ↑ 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard: Farm Requirements. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  15. ↑ What's in Our 2020 Certification Program? Assess-and-Address. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  16. ↑ What's in Our 2020 Certification Program? Continuous Improvement. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  17. ↑ Balch. "Latin America: Brazilian coffee – A heady brew of higher standards", Ethical Corporation, 11 February 2008. Retrieved on 6 September 2021.
  18. ↑ Milder (December 2015). SAN/Rainforest Alliance Impacts Report 2015. Rainforest Alliance. Archived from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved on 2020-12-13.
  19. ↑ Rainforest Alliance Impacts Report 2018. Rainforest Alliance (March 9, 2018).
  20. ↑ RAINFOREST ALLIANCE LABELING & TRADEMARKS POLICY. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 7 September 2021.
  21. ↑ Liu, Pascal. (2009). Certification in the value chain for fresh fruits : the example of banana industry, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Trade Policy Service., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Trade and Markets Division., Rome: Trade Policy Service, Trade and Markets Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-106162-6. OCLC 316833229. 
  22. ↑ Sustainability Standards & Certifications | Fairtrade, Organic & Rainforest Alliance (en-GB). Banana Link. Retrieved on 2021-01-19.
  23. ↑ Mrinal Saha (February 2, 2005). Bean wars. Ethical Corporation.
  24. ↑ 2020 Certification Program (en-US). Rainforest Alliance for Business. Retrieved on 2021-01-19.
  25. ↑ Our Approach. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 7 September 2021.
  26. ↑ Integrated Landscape Management Program. Rainforest Alliance. Retrieved on 7 September 2021.
  27. ↑ Thriving Communities, Healthy Landscapes. Rainforest Alliance (2 April 2021). Retrieved on 7 September 2021.
  28. ↑ Certification on Cocoa Farms in Côte d'Ivoire. Rainforest Alliance (August 6, 2012). Retrieved on 2015-05-29.
  29. ↑ Jaffee (December 7, 2007). Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability and Survival. University of California Press. DOI:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2007.00159_2.x. ISBN 978-0-520-24959-2. 
  30. ↑ Cocoa: The Sustainability Differential. Rainforest Alliance (8 July 2020). Retrieved on 31 March 2021.
  31. ↑ Shah (29 May 2020). Rainforest Alliance certifying unethical pineapple farms, activists claim. The Guardian. Retrieved on 29 May 2020.

Njikọ mpụga

dezie
  • Rainforest Alliance - ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
  • Gịnị pụtara "Rainforest Alliance Certified"? - Magazin Mother Earth News

Templeeti:Forestry

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Njikọ_Oké_Ọhịa&oldid=118920