Nchekwa ọhịa na India

Nchekwa ọhịa bụ njikwa na nchedo nke oké ọhịa na mgbatị ọhịa nke ala na-adịghị mma na ala ndị a na-ebibi na ebumnuche nke inyere aka na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmepe ime obodo. Okwu ahụ bụ nke mbụ e ji mee ihe na 1976 site na National Commission on Agriculture, mgbe gọọmentị India bu n'uche ibelata nrụgide n'oké ọhịa site n'ịkụ osisi n'ala niile a na-ejighị eme ihe na ala ndị a na-adịghị eme ihe. E bu n'obi ya dị ka usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka nchekwa na ojiji nke oké ọhịa, na-eme ka ojiji ala dịkwuo ukwuu maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche.

Ọhịa ọha na eze dị nso na Mothugudem nke mpaghara Khammam na Andhra Pradesh, India

Nchekwa ọhịa na India

aspect in a geographic region

mba/obodo	Ndia

Gọọmenti India nwara ịgbasa mpaghara ọhịa nke dị nso na ebe obibi mmadụ na nke mebiri emebi n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ.  A kụrụ osisi n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ, osimiri na ọwa mmiri, n'ime obodo nkịtị, ala ndị ọchịchị, na ala panchayat, a ga-akụkwa ya na gburugburu ubi ugbo.  Otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị a bụ ịbawanye mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ime obodo yana igbochi mbuze ala.  Ihe omume a bụ ọdịda n'ihi enweghị ọchịchị, ma nyefee njikwa na panchayats nke obodo (ndị kansụl obodo).

Ihe achọrọ na mmepe

Ndị mmadụ chere na ọ dị mkpa maka atụmatụ ịkpa oke n'ihi na India nwere ndị bi n'ime ime obodo nke na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na fuelwood na biomass ndị ọzọ maka isi nri na okpomọkụ ha. Ihe ndị a chọrọ ga-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na-eyi egwu ibelata mpaghara ọhịa.

Ntinye aka

Atụmatụ ọrụ ọhịa ahụ chọrọ ime ka ndị nkịtị nwee ike ịzụlite osisi nke ga-egbo mkpa na-arịwanye elu maka osisi, nkụ, nri, wdg, ma si otú ahụ belata nrụgide na mpaghara ọhịa ọdịnala. Echiche a nke oké ọhịa ime obodo iji gboo mkpa nke ndị bi n'ime ime obodo adịla kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ gafee India. Site na iwebata atụmatụ a, gọọmentị nabatara ikike nke obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ maka ihe onwunwe ọhịa ma gbaa ume itinye aka n'ime obodo na njikwa onwunwa okike. Site na atụmatụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, gọọmentị etinyela aka na obodo, dị ka akụkụ nke ịkwaga n'ọhịa, na imezigharị ọhịa mebiri emebi na ala ndị a na-ahụkarị.

Bihar, otu n'ime steeti ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'India, enweghị ọrụ National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) n'oge oge idei mmiri, ọrụ a dịkwa mma maka ndị nwere ike. A na-atụ anya ijikọ atụmatụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na NREGA iji belata ịda ogbenye na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Iji hụ na nlekọta zuru oke maka osisi ndị ahụ, e nyere ndị lekọtara ha ruo afọ ise. N'ime afọ 3, oke ọhịa dị na mpaghara ahụ toro site na 7% ruo 12.86%, ma nye ọtụtụ puku ụmụ nwanyị, ndị nwere nkwarụ na ndị agadi ọrụ.

Mgbe ha na-achịkwa ọrụ ndị ahụ ruo afọ ise, gọọmentị nyere ikike na <i id="mwOA">panchayats</i> obodo (ndị kansụl obodo) iji jikwaa onwe ha ma mepụta ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ego dịka ha hụrụ.

Ihe Ndị E Mere

Atụmatụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọhịa nwere ebumnuche ndị bụ isi:

• Mee ka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma iji chebe ọrụ ugbo pụọ na ihe ọjọọ ihu igwe.
• Bụbawanye nkụ maka iji ụlọ, obere osisi maka ụlọ ime obodo, nri anụ ụlọ, na obere osisi maka mmepụta ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara.
• Mee ka ịma mma okike nke ala ahụ dịkwuo mma; mepụta ọhịa ntụrụndụ maka abamuru nke ndị bi n'ime ime obodo na ndị bi n"obodo ukwu.
• Nye ndị ọrụ na-enweghị nkà ọrụ,
• Mmetụta imezigharị ala, na
• Welie ọnọdụ ndụ na ogo ndụ nke ndị bi n'ime obodo na ndị bi n"obodo ukwu.

Ebumnuche nke atụmatụ a bụ: [citation needed]

• Iji mezuo usoro ihe omume na-adabere na mkpa na oge nke osisi na-ekwusi ike na mmepe nke osisi na nri anụ na ala / ọhịa niile mebiri emebi.
• Mmetụta nke osisi nke ala jhum a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ na ebe ndị a na-egwupụta ihe.
• Mepụta ahịhịa ahịhịhịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ọha, osimiri, iyi na ọwa mmiri.
• Mmetụta osisi na ala ndị a na-ejighị eme ihe n'okpuru steeti, ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ nke onwe.
• Mepụta belt na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'obodo ukwu / ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
• Mepụta ebe mgbaba (nke buru ibu karịa ikuku) maka ebumnuche nke ebe mgbaba pụọ na ifufe na anyanwụ na-ekpuchi ebe buru ibu karịa otu ugbo na usoro a haziri ahazi.
• Ịtọlite ọrụ ugbo n'ụdị ịzụlite ahịrị osisi n'ókè nke ubi na osisi n'otu n'otu na ala ọrụ ugbo onwe ya yana ịmepụta ikuku gburugburu ugbo ma ọ bụ ubi site n'ịzụlite otu ahịrị osisi ma ọ bụ abụọ.
• Zụlite osisi na obere osisi na-agbasa okooko osisi iji bụrụ ọhịa ntụrụndụ maka ndị bi n'obodo ukwu na ndị bi n"ime ime obodo.
• Kpaliri ndị mmadụ itinye aka, na-etinye ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-eto eto na nchekwa nke oké ọhịa, anụ ọhịa, na gburugburu ebe obibi.
• Mepụta mmata gburugburu ebe obibi ma kwalite ihe omume gburugburu ebe obibi

Ụdị

Enwere ike ịkewapụta atụmatụ ọhịa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ìgwè: ọrụ ugbo, ọrụ ọhịa obodo, ọrụ ọhịa na agroforestry.

Ọrụ ugbo

Na ugbo ọhịa ma ọ bụ agroforestry, a na-akụ osisi n'ala ugbo maka ebumnuche azụmahịa na nke na-abụghị azụmahịa. A na-agba ndị ọrụ ugbo ume ịkụ osisi n'ala ugbo ha iji gboo mkpa ụlọ ha. Omenala nke ịzụlite osisi n'ala ugbo adịlarị n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọ bụkwa isi ihe na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ọhịa nke India. Na mgbakwunye na ịnye nkụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akụkarị osisi iji nye ndò maka ihe ọkụkụ, dị ka ebe ikuku na-echebe, maka nchekwa ala ma ọ bụ iji weghachite ala tọgbọrọ n'efu.

Ụlọ ọrụ pulp na akwụkwọ bụ isi ihe na-achọ ụdị osisi ụfọdụ dịka Eucalyptus, Babul Acacia catechu, Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) na Casuarina equisetifolia. Dị ka atụmatụ siri ike, ngụkọta nke achọrọ maka osisi pulpwood bụ ihe dịka nde 10 nke ikuku kpọrọ nkụ (ADMT; osisi nwere 10% mmiri). The Indian Paper Manufacturer's Association bụ òtù nche anwụ nke na-ahazi ma na-akpali mbọ ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ na India iji nye ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ ya chọrọ.

Ọhịa Obodo

N'ọhịa obodo, gọọmentị na-enye ndị obodo osisi na fatịlaịza, bụ nke na-ahụ maka ịzụlite na ichekwa ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị n'ala obodo.  Nke a na-enye ndị obodo karịa ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu.  Eucalyptus na-eto ngwa ngwa ka a kụrụ n'ọtụtụ buru ibu.  Ụfọdụ obodo na-ejikwa ezi uche eme ihe n'ubi ndị a na n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide maka uru na-aga n'ihu, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ere osisi tozuru okè maka mbupụ ego otu oge.

Mgbasawanye ọhịa

Ịkụ osisi n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ, ọwa mmiri na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, yana ịkụ osisi n'ala ịkpa bụ nke a maara dị ka ịgbatị ọhịa, na-eme ka ókèala nke ọhịa dịkwuo ukwuu. Nke a emeela ka e nwee ọtụtụ osisi n'ala ndị obodo, ala gọọmentị, na ala panchayat.

Agroforestry

Na agroforestry, a na-ejikọta omume silvicultural na ihe ọkụkụ a kụrụ n'ubi dị ka mkpo, yana ịkọ ubi mkpụrụ osisi na ịzụ anụ ụlọ n'otu ala ahụ.  A kọwapụtara ya dị ka usoro iji ala na-adịgide adịgide nke na-edobe ma ọ bụ na-abawanye mkpokọta ihe ọkụkụ site na ijikọta ihe ọkụkụ na osisi ọhịa na anụ ụlọ n'otu akụkụ nke ala ahụ, na-eji usoro nlekọta nke na-atụle àgwà mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala nke ndị obodo.  ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ.

Ndị mmekọ

Ndị isi na-abụghị gọọmentị na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmejuputa atụmatụ ọhịa bụ:

• Sri Soneswar Nath Mahadev Trust
• Gbalịa
• National Green Highway Mission (NGHM)
• Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe Ọhịa nke Bihar Limited

Hụkwa

• Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Nnyocha na Mmụta Ọhịa nke India
• Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)
• Panchayati Raj
• Njikọ Nlekọta Ọhịa
• Ịkpa Ọhịa
• Mgbukpọ osisi
• Ịrụghachi Ọhịa
• Ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide
• Usoro ihe omume gburugburu ebe obibi
• Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Ogige Sayensị Ọhịa
• Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọhịa na India

Edensibia

• Sanmat. planting. equatorinitiative.org.
• highway mission. Plantation across highways. NGHM.
• MNREGA. Social forestry. RDD,Govt of Bihar. IEC Govt of Bihar. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved on 2018-11-13.
• SDG. sustainable development goals. United Nations. UN.
• Social Forestry in Bihar. Social Forestry. Rural development department,Govt of Bihar. Govt of Bihar. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved on 2022-02-19.
• Social forestry. MNREGA in Bihar. Government of Bihar. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved on 13 November 2018.

Njikọ mpụga

• Ntanetị Ọhịa nke ASEAN
• [1] [njikọ nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide]
• [2]
• [3]
• [4]
• mmekọrịta maka SDG
• Sanmat
• Gbalịa
• [5]