Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ndụ

A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. The micro-organisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they are not yet able to replace their use. Since they play several roles, a preferred scientific term for such beneficial bacteria is "plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria" (PGPR).

Algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-etolite na mgbasa ozi ụfọdụ. Algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ike inye aka n'ọrụ ugbo n'ihi na ha nwere ikike idozi nitrogen ikuku na ala. Nitrogen a na-enyere ihe ọkụkụ aka. A na-eji algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ eme ihe dị ka fatịlaịza.

Biofertilizers taa

Biofertilizers na-enye "eco-friendly" organic agro-input. Biofertilizers dị ka Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium na blue green algae (BGA) ejirila ya mee ihe ogologo oge. A na-eji Rhizobium inoculant eme ihe maka ihe ọkụkụ leguminous. Azotobacter nwere ike iji ya na ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ọka wit, ọka, mustard, ogho, poteto na ihe ọkpọkọ ndị ọzọ. A na-atụ aro ọgwụ mgbochi Azospirillum karịsịa maka sorghum, millets, ọka, okpete na ọka wit. Algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke sitere na ụdị cyanobacteria n'ozuzu ya, Nostoc, Anabaena, Tolypothrix na Aulosira, na-edozi nitrogen ikuku ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ maka ihe ọkụkụ paddy nke na-eto ma n'okpuru ala na ala ala dị ala. Anabaena na njikọ ya na fern mmiri Azolla na-enye nitrogen ruo 60 kg / hectare / oge ma na-emekwa ka ala baa ọgaranya na ihe ndị dị ndụ.  Seaweeds bara ọgaranya n'ụdị mineral dị iche iche (potassium, phosphorus, trace elements wdg) ya mere ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-eji ha eme ihe nke ukwuu dị ka nsị. Seaweed - nsị na-enyekwa aka n'ịgbasa ụrọ. Ndị Irish na-eji Fucus eme ihe dị ka nsị n'ụzọ buru ibu. Na mba ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, a na-ejikarị apịtị dị n'ala nke ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ nke nwere ọtụtụ algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ eme ihe dị ka nsị n'ọhịa. Ngwakọta nke seaweeds na blue green algae nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo fatịlaịza.

Nje bacteria na-agbari phosphate

Ụdị nje bacteria ndị ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, dị ka Pantoea agglomerans strain P5 ma ọ bụ Pseudomonas putida strain P13, nwere ike solubilize phosphate na-adịghị agwagbu site na isi mmalite phosphate. N'ez_i, n'ihi immobilization nke phosphate site na minerAl ion dị ka Fe, Al na Ca ma ọ bụ organic acid, ọnụego phosphate (Pi) dị n'ime ala dị ala karịa mkpa osisi. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ej_i fatịlaịza kemịkal Pi n'ime ala, ozugbo, nke mere na ihe na-erughị pasent 20 nke fatịlaịtị agbakwunyere na-amịkọrọ osisi. Ya mere, mbelata nke _i onwunwe P_i, n'otu aka, na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi sitere na mmepụta na itinye n'ọrụ nke fatịlaịza kemịkal Pi, n"aka nke ọzọ, achọworị iji nje bacteria phosphate-solubilizing ma ọ bụ phosphate biofertilizers.   

Uru

1. Biofertilizers bụ ụzọ isi dozie ihe oriri dị n'ime ala. N'ozuzu, ụkọ nitrogen.
2. Ebe ọ bụ na fatịlaịza na-adị ndụ, ọ nwere ike ijikọ ya na mgbọrọgwụ osisi. Microorganisms ndị metụtara nwere ike ịgbanwe ngwa ngwa ma nwee nchebe ihe dị mgbagwoju anya n'ime ihe dị mfe, nke mere na osisi na-ewere ha n'ụzọ dị mfe. Ọrụ microorganism na-adịte aka, na-akpata mmezi nke ala. Ọ na-echekwa ebe obibi nke ala. Ọ na-amụba ihe ọkụkụ site na 20-30%, na-anọchi nitrogen na phosphorus site na 30%, ma na-akpali uto osisi. Ọ pụkwara inye nchebe megide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọrịa ụfọdụ sitere n'ala.
3. E gosikwara na iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ buru ibu, biofertilizers nwere ikike nke nitrogen fixation na phosphorus solubilizing ga-eduga na mmetụta kachasị ukwuu.
4. Ha na-akwalite uto na mgbọrọgwụ nke ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na ndị na-achịkwa. Nke a nwere ike ịdị mkpa mgbe ị na-etinye mkpụrụ ọhụrụ n'ọrụ.
5. Biofertilizers na-akwalite ala dị mma, na-eduga n'ịkwado ọrụ ugbo.

Ìgwè nke biofertilizers

1. Azolla-Anabena symbiosis: Azolla bụ obere, eukaryotic, aquatic fern nwere nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ. Prokaryotic blue green algae Anabena azolla bi na akwụkwọ ya dị ka symbiont. Azolla bụ isi iyi ọzọ nke nitrogen. Njikọ a enwetala mmasị dị ukwuu n'ihi na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ọzọ na fatịlaịza kemịkal.   
2. RhizobiumRhizobium symbiotic site na Rhizobeum na legumes na-enye aka nke ukwuu na njikọ nitrogen zuru ezu. Rhizobium inoculation bụ usoro agronomi a ma ama iji hụ na nitrogen zuru oke.
3. Streptomyces grisoflavus
4. Unigrow (UniGrow): fatịlaịza azụmahịa nke a na-eji eme ihe ugbu a. A na-eme ya na mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ ma nwee ihe na-emetụta nje. E gosipụtara na ọ na-enwe nsonaazụ na-ekwe nkwa na ọmụmụ ihe.

Mpaghara ndị chọrọ imeziwanye

Biofertilizers have been shown to have varying effects in different environments, and even within the same environment. This is something that many scientists have been working on, however there is no perfect solution at this time. They however, have been shown to have the most profound effects in drier climates. In the future, it is hoped that biofertilizers effects will be better controlled and regulated in all environments.

Hụkwa

• Ihe na-emetụta ndụ
• Onye Endophyte
• Igwe nje na-agba ọgwụ
• Rhizobacteria
• Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri
• Nri ahịhịa mmiri