Nigerian English
Nigerian English, nke a makwaara dị ka Nigerian Standard English, bụ olumba nke Bekee a na-asụ na ala Naijiria.[1] Dabere na British English, olumba ahụ nwere okwu ndị a gbazitere na collocations dị iche iche site na asụsụ ala nke Naịjirịa, n'ihi mkpa ọ dị ikwupụta echiche ndị a kapịrị ọnụ maka ọdịbendị nke mba ahụ (dịka nwunye okenye).[2]
A na-ejikarị Pidgin Nigerian, pidgin sitere na Bekee, eme ihe na mkparịta ụka nkịtị, mana a na-eji Nigerian Standard English eme ihe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, agụmakwụkwọ, mgbasa ozi, na ojiji ndị ọzọ.
Asụsụ bekee ndị Naijiria bụ ụdị Bekee a mụrụ n'ala. Dị ka Bekee South Africa, nativization ya na mmepe ya dị ka Bekee Ụwa Ọhụrụ kwekọrọ n'oge colonization na post-colonization site Britain.[3] Asụsụ Bekee Naijiria ghọrọ asụsụ nke na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche n'ime ọdịbendị ya.[4]
Asụsụ bekee ndị Naijiria abụwo echiche na-ese okwu, n'ihi na echiche nke Asụsụ bekee Akwadoro " (SNE) siri ike iguzobe, na-atụle Fossilization nke mere na ntụziaka Bekee n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke Naijiria, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ihe dịgasị iche iche gụnyere "mgbochi, enweghị ụlọ ọrụ, na klas jupụtara na ya".[5][6] N'ihi njikọ dị n'etiti British kwadoro na bekee na Naijiria nke nwere usoro abụọ dị iche iche nke ụtọ asụsụ, ịkpọpụta, na iwu mkpụrụedemede, e nweela ihe omume kachasị nke "ihe atụ na-ezighị ezi" (echiche na n'ihi na otu akụkụ ụtọ asụsụ yiri nke ọzọ na-eji ya eme ihe, iwu ndị na-emetụta nke mbụ na-emetụtakwa nke ikpeazụ) n'ihe Okoro na-ezo aka dị ka ụdị "ndị na-adịghị mma" nke Bekee Naijiria.[6]
Otú ọ dị, ihe ole na ole jikọtara n'ofe obodo ndị dị na NE nke na-ejikọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị dị iche iche ọbụna n'ime NE, niile metụtara ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị nke a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na okwu Bekee. Ihe atụ abụọ a ma ama bụ "mwute" na "ọga".[4] Nkọwa nkịtị nke mgbaghara na-egosipụtakarị ụdị ọrụ ụfọdụ n'akụkụ onye na-ekwu ya; Otú ọ dị, maka ụdị niile nke NE, a na-eji ya egosipụta ọmịiko n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, ma ọ bụ igosi ọmịiko nye onye ọ bụla nwere ọdachi. "Sir," ma ọ bụ iji utu aha dochie aha, na-egosi nkwanye ùgwù na uru dị elu maka nkwanye ùgwù. Ịtinye "sir" na aha ọzọ (ya bụ. "Profesọ sir") na-egosi ọkwa dị elu karịa ka ọ dị, ma ọ bụ ihe atụ nke ịbụ onye nwere nkwanye ùgwù karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị.[4]
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbagha kpọmkwem ọkwa nke ojiji Bekee Naijiria, otu aro na-egosi na e nwere ọkwa 4 nke ojiji n'ime Bekee a (ma ọ bụghị nke ụmụ amaala):[6]
- Ọkwa 1: Pidgin, a na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ nkịtị
- Ọkwa 2: Nzọụkwụ n'elu, na nke a na-ekwukarị. Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ elementrị na-asụ[6]
- Ọkwa nke 3: A na-eji okwu sara mbara, nke na-aga nke ọma, na iji njirimara nke ndị ọkà okwu Ọkwa 1 "na-ezere," nke ndị nwere "agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị" na-ekwu.[6]
- Ọkwa 4: A na-atụ aro ya dị ka NSE n'ihi na atụmatụ ya yiri nnọọ (ma ka na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke Naijiria) "na Standard English," nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji na-asụ[6]
Ọnọdụ ndị a bụ naanị otu atụmatụ dị iche iche nke mmezu nke Bekee Naijiria. N'ihi ọdịdị nke ọnụnọ ya na Naịjirịa, Bekee abụwo ihe esemokwu n'etiti ndị bi na Naịjarịa na-agba mbọ maka ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ (ya bụ, ịlaghachi n'asụsụ ndị obodo nke mba ahụ).[7] Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọdịdị nke mmeghe Bekee na ọrụ ọ na-arụ n'ịrụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke ọchịchị na Naịjirịa na-achị, ụfọdụ ga-akpọ Bekee a na-apụghị ikewapụ iche na ọdịdị asụsụ na mpaghara ahụ.
Oxifodu nke nchoputa na-akọwa okwu mgbazinye dị ka "okwu a nakweere site na asụsụ mba ọzọ na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị mgbanwe". Bekee Naijiria nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere agbazitere nke na-enweghị ihe yiri ya na Bekee kpọmkwem, mana ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ime olumba ma nwee ihe pụrụ iche ọ pụtara.[8] Amala Ebunlola nyere ihe atụ ndị dị n'okpuru nke okwu ndị a ma ama na Naijiria (na-ehota ha):[8]
- agbada: ụdị uwe na-asọ asọ maka ụmụ nwoke, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị Yoruba: Oji Ogini yi agbada na emume agbamakwụkwọ.
- Nnukwu riga: ụdị uwe ogologo, nke na-adịghị mma maka ụmụ nwoke, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị Hausa: Ọ masịrị m n'ezie nnukwu riga gị.
- akara: ihe oriri, nke a na-akpọkwa achịcha
- Akumu pap: ụdị nri ọka: ụtụtụ a ka m riri akara na akumu.
- akpu, banga, eba, egusi, ogbono, buwo: (n'asụsụ Naijiria dị iche iche), dị ka: Oge ọ bụla m riri eba m nwere afọ iwe; Enwere m ike iri ụfọdụ buwo?Ọ ga-amasị ya iri ofe ogbono a gwakọtara ya na egusi.
- danfo, okada: otu ụzọ njem: ː Ị ga-eji danfo ma ọ bụ were okada.
- adakaji, oba: utu aha ndị isi, dị ka na: Adakaji nke Abụọ nọ n'oge okpueze nke oba nke Lagos.
Mkpụrụ ego, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị ka okwu ndị a gbazitere, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụdị mkparịta ụka nke a na-asụ n'asụsụ Bekee mana ọ nwere ihe ọdịbendị pụrụ iche. Ndị a na-amụba karịsịa na Bekee Naijiria.[9] E jiri ya tụnyere okwu ndị a gbazitere, mkpụrụ ego na-enwekarị oge ndụ dị mkpirikpi ma nabata ya maka ebumnuche ọdịbendị pụrụ iche nke oge a, ma n'ihi ya, na-anwụ ngwa ngwa mgbe ha nwetasịrị ha.[9]
- Ogologo ụkwụ (nke pụtara "nke ejikọrọ nke ọma")
- N'efu na nke ziri ezi
- Ịga nká
- Ịgafe kapet (nke ya na ịgafe ala na UK)
- Ebe a na-agaghị aga
- Nwoke nke osisi na calibre
- Akpa ego
- Juggernaut ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị / Heavyweight
- Nwunye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị (onye mmekọ ma ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ)
- Nkwekọrịta Concordia
- Ike ala (nwaanyị na-eji mmekọahụ ya dị ka ụtụ ahịa)
- ↑ Nigerian English. Encarta. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved on 17 July 2012.
- ↑ Adegbija, Efurosebina. (1989) "Lexico-semantic variation in Nigerian English", World Englishes, 8(2), 165–177.
- ↑ Lass, Roger. "Language in South Africa." Chapter 5: South African English, Cambridge University Press, 2002, print.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Adamo (February 2007). "Nigerian English". English Today 23: 42–47. DOI:10.1017/S0266078407001083. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ (2016) Convergence: English and Nigerian Languages: A Festschrift for Munzali A. Jibril. M & J Grand Orbit Communications. DOI:10.2307/j.ctvh8r1h7. ISBN 978-978-54127-0-3.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Okoro (Spring 2017). "Nigerian English Usage and the Tyranny of Faulty Analogy III: Pronunciation". California Linguistic Notes 41: 26–62. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":23" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Adamo (February 2007). "Nigerian English". English Today 23: 42–47. DOI:10.1017/S0266078407001083.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Adamo (February 2007). "Nigerian English". English Today 23: 42–47. DOI:10.1017/S0266078407001083.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Abdullahi-Idiagbon and Olaniyi (2011). "Coinages in Nigerian English: A Sociolinguistic Perspective". African Nebula 3: 78–85.