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Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi

Studying the association between Earth climate and extinctions over the past 520 million years, scientists from the University of York write, "The global temperatures predicted for the coming centuries may trigger a new 'mass extinction event', where over 50 percent of animal and plant species would be wiped out."[1]

.Mgbaemetụtanwe ihu igwe emetụtala terrestrial[1] na mmiri[2] gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere tundras,[3] mangroves, coral reefs, na ọgba.[4]  Ịbawanye okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-emekarị ugboro ugboro, [5] na ịrị elu oke osimiri [6] bụ ihe atụ nke mmetụta kachasị mgbanwe ihu igwe.  Nsonaazụ nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ndị a gụnyere mbelata na mkpochapụ ụdị dị iche iche na mkpochapụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, mgbanwe n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi, mmụba nke ụdị ndị na-akpa ike, [7] ọnwụ nke ebe obibi, oke ọhịa na-atụgharị site na ikuku carbon gaa na isi mmalite carbon, acidification oké osimiri, imebi mmiri.  okirikiri, mmụba ihe omume na oke ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ya dị ka ọkụ ọhịa na idei mmiri, yana mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na mmegharị ụdị.

Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo bara ụba na ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ.  Nke a bụ osimiri Gambia dị na ogige ntụrụndụ Niokolo-Koba nke Senegal.

General

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Templeeti:Update section

 
The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2021) projects progressively large increases in both the frequency (horizontal bars) and intensity (vertical bars) of extreme weather events, for increasing degrees of global warming.

.[2]Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta oke elu ụwa.  Ịbawanye okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ pụtara na gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe;  A na-amanye ụfọdụ ụdị n'ebe obibi ha (ikekwe ka ha laa n'iyi) n'ihi ọnọdụ mgbanwe.[1]  Otu ihe atụ bụ ịkwaga mba ọzọ.  N'ihi ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe ọ bụla, a na-amanye nnụnụ ịkwaga mba ọzọ.  Mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ gụnyere obere ọdịda snoo, ịrị elu oke osimiri, oke ozone na mgbanwe ihu igwe.  Ndị a nwere ike imetụta ọrụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi

N'ime akụkọ nyocha nke anọ IPCC, ndị ọkachamara nyochara akwụkwọ gbasara mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi.  Rosenzweig et al.  (2007) kwubiri na n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga, ikpo ọkụ nke mmadụ kpatara nwere ike inwe mmetụta pụtara ìhè n'ọtụtụ sistemu anụ ahụ na nke ndụ (p. 81).[1]  Schneider et al.  (2007) kwubiri, site n'inwe obi ike dị ukwuu, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mpaghara emetụtalarị ụdị na gburugburu ebe obibi gburugburu ụwa (p. 792).[2]  Ha kwubiri na mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-ebute mkpochapụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị na mbelata ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi (p. 792).

  • Terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity: With a warming of 4-5 °C, relative to 2010 levels, it is likely that global terrestrial vegetation would become a net source of carbon (Schneider et al., 2007:792). With high confidence, Schneider et al. (2007:788) concluded that a global mean temperature increase of around 4 °C (above the 2010–2015) by 2100 would lead to major extinctions around the world.
  • Marine ecosystems and biodiversity: With high confidence, scientists concluded that a warming of 2-3 °C above 2010 levels would result in mass mortality of coral reefs globally. In addition, several studies dealing with planktonic organisms and modelling have shown that temperature plays a transcendental role in marine microbial food webs, which may have a deep influence on the biological carbon pump of marine planktonic pelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems.[3][4][5]
  • Freshwater ecosystems: Above about a 4 °C increase in global mean temperature by 2100 (relative to 2010), scientists concluded, with high confidence, that many freshwater species would become extinct or largely endangered.

Studying the association between Earth climate and extinctions over the past 520 million years, scientists from the University of York write, "The global temperatures predicted for the coming centuries may trigger a new 'mass extinction event', where over 50 percent of animal and plant species would be wiped out."[6]

Ọzọkwa, mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike mebie mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi n'etiti ụdị ndị na-emekọrịta ihe, site na mgbanwe omume na phenology, ma ọ bụ site na niche niche ihu igwe. [7] Nkwụsị nke mkpakọrịta ụdị-ụdị dị iche iche bụ ihe nwere ike ịkpata mmegharị ihu igwe na-ebute nke ụdị onye ọ bụla n'otu n'otu gaa n'akụkụ dị iche. [8] [9] Mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike, yabụ, bute mbibi ọzọ, gbachi nkịtị ma bụrụ nke a na-elegharakarị anya: mkpochapụ nke mmekọrịta nke ụdị. N'ihi nbibi nke oghere nke ụdị-ụdị mkpakọrịta, ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweta site na mmekọrịta biotic dịkwa n'ihe ize ndụ site na niche ihu igwe. [7] Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eme mgbanwe mberede na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ na-emekwa ka esemokwu mmadụ na anụ ọhịa na-akawanye njọ gburugburu ụwa. Akọwapụtara esemokwu mmadụ na anụ ọhịa dịka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmadụ na anụ ọhịa nwere mmetụta ọjọọ maka otu ma ọ bụ otu abụọ. Esemokwu nke ụmụ mmadụ na anụ ọhịa nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara nwere ike imegharị gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịkwalite ọdịda na mkpochapụ nke ụdị. Ụdị mgbanwe ndị a nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-ebute nwere ike iyi usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya egwu. [10]

  1. ↑ Mayhew (24 October 2007). "A long-term association between global temperature and biodiversity, origination and extinction in the fossil record". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275 (1630): 47–53. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2007.1302. PMID 17956842. 
  2. ↑ Grimm (November 2013). "The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11 (9): 474–482. DOI:10.1890/120282. 
  3. ↑ Sarmento (12 July 2010). "Warming effects on marine microbial food web processes: how far can we go when it comes to predictions?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365 (1549): 2137–2149. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2010.0045. PMID 20513721. 
  4. ↑ Vázquez-Domínguez (July 2007). "Ocean warming enhances respiration and carbon demand of coastal microbial plankton". Global Change Biology 13 (7): 1327–1334. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01377.x. 
  5. ↑ Vázquez-Domínguez (2 October 2012). "Temperature effects on the heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and microbial top predators of the NW Mediterranean". Aquatic Microbial Ecology 67 (2): 107–121. DOI:10.3354/ame01583. 
  6. ↑ Mayhew (24 October 2007). "A long-term association between global temperature and biodiversity, origination and extinction in the fossil record". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275 (1630): 47–53. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2007.1302. PMID 17956842. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sales (July 2020). "Climate niche mismatch and the collapse of primate seed dispersal services in the Amazon". Biological Conservation 247 (9): 108628. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108628. 
  8. ↑ Malhi (2020-01-27). "Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375 (1794): 20190104. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2019.0104. ISSN 0962-8436. PMID 31983329. 
  9. ↑ Sales (November 2020). "Climate change drives spatial mismatch and threatens the biotic interactions of the Brazil nut". Global Ecology and Biogeography 30 (1): 117–127. DOI:10.1111/geb.13200. 
  10. ↑ Abrahms (February 2023). "Climate change as a global amplifier of human–wildlife conflict". Nature Climate Change 13 (3): 224–234. DOI:10.1038/s41558-023-01608-5. 
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