Wikipedia

Nchịkọta nri

Nri nri bụ okwu ọgbara ọhụrụ maka omume ijikọ osisi ndị a na-eri nri na mbara ala ịchọ mma. A na-akpọkwa ya dị ka nhazi ala a na-eri ma kọwaa ya dị ka ihe na-agafe n'etiti nhazi ala na ọrụ ugbo.[1]. Dị ka echiche, nri nri na-achọ igosi na osisi ndị a na-eri nri abụghị naanị ihe oriri kamakwa enwere ike inwe ekele maka àgwà ha mara mma. A na-ahụ oghere ebe nri nri dị ka ala nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na-adọrọ adọrọ ma na-enye nloghachi oriri.[2] Nri nri bụ ụzọ dị mma isi nye nri ọhụrụ n'ụzọ dị ọnụ ala.. [1]

Ala a na-eri eri na Pixie Hollow Garden, Epcot, Walt Disney World na Florida na-egosi ihe ịchọ mma akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na purple kale na chard dị iche iche

Ọ dị iche na ịkọ ubi inine a na-ahụkarị, ebe a na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri n'ebe dị iche iche, ebe a kpọchiri akpọchi, nri nri na-agụnye osisi oriri dị ka ihe bụ isi nke oghere nhazi ala dị adịbu.[1] Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye ịgbakwụnye ihe ọkụkụ a na-eri nri n'ubi ịchọ mma dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ were ụdị na-amịpụta nri dochie kpamkpam osisi ọdịnala, nke anaghị eri nri.[2] Nhazi ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye ụdị akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche, osisi mkpụrụ osisi, bushes berry, okooko osisi oriri, na mkpuru osisi, yana ụdị ịchọ mma naanị.[3] Atụmatụ nhazi nke nhazi ihe oriri nwere ọtụtụ uru, gụnyere ịba ụba nchekwa nri, ịkwalite uto nke nri na-edozi ahụ na ịkwalite ibi ndụ na-adịgide adịgide.[2] Enwere ike itinye usoro nhazi ala oriri n'ime ụlọ ọha na nke onwe.[3] Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, otu obodo, azụmahịa, ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ nwere ike ime nhazi nri[2]

Ogige akwụkwọ nri nke Renaissance na Château de Villandry, France, na-egosipụta ahịrị cabbage, karọt, na leeks n'etiti okooko osisi ndị mara mma iji mepụta ala mara mma ma chọọ mma.

A na-ekwenye na omume nke isi nri enwetawo ewu ewu na narị afọ nke 21 n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya. Akụkọ ụfọdụ na-ekwu na ịrị elu nke ịcha nri bụ n'ihi ngbanwe nke ọnụ ahịa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na nsogbu ego nke 2007–2008.[1] Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-atụ aro na mmụba na-ewu ewu na-eri nri na-ejikọta na ime obodo na ịbawanye nchegbu maka nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi..[3]

Mmalite ya

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Nchịkọta

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Ogige cabbage na-acha ọcha na-agwakọta na okooko osisi odo na oroma

A maghị onye mbụ chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ foodcaping. Okwu na echiche nke nri na-eri nri anọwo na-aga n'ihu kemgbe ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20, ma ọ bụ naanị na narị afọ nke 21. N'agbanyeghị ọgbara ọhụrụ nke okwu nri, atụmatụ nke ijikọta osisi ndị a na-eri eri n'ime oghere ala abụghị echiche ọhụrụ. Omume ndị yiri nke a malitere n'oge ochie na oge ochie. Foodscaping dị ka echiche nke oge a na-egosi "ụzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ewere ụzọ ọgbọ ndị gara aga si eji ala".[4] N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ omume ubi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nri na-akwado n'ụzọ doro anya echiche ahụ na ala ndị a na-eri eri nwere ike ịbụ ihe mara mma dị ka ala ndị na-achọ mma.[5] Ndị na-akwado nri na-anwa imebi echiche a na-ahụkarị banyere ubi akwụkwọ nri dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma ma kama lee Ihe ọkụkụ a na-eri eri dị ka ihe ndị e mere n'onwe ha. A na-ekwere mgbe ụfọdụ na echiche a sitere na ụzọ nnwale na-arịwanye elu maka ịkọ ubi na ịma mma n'oge a.[6]

Ihe ndị mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nri

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A pụrụ ịhụ usoro ịchọ mma a na-eri eri nke a na-eme n'ọdịbendị na oge dị iche iche dị ka ndị nna nna nke ịchọ mma nri. Na Rom oge ochie, Ogige ndị Rom na-arụpụta ihe na ihe ịchọ mma, ọ bụ ezie na mmepụta ugbo bụ ebumnuche bụ isi nke ogige ndị mbụ. Nnyocha ndị e gwupụtara n'ala na-egosi na Ogige ndị Rom a nwere ụdị dị iche iche dị ka nnukwu Ubi vaịn ma ọ bụ obere ogige ahịhịa. Ubi kichin, ubi vaịn, na ubi mkpụrụ osisi rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ ndị Rom oge ochie, ndị nri ha dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.[7]

N'omenala Mesoamerica, ogige ntụrụndụ na ogige ntụ bụ ihe na-atọ ndị Aztec ụtọ. E kwenyere na osisi ndị na-agbawa okooko osisi, ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ na ndị na-egbu egbu bụ "ihe ndị nwe ala na-achọ". Dabere na akwụkwọ ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Aztec a ma ama dere, ogige ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na-agụnyekarị okooko osisi na-egbuke egbuke, Osisi mkpụrụ osisi, ahịhịa, na okooko osisi ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ. A na-etinye osisi, ubi mkpụrụ osisi, na ubi mmiri mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ nke ubi ndị ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịchọta ihe ọzọ na-eme n'oge ochie maka nri na Mesopotemia. Ndị Babilọn na Ndị Asiria mepụtara ogige n'obodo niile na n'ogige obí eze nke na-anọchite anya Paradaịs. Ndị a gosipụtara osisi na-esi ísì ụtọ na mkpụrụ osisi a na-eri eri. Ihe akaebe nke ihe mgbe ochie na-egosi na, n'ihe dị ka 1000 BCE, ndị eze Asiria mepụtara ụdị ọdịdị ala nke mmiri na-agafe n'ogige ndị na-akụ osisi ndị dị ka junipers, almonds, dates, rosewood, quince, fir pomegranate, na oak.

N'oge Renaissance, ogige Villa na Chateau na Europe na-amị mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri iji ree n'ógbè ahụ. A na-eji uru ahụ akwado mmezi nke villa ma ọ bụ chateau. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị na-ejikọta n'ime atụmatụ ubi Renaissance gụnyere fig, pears, apụl, strawberries, cabbage, leeks, onions, na peas.

Ekwenyere na ndị ọrụ obodo mepụtara ogige ndị England n'oge Elizabethan dị ka isi iyi nke akwụkwọ nri. A kụkwara Okooko osisi n'ime ogige ndị a maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma.[8]

Ihe ndị na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya

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Uto nke Obodo

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Uto nke ndị bi n'obodo ukwu n'ime afọ 500 gara aga

N'ihi mmepe obodo ngwa ngwa a hụrụ n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro mmepụta nri enweela mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama.[2] Dị ka United Nations si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ Ndị bi n'obodo ukwu nke ụwa "etoola ngwa ngwa site na nde 746 na 1950 ruo ijeri 3.9 na 2014".[9]  Ọganihu ndị a na-eme ngwa ngwa na mmepe obodo na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'oge ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20 na nke 21 etinyela nrụgide na nnweta ala ugbo ma nye aka n'ịbawanye enweghị nri.[2] N'ihi ya, enwere ọchịchọ dị ukwuu iweghachi uto nri n'ime Obodo ukwu. Mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, yana ebumnuche mba ụwa iji belata agụụ na nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ, emeela ka ọchịchọ maka ihe oriri na-edochi ahụ.[10]Ekwenyere na ihe ndị a emeela ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-eji usoro nri eme ihe mụbaa.[6]

Nkwado

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Nchebe nri

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A nabatara nhazi nri n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ụzọ isi abawanye nchekwa nri, nnweta na nnweta.[1] Enweghi ike nke ọnụ ahịa nri ụlọ ahịa nwere ike imetụta nnweta nri. Dị ka "usoro nri zuru oke nke onwe", ala ndị a na-eri nri nwere ike inye aka belata ndabere ezinụlọ na nri ebubata. Ịchịkọta nri na-enye ezinụlọ ndị a ohere ịnweta ebe nri na-adigide, ọbụlagodi mgbe ha nwere ọnọdụ ndị a na-atụghị anya ya dị ka enweghị ike ị nweta nri n'ụlọ ahịa azụmahịa ma ọ bụ oge ego ego dị ala.[2]

Dabere na nha na oke nke ebe ahụ, enwere ike ịnwe nnukwu ego na-etinye aka na nhazi mbụ na ịmepụta ala a na-eri eri.[11] Otú ọ dị, a ka na-anabata n'ozuzu na nri nwere ike inye aka belata ọnụahịa nri ozugbo e wepụtara ngwaahịa nke osisi ndị a na-eri eri.[5]

N'ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị a na-akụ n'ógbè ahụ na ihe ndị a riri, nri na-akwalite Nkwado nri n'ózuzu.[12] Ekwenyekwara na nri nwere ike inye aka dozie mkpa maka nri n'ime nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka oke mmadụ, ihu igwe a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta na mbelata nke ihe onwunwe ike.[13]

Nchịkwa ike na ihe mkpofu

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Ụlọ ọrụ ugbo buru ibu na-achọkarị ike dị ukwuu, dị ka iji diesel, propane, na ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ ugbo.[1] Omume nhazi nhazi ala na-eri nri na-ejikarị obere ume ma na-emepụta obere ihe mkpofu karịa usoro omenala nke mmepụta nri. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ngwaahịa nri ndị a na-akọ site na nhazi nhazi nri na-agụnye obere nhazi, nkwakọ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ refrigeration..[2]

Nchịkọta nri nwekwara ike inye aka belata kilomita nri site n'ibelata mkpa maka njem nri dị anya.[12] "Ụlọ ahịa nri nwere nkezi 1,500 kilomita kwa ngwaahịa", ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo na onye na-akwado nri Brie Arthur na-ekwu. Mmiri ndị a na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri na gwongworo na-ahapụ akara carbon na-emerụ ahụ nke a ga-ebelata site n'ịzụlite osisi ndị a na'eri n'ụlọ kama ịzụta ihe ọhụrụ.[14] Nchịkọta nri nwere ike ikwe ka ndị sonyere nyere aka belata ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ na fatịlaịza sitere na mmanụ ala nke na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.[2]

Ahụike na nri na-edozi ahụ

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Ihe na-akpalikarị nri bụ ọchịchọ ịzụlite, isi nri na iri nri na-edozi ahụ.[15] Na nyocha nyocha nke afọ 2014 nke ụlọ ọrụ Australian Institute mere, 71% nke ezinụlọ ndị na-eme nri na Australia na-etinye ihe oriri n'ime ogige ha maka ebumnuche bụ isi nke ịnweta ihe ọhụrụ, nke dị mma. [16] A na-anabata n'ozuzu na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri a zụlitere n'ụlọ dị ọhụrụ ma na-edozi ahụ karịa ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'ụlọ ahịa, nke a na-ere mgbe ụfọdụ ọtụtụ ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ọbụna izu mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị.[17]

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, enwere nchegbu na-arịwanye elu maka mmetụta ahụike nke kemịkal na ihe nchedo na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri a na-akụ n'ahịa.[17] A na-ewere nri dị ka ụzọ isi belata ikpughe ihe ndị a gbanwere site na kemịkal.[18]

Ịcha ala a na-eri eri na-enye ndị sonyere ohere ịbawanye mmepụta nri ọhụrụ n'obodo ukwu. N'ebe ndị a, ụdị nri ndị a na-enweta kachasị mfe bụ ụdị a na-edozi, nke nwere ike iduga na iri shuga, sodium na abụba.[2] Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ agụmakwụkwọ ekwuola na njikọ siri ike dị n'etiti ịkọ Ubi n'obodo ukwu na nhọrọ ndụ dị mma. A na-ekwere na omume ubi na-emetụta nri na-eme ka ndị na-ekere òkè na-eri mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri na uru nke ịkwadebe nri na-edozi ahụ.

Nnyocha egosila na okike nke oghere ahịhịa ndụ (nke e mepụtara site na usoro ndị dị ka nri) nwere ike iduga n'ịbawanye ahụike uche mmadụ n'ozuzu ya na mgbakwunye na uru ahụike ahụike. A na-enweta nke a site na mmetụta dị mma ya na ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka njikọ obodo, mbelata mpụ, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze.[19]

Nlekọta

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Ihe a na-etinye

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Dabere na oke ala a na-eri eri, nri nwere ike ịchọ oge na ọrụ aka iji lekọta karịa ubi ma ọ bụ ala nkịtị. Nke a bụ dịka ebumnuche nke nri bụ iji nweta nloghachi a na-eri eri ma na-anọgide na-atọ ụtọ, nke nwere ike ịgụnye ịba mmiri, Imeju, Nchịkwa ahụhụ na ịkpụchasị.[5][6] Enweghị oge na ọnọdụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị dị ka ihu igwe na onyinyo na-ezughị ezu nwere ike ịbụ ihe mgbochi dị ukwuu maka ndị chọrọ ịmepụta ala a na-eri eri.[11] Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ibelata ihe ndị a chọrọ maka mmezi site n'ịhọrọ ụdị osisi ndị dabara na ọnọdụ ala, ihu igwe na ọnọdụ nke mpaghara ahụ ka a na-eri nri.[5]

Owuwe ihe ubi

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N'ime oge ụfọdụ n'ime afọ, ileba anya mgbe niile ka mmepụta nri sichara bụ ihe a chọrọ iji nweta nri na-aga nke ọma.[1] Ọ bụrụ na egbuteghị mkpụrụ osisi n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, ha nwere ike ire ere wee bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma n'anya n'ime ala nri. Nke a nwekwara ike ịdọta pests ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na-achọghị.[5]

Osisi

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Chives na-agbasa okooko na-eme mgbakwunye mara mma na ala a na-eri eri.
 
Ahịrị nke Swiss chard na Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A na-ejikarị chard Switzerland eme ihe na nri maka ụcha ya na-egbuke egbuke.

A na-ahọrọkarị osisi ndị dị n'ụdị nri maka ịma mma na ihe oriri ha.[15] E nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri nke nwere ike itinye ụcha na oghere nri. Ụdị chard, cabbage na lettuce na-abịa n'ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ a ma ama maka nri.[12] A pụkwara iji okooko osisi ndị a na-eri eri, dị ka Carnations, marigolds, cornflowers na pansies mee ihe iji gbakwunye ihe ịchọ mma na ìhè na ala a na- eri.[20]

Onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'ogige Charlie Nardozzi na-atụ aro na osisi lemon, apụl, plum na osisi cherry nwere ike ịbụ ihe oriri maka osisi ịchọ mma. Ọ na-atụkwa aro na osisi blueberry, Elderberry na gooseberry nwere ike dochie osisi ndị a ma ama na-achọ mma dị ka roses, hydrangeas na privet hedges. A tụkwara aro Alpine strawberries na chives dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na-anọchi anya osisi ndị na-adịghị eri eri.[21]

Ala ndị a na-eri eri na-ejikarị ngwakọta nke osisi ndị na-eto eto na ndị na-adịgide adịgide.[12] Mgbe ị na-eme atụmatụ ala a na-eri eri, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na osisi ụfọdụ chọrọ ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ụfọdụ.[5] Otu onye kwesịkwara ịtụle oge nke osisi ndị a na-eri eri a na-eji eme ihe, nke pụtara oge nke afọ nke otu ụdị ga-eto nke ọma. Ihe ọkụkụ n'oge oyi chọrọ okpomọkụ dị ala maka uto na ntolite mkpụrụ, ebe ihe ọkụkụ oge okpomọkụ bụ osisi na-eto eto na okpomọkụ ala na ikuku dị elu.[22] N'ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, osisi ndị kachasị mma na-ahapụ nri bụ ndị chọrọ obere mmiri, dị ka agwa, spinach na broccoli. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi na rhubarb dabara adaba maka ihu igwe dị jụụ, akwụkwọ nri mgbọrọgwụ, cabbages na peas bụ ihe atụ nke osisi ndị na-anagide nke ọma n'ọnọdụ oyi dị egwu.[23]

Ihe atụ nke osisi eji eme nri [24][25]
Ezinụlọ Osisi Ihe Nlereanya
Amaranthaceae Chard • spinach • quinoa • beetroot • glasswortugegbe
Apiaceae Carrots • celery • cilantro/coriander • cumin • fennel • parsley • parsnip" id="mwAVI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Parsnip">parsnips • anise • chervil • Dil • anise / parsnip • Caraway
Asteraceae ala-linkid="261" href="./Artichoke" id="mwAV0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Artichoke">Artichokes • chamomile • cardoons • tarragon • lettuce • endive • dandelions • chicoory • calendula • golden rod • chrysanthemum • cornflower • echinacea • elecampane • feverfew • mouse ear • Mugwort • stevia • pansy • bellis perennis • blessed thistle • groundsel
Mkpụrụ osisi Brassica Broccoli • kale • cabbage • cauliflower • Brussels sprouts • mustard • collardokpu olu
Ericaceae Blueberries • huckleberries • rhododendron • Azaleas
Lamiaceae Onye maara ihe • ose" id="mwAYs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rosemary">rosemary • thyme • Oregon • basil • catnip • lavender • marjoram • white horehound • peppermint • spearmintmma ogbunigwe
Mkpụrụ osisi Lilia lily" data-linkid="317" href="./Garlic" id="mwAZk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Garlic">Garlic • asparagus • chives • chalots • onions • leeks • Tulips • fritillaria • lilies
Mkpụrụ osisi Rosa Strawberries • cherries • raspberries • blackberries • pears • plums • peaches • apricot • quinces • almond
Mkpụrụ osisi Solanaceae tomato" id="mwAbU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tomato">Tomato • tomato • capsicum/bell peppers • poteto • eggplant • chili peppersose chili
  •  
    Beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
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    Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
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    Mkpụrụ vaịn tomato (<i id="mwAdM">Solanum lycopersicum</i>)
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    Osisi chili (Capsicum annuum)
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    Rosemary na-agbasa okooko osisi (<i id="mwAeM">Salvia rosmarinus</i>)
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    Plum (Prunus domestica)
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    Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
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    Calendula flower (Calendula officinalis)
  •  
    Okooko osisi Marigold (Tagetes erecta)
  •  
    Okooko osisi Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
  •  
    Cornflower (Centaurus cyanus)
  •  
    Okooko osisi Pansy (<i id="mwAhs">Viola tricolor var. hortensis</i>)


Ihe atụ nke nri

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Ndị mmadụ

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A na-akpọkarị onye na-emepụta ala na onye edemede Rosalind Creasy "onye na-ebute ụzọ n'ọhịa ndị a na-eri eri" na mgbasa ozi na mbipụta metụtara ubi.[26] Kemgbe afọ 1970, o dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri abụọ n'isiokwu nke imepụta ala a na-eri eri.[14] Otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị emetụta n'ọhịa nri bụ akwụkwọ ya The Complete Book of Edible Landscaping, nke e bipụtara na 1982.

Brie Arthur bụ onye America ọkachamara n'ịkọ ugbo nke a maara dị ka onye na-akwado ọha na eze maka omume nke nri ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ.[14] Iji mee ka echiche ahụ bụrụ na ihe ịchọ mma enweghị ike itinye osisi ndị a na-eri eri, ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme telivishọn, ma na-etinye aka na njikọ dị iche iche metụtara ọrụ ugbo.[27] E bipụtara akwụkwọ izizi ya nke akpọrọ The Foodscape Revolution, Finding a Better Way to Make Space for Food and Beauty in Your Garden na 2017.

Ọrụ ọha na eze

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Nlegharị anya dị elu nke isii n'ime ahịhịa akwụkwọ nri itoolu dị na Chateau nke Villandry's Ornamental Kitchen Garden

Ogige kichin mara mma bụ ebe a na-eri nri na ala chateau nke Villandry, nke dị na mpaghara Loire Valley nke France. Ogige ụdị Renaissance nke Ịtali nwere patches itoolu, nke ọ bụla nwere atụmatụ geometric nke okooko osisi na akwụkwọ nri nke nhazi ha na-agbanwe na ihe ọkụkụ ọ bụla n'afọ abụọ. A na-eji oghere igbe dị mma kpuchie patches ndị a na akwụkwọ nri nke ọ bụla nwere agba dị iche iche dị ka kabeeji uhie, beetroot na leek na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Kwa afọ, a na-akụ ụdị akwụkwọ nri iri anọ n'ime ezinụlọ asatọ.[28]

Dabere na Iowa, Backyard Abundance bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke e guzobere na 2006 nke na-ezube ịkụziri ndị ọzọ banyere ịma mma ala a na-eri eri. Ha na-agba ndị bi n'obodo ume ka ha sonye n'ịmepụta ọdịdị ala na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ike inyere aka belata Mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Tọrọ ntọala na Kansas, 2006, Edible Estates bụ atụmatụ nri nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nka mpaghara na ìgwè ubi obodo dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa iji mepụta atụmatụ ala na-eri nri.[29]

Edible Landscapes London bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-emepụta oghere ubi ọhịa na-arụpụta ihe nke na-ejikọta osisi na ahịhịa na-amị mkpụrụ. Ha mepụtara usoro izizi a kwadoro nke na-azụ ndị mmadụ n'omume ubi ọhịa. Dị ka Lindsay Oberst si kwuo n'otu edemede na Food Revolution Network, Edible Estates "na-agba mbọ ịkpali ndị ọzọ ile anya na oghere ahịhịa ndụ a na-ejighị eme ihe ma ọ bụ nke a na-ezighi ezi n'ìhè ọhụrụ, na-eme ka ọnọdụ ọhụrụ maka mmepụta nri na njikọ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi pụta ìhè".[29]

NYU's Urban Farm Lab bụ ọrụ ọrụ ugbo na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ime obodo na-akwalite njikọta nke ihe ọkụkụ a na-eri eri n'ime ime obodo. Ha etinyela usoro nri n'ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu ogige mahadum ahụ.[30]

The Eden Project bụ ọrụ nkwado na Cornwall, England, nke na-adọta ihe karịrị otu nde ndị nleta kwa afọ.[13] Ebe dị hekta iri na ise nwere nnukwu ụlọ elu na ogige nri, ebe etinyela ihe oriri na-eri eri n'ime imewe ala.[13]

Ọhịa Nri bụ ihe onwunwe dị na Adelaide, Australia, nke na-eto ụdị mkpụrụ osisi 160, mkpụrụ osisi, ọka wit, na akwụkwọ nri na hekta 15 nke ala. Ndị nwe ya na-akụziri ndị ọbịa otú ezinụlọ ndị nkịtị si akụ nri nke ha n'ụlọ site n'ịmepụta nri na-amị mkpụrụ.[13]

Binder Groenprojecten mepụtara "ogige elu ụlọ" mbụ nke Netherlands n'elu nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ dị nso na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Rotterdam na 2012. A na-eji "ubi elu ụlọ" 1000m2 na-akụ akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, na ahịhịa, ma na-enwekwa aṅụ.[31]

Wayward bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ịma mma, nka na ihe owuwu nke dị na London nke na-ejikọta nri na-eto eto na nka na ihe ndị e wuru n'oge a.[29]

Hụkwa

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Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Silvasy. "Edible Landscaping Using the Nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping Principles". 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Karaca, Elif. "Edible Landscapes as a Solution to Food Security Problem". Theory and Practice in Social Sciences, edited by Viliyan Krystev, et al., St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2019, pp. 227–36.
  3. ↑ Waterford, Douglas. 21st Century Homestead: Urban Agriculture. Lulu, 2015.
  4. ↑ Arthur, Brie. "Foodscaping: revolution or evolution?". Acta Horticulturae, 1212, 2018, pp. 279–84, admin.ipps.org/uploads/3B-Arthur-Brie-Foodscape.pdf. Accessed 28 March 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Brown, Sydney P. "Edible Landscaping". The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2016, edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf. Accessed 12 April 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  7. ↑ Jashemski, Wilhelmina F., et al., editors. Gardens of the Roman Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2017, doi: doi.org/10.1017/9781139033022. Accessed 18 March 2020.
  8. ↑ Scott-James, Anne. The Cottage Garden. Allen Lane, 1981.
  9. ↑ "World's population increasingly urban with more than half living in urban areas". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 10 July 2014, www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/world-urbanization-prospects-2014.html. Accessed 13 April 2020.
  10. ↑ Myers, Melvin L. "Agriculture and Natural Resources Based Industries". Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, edited by Jeanne M. Stellman, vol. 3, International Labour Office, 1988.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Conway, Tenley M. "Home-based Edible Gardening: Urban Residents' Motivations and Barriers". Cities and the Environment, vol. 9, no. 1, 2016, article 3, pp. 1–21. Digital Commons, digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol9/iss1/3/. Accessed 4 April 2020.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Arthur, Brie. The Foodscape Revolution: Finding a Better Way to Make Space for Food and Beauty in Your Garden. Pennsylvania, St. Lynn’s Press, 2017.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Tovey, Nina. "Grow food not lawns with the fertile world of foodscaping". Endeavour College of Natural Health, 10 November 2014, www.endeavour.edu.au/about-us/blog/grow-food-not-lawns-with-the-fertile-world-of-foodscaping/. Accessed 16 April 2020.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Gardening: Foodscapes -- where beauty co-exists with bounty (en). Richmond Times-Dispatch (2018-03-10). Retrieved on 2024-03-14. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":11" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Eastman, Janet. "Change out plants for ones you can eat: 'Foodscaping' edible landscape". The Oregonian/Oregon Live, 31 July 2015, www.oregonlive.com/hg/2015/07/edible_landscape_charlie_nardo.html. Accessed 16 Apr.
  16. ↑ Wise, Poppy. "Grow Your Own: The potential value and impacts of residential and community food gardening". The Australian Institute, 31 March 2014, www.tai.org.au/content/grow-your-own. Accessed 13 April 2020.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Spellman, Frank R., & Joan Price-Bayer. Regulating Food Additives: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.
  18. ↑ Dolce, Anne. "What is Foodscaping?" The Daily Meal, 5 June 2013, www.thedailymeal.com/foodscaping-fancy-word-gardening-or-important-initiative. Accessed 13 April 2020.
  19. ↑ Hall (2019-12-01). "An Update of the Literature Supporting the Well-Being Benefits of Plants: Part 3 - Social Benefits". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 37 (4): 136–142. DOI:10.24266/0738-2898-37.4.136. ISSN 0738-2898. 
  20. ↑ Foodscaping: A "New" Way To Create A Garden (en-CA). Garden Culture Magazine (2019-01-12). Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  21. ↑ Nardozzi, Charlie. Foodscaping: Practical and Innovative Ways to Create an Edible Landscape. Massachusetts, Cool Springs Press, 2015.
  22. ↑ “Cool” vegetables for you to grow this spring (en-us). MSU Extension (2015-03-20). Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  23. ↑ 5 reasons to try foodscaping your lawn (en). SaveOnEnergy.com. Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  24. ↑ Rousseau (2016-10-17). Grouping Vegetables According to Plant Families | Louis Bonduelle... (en). Fondation Louis Bonduelle. Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  25. ↑ Plants Portal | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  26. ↑ Long, Jim. "The Pioneer of Edible Landscapes". Mother Earth Gardener, 2012, www.motherearthgardener.com/profiles/people/edible-landscapes-zmaz12uzfol. Accessed 13 April 2020.
  27. ↑ Drotleff, Laura. "Foodscaping Challenges Conventional Ideas About Landscaping". Greenhouse Grower, 9 December 2015, www.greenhousegrower.com/management/foodscaping-challenges-conventional-ideas-about-landscaping/. Accessed 16 April 2020.
  28. ↑ Explore the château and gardens of Villandry (en-US) (2022-02-01). Retrieved on 2024-03-14.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Oberst (2018-09-12). Edible Landscapes: 15 Organizations Around the World That Are Helping Turn Green Spaces and Yards into Places for Healthy, Fresh Food (en-US). Food Revolution Network. Retrieved on 2024-03-14. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":14" defined multiple times with different content
  30. ↑ Kirschner, Kylie. "Edible Landscapes in a Concrete Jungle". Washington Square News, 24 Mar 2019, nyunews.com/culture/dining/2019/03/25/nyu-urban-landscaping-efforts/. Accessed 16 March 2020.
  31. ↑ Sjauw En Wa, Amar. "Roof fields, Schieblok Rotterdam". Urban Green-Blue Grids, www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/roof-fields-schieblok-rotterdam/. Accessed 5 May 2020.
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