Muhammad Sadiq (onye na-ese foto)
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Ottoman Empire |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1822, 1832 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Egypt |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 1902 |
| Asụsụ obodo | Egyptian Arabic |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Arabic, Egyptian Arabic |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | ndị agha, osee foto, surveyor, injinia, odee akwụkwọ |
| onye were ọrụ | Egyptian Army |
| Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta | National Museum van Wereldculturen |
| ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike | copyrights on works have expired |
Muhammad Sadiq Bey [notes 1] (1822 ma ọ bụ 1832 – 1902 [notes 2] ) bụ onye injinia ndị agha Ijipt na onye nyocha nke Ottoman jere ozi dịka onye nchekwa ego nke njem njem Hajj . Dị ka onye na-ese foto na onye edemede, o depụtara ebe nsọ nke Islam na Mecca na Medina, na-ese foto mbụ na ebe bụ Saudi Arabia ugbu a.
Ndụ na ọrụ
dezie
Amụrụ na Cairo, Sadiq gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji ndị agha Cairo na na Paris École Polytechnique. [1] O tozuru oke dị ka onye ọchịagha n'ime ndị agha Ijipt [2] wee laghachi na kọleji ndị agha iji kuzie eserese eserese . [1]
Na 1861, e kenyere ya ka ọ gaa na mpaghara Arabia site na Medina ruo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Al Wajh wee mee nyocha zuru ezu. O were obere ìgwè na ụfọdụ ngwá ọrụ nyocha yana igwefoto nke ya; foto abụghị akụkụ nke ọrụ gọọmentị. [2] Ihe ndekọ ya banyere njem ahụ bụ akụkọ izizi ama ama gbasara ihu igwe na ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ. [1] Foto ya nke Medina bụ nke mbụ e sere ebe ahụ. N'afọ 1880, e kenyere ya ka ọ soro ndị njem njem Hajj si Egypt gaa Mecca dịka onye na-echekwa ego. Ọ bụ ya mere ụzọ nchekwa nke mahmal, onye njem emume na-enweghị ihe mkpofu, gaa Mecca. [3] Ọzọ, o wetara igwefoto, bụrụ onye mbụ na-ese foto Mecca, nnukwu ụlọ alakụba, Kaaba, na ogige ndị pilgrim na Mina na Arafat . [2] [3]
Na 1870s e nyere ya aha Bey na afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị ọkwa dị elu nke Pasha . Ka ọ na-erule n'ọgwụgwụ ọrụ agha ya, ọ ruru ọkwa liwa, nke ya na Major-General. Ọ bụ obere oge gọvanọ nke obodo Arish nke Egypt mana ọ laghachiri na Cairo mgbe anwụ nwụsịrị. Ọ lụrụ di afọ iri atọ na anọ; nwunye ya nwụrụ ka ọ na-eso ya na njem na Medina na e liri ya. [2] [3]
Foto
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Sadiq ji igwefoto collodion mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, nke emepụtara na 1850s. Nke a na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị mma na efere iko mmiri, na-achọ ime ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị. Site na ihe ndị a na-adịghị mma o mere mbipụta albumen nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya ma ọ bụ, mgbe e mesịrị, stampụ. [2]
Ebe nsọ nke Mecca na Medina bụ saịtị kachasị nsọ nke Islam . Dịka akụkụ nke Hajj nke bụ otu n'ime ogidi ise nke Islam, ndị njem ala nsọ na-eme ememe na Mecca na saịtị ndị ọzọ dị nso. [4] Na njem njem ya site na 1861 ruo 1881, Sadiq sere foto ime na mpụta nke saịtị na ụzọ njem Hajj yana Medina. Na-ese foto Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (ụlọ alakụba onye amụma) na gburugburu ya na Medina na 11 Febrụwarị 1861, o kwuru n'akwụkwọ ndekọta ya na ọ nweghị onye esere foto dị otú ahụ mbụ. [2]
O ji mgbidi na elu ụlọ alakụba mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-ahụ anya weghara panoramas nke obodo ndị ahụ. [3] Ọ sere ndị mmadụ n'ime ebe nsọ ahụ foto. Ya na ndị njem Hajj na-ejegharị gburugburu Kaaba, o sere Shaykh 'Umar al-Shaibi, onye na-eche igodo Kaaba, na Sharif Shawkat Pasha, onye na-elekọta ụlọ alakụba nke onye amụma. [2]
Na 1876, foto ya nke Medina gosipụtara na ngosi Centennial na Philadelphia . O gosipụtara album nke foto iri na abụọ na 1881 International Conference of Geographers na Venice, na-emeri ihe nrite ọla edo. N'ihi ya, e bipụtara setịpụ a dị ka mkpokọta de Vues Photographiques de La Mecque et de Médine . [2]
A na-ejide foto ya taa site na nchịkọta gụnyere Khalili Collection of Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage, [5] Victoria na Albert Museum, [6] Reiss Engelhorn Museum, [1] na Harvard Fine Arts Library . [7] Onye nlekọta ahụ bụ Claude Sui na-akọwa ihe ndị Sadiq rụzuru na foto dị oke mkpa: "[T] n'ịdị mma nke foto ya bụ ihe akaebe nke nkà ya n'ọhịa a ma na-ekpughe ụkpụrụ ọkachamara na njikwa ya nke usoro collodion mmiri." [1] Foto ya na-egosipụta ma onye na-ese foto maara banyere mmekọrịta gbasara ohere [3] yana njikọ onye Alakụba ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe na mpaghara, ọdịbendị, na ndị mmadụ. [1]
Mbipụta
dezieE mechara bipụta akụkọ banyere nleta Medina na 1861 na 1877 na Egypt Military Gazette na mgbe ahụ n'akwụkwọ, Summary of the Exploration of Wajh-Madinah Hijaz Route na Military Cadastral Map. [2]
Akwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere: [8]
- Nchịkọta de Vues Photographiques de La Mecque et de Médine, 1881. Nke a bụ foto nke ụlọ ọrụ Hajj nke iri na abụọ, gụnyere panorama anọ.
- Mash'al al-mahmal ("Ọwa nke Mahmal"), 1881.
- Kawkab al-hajj fi sayr al-mahmal bahran wa sayrihi barran ("Star of the Hajj along the Travels of the Mahmal by Sea and Land"), 1886.
- Dalil al-hajj li'l-warid nin Makkah wa al-Madinah ("Ntuziaka maka Hajj maka Ndị Na-abịarute na Makkah na Madinah site na ntụziaka ọ bụla"), 1896.
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Sui, Claude W. (2017). "Early Photography of the Holy Sites of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula", in Ritter: The Indigenous Lens? : Early Photography in the Near and Middle East.. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-059087-6. OCLC 1020031954.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 de St. Jorre, John (1999). "Pioneer Photographer of the Holy Cities". Saudi Aramco World (January/February 1999). Retrieved on 2 August 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Sheehi, Stephen (12 April 2016). The Arab Imago: A Social History of Portrait Photography, 1860–1910 (in en). Princeton University Press, xvii-xx. ISBN 978-0-691-15132-8.
- ↑ Long, Matthew (2011). Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 86–87. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0.
- ↑ Khan, Qaisra (2021). Photographic views of Hajj, by Muhammad Sadiq Bey. Discover Islamic Art. Retrieved on 3 August 2021.
- ↑ Search Result – Muhammad Sadiq Bey. Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved on 3 August 2021.
- ↑ Burton, Robert. "Cataloging Is Preservation: An Emerging Consideration in Photograph Conservation Programs". Topics in Photographic Preservation 16: 158–166.
- ↑ al-haram al-madani ('The Sanctuary at Medina') (en-US). Khalili Collections. Retrieved on 2 August 2021.
Njikọ mpụga
dezieMedia related to Muhammad Sadiq (photographer) at Wikimedia Commons