Mariette Bosch
Mariëtte Sonjaleen Bosch (1950 - 31 Machị 2001, mgbe e mesịrị kpọọ ya Mariëtte Wolmarans ) bụ nwanyị South Africa e gburu ya Botswana na 31 Machị 2001. A mara Bosch ikpe maka ogbugbu nke Maria Magdalene "Ria" Wolmarans, ndị ọcha bi na Gaborone, na June 1996. Ọ bụ nwanyị ọcha mbụ e gburu na Botswana, ma bụrụkwa nwanyị nke anọ a kwụgburu kemgbe mba ahụ nwere onwe ya.[1] N'ihi ihe abụọ a, ikpe igbu ọchụ nwetara nlebara anya dị ukwuu na mpụga obodo ahụ ma kpọọ ya "Ajọ Ọcha nke Botswana".
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
dezieMariette Bosch bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye nwe Ụlọ ahịa mmanya bara ọgaranya na South Africa, ya na di ya Justin kwagara Gaborone, isi obodo Botswana dị nso, n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ mpụ dị ala na akụ na ụba na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ndị Bosch biri na Phakalane, agbata obi dị na Gaborone nke na-ewu ewu n'etiti Ndị ọcha South Africa bara ọgaranya ma na-akpọkarị "Little Sandton". Mariette ghọrọ onye otu Gaborone Dutch Reformed Church ma banye n'etiti ndị mmadụ, bụrụ enyi Ria Wolmarans na di ya, Marthinus "Tienie" Wolmarans. O nwere ụmụ atọ.
Na 1995, Justin Bosch nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Mariette Bosch na Tienie Wolmarans malitere inwe mmekọ.[1][2] Ndị Wolmars kewapụrụ na 1993 mana ha laghachiri ọnụ n'afọ na-eso ya, n'agbanyeghị Tienie kwere Bosch nkwa na ya ga-ahapụ nwunye ya
Ogbugbu
dezieNa June 1996, Bosch gara Pietersburg, South Africa, ma nata egbe nna ya n'aka otu n'ime ndị enyi ya.[1] N'echi ya, ọ kpọbatara égbè ahụ na Botswana.[2] Bosch banyere n'ebe obibi nke Wolmarans, nke dị n'akụkụ abụọ site na nke ya, site n'ịrịgoro mgbidi nchebe wee gbaa Ria Wolmarans ugboro abụọ, tie ya n'afọ na ọgịrịga. O nweghị ndị akaebe maka mpụ ahụ.
Na mbụ, ndị uwe ojii kwenyere na ogbugbu ahụ mere n'usoro nke ohi ma kpọọ aha ọ dịghị onye a na-enyo enyo. Bosch gwara nwunye nwanne ya nwanyị, Judith Bosch, na ọ hụrụ Tienie Wolmarans n'anya ma chọọ ịlụ ya. Judith, onye Bosch na ya nwere mmekọrịta dị egwu, [1] [2] mere ka Bosch nye ya na di ya ngwá agha igbu ọchụ ahụ, na-ekwu na ọ ga-enyeghachi ya onye nwe égbè ahụ, onye bụ ezigbo enyi; Mariette nyere di Judith égbè ahụ. [1] [3] Ọnwa atọ ka ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, Bosch nyere iwu ka onye na-emepụta ihe na Pretoria jiri Uwe agbamakwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ chọpụtara eziokwu banyere égbè na uwe ahụ, Judith wegara égbè ahụ na ndị uwe ojii. Ndị uwe ojii jidere Wolmarans na-enyo ya enyo na ọ na-etinye aka na ogbugbu ahụ, mana a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe otu mgbede gasịrị ma ọ dịghị mgbe a na-ebo ya ebubo.[2]
Usoro iwu
dezieNdị ọka iwu Botswana kwuru na igbu ọchụ ahụ gụnyere "Ls anọ nke igbu ọchụ - ịhụnanya, ịkwakọrọ ihe, agụụ na ịkpọasị."[1] Mgbe e jidere Mariette Bosch, [2] Tienie Wolmarans lụrụ ya na 1997 wee kwado ya. A kpọburu Bosch n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Lobatse nke Botswana.
Chris McGreal nke The Guardian kwuru, "Ikpe ahụ dị egwu mgbe ụfọdụ". Onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na nchekwa, Dr. Louise Olivier, arụwokwa ọrụ dị ka "dọkịta mmekọahụ" nke magazin. [2] Onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche, onye jere ozi dị ka onye akaebe ọkachamara na-agbachitere, kwuru na Bosch enweghị profaịlụ nke ogbu mmadụ ma ghara inwe ike ịgha ụgha. McGreal kwuru na nwa nwanyị Bosch kwara ákwá n'ụlọ ikpe nakwa na ezinụlọ ya "nwere ụjọ maka ikuku egwuregwu".[1] Na 13 Disemba 1999, [2] Ọkaikpe Isaac Aboagye nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Botswana hụrụ Bosch ikpe igbu ọchụ nke ndị Wolmar, na February 2000 ọ mara ya ikpe ọnwụ.
Na Jenụwarị 2001, Bosch rịọrọ arịrịọ. Onye ọka iwu Britain bụ Desmond da Silva nọchitere anya ya. Otu ìgwè ndị ọkàikpe sitere na Commonwealth of Nations jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe, [2] na da Silva gbalịrị ime ka ha kwenye na gọọmentị Botswana ekpugheghị, n'oge ikpe ahụ, na o nyela onye a na-enyo enyo nnwere onwe iji gbanwere ịgba akaebe megide Bosch. Na 30 Jenụwarị 2001, Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Botswana jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ, na-ekpebi na nkọwa Bosch banyere ikpe ahụ abụghị ihe doro anya.
N'oge ahụ, naanị ohere a ga-azọpụta Bosch site na ogbugbu ga-abụ mgbaghara sitere n'aka Onye isi ala Botswana Festus Mogae.[1] Site na 1966 ruo tupu e gbuo Bosch, e gburu mmadụ 33 na Botswana.[2] Na ngwụcha izu tupu e gbuo Bosch, Mogae kwuru na ya anaghị eche maka inye mgbaghara
Ka ọ na-echere ikpe ọnwụ ya, a tụrụ Bosch mkpọrọ na Gaborone Central Prison . Gọọmentị South Africa jụrụ itinye aka n'okwu ya. Ruo na njedebe, o siri ọnwụ na ọ gbukwara Ria Wolmarans, egosighi nchegharị, ma bo onye nke atọ ebubo ịbụ ezigbo onye kpatara ya.
Ogbugbu
dezieNa Botswana, ntaramahụhụ iwu maka igbu ọchụ bụ ọnwụ, ọ gwụla ma achọta ọnọdụ ndị na-eme ka ọ dị nro. Mgbe Bosch nọrọ otu afọ n'ụlọ ikpe Ọnwụ, a kwụgburu ya n'elekere 5:30 nke ụtụtụ na 31 Machị 2001. E gburu ya na Central Maximum Prison na Gaborone.[4] E nyeghị ezinụlọ Bosch na ndị ọka iwu ọkwa tupu oge eruo banyere ogbugbu ya.[5]N'ụbọchị sochiri nkụchi ahụ, ezinụlọ ya nọ na-akwọ ụgbọala ileta ya mgbe ha matara banyere nkụchi na redio. Tienie Wolmarans kwuru na ọ nwara nleta a haziri ahazi n'ụbọchị gara aga, na Fraịdee, iji nye Bosch ihe ụfọdụ, mana a gwara ya na enwere nyocha ya mere ha enweghị ike ịme nleta ahụ. E nyere Bosch akwụkwọ ikike ọnwụ n'ụbọchị ahụ. Wolmarans kwuru na ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ ghaara ya ụgha.[6]
Usoro ikpe mpụ nke Botswana enweghị Nri ikpeazụ a họpụtara maka ndị e gburu. A naghị enye onye mkpọrọ ọgwụ ọ bụla tupu e gbuo ya. Joe Orebotse, nwoke kwuru okwu n'aha onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ Botswana, kwuru na onye ụkọchukwu okpukpe, onye ọrụ ahụike, onye na-akwụgbu onwe ya, na ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ nọ ebe ahụ, mana enweghị ndị ikwu e kwere ka ha banye.Na Botswana, a naghị anabata ndị ikwu na ogbugbu .[1] Wolmarans kwuru na ya amaghị ebe ili Bosch dị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ndị ọkàiwu ya kwuru na e gburu ya n'ike n'ike ma katọọ ogbugbu e gburu ya.
Ihe si na ya pụta
dezieN'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2001, Onye isi ala South Africa bụ Thabo Mbeki nọ na-eme atụmatụ ịmalite akwụkwọ mkpesa iji kagbuo ikpe ọnwụ Bosch, n'amaghị na e gbuola ya. Interights, otu nzukọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke dị na United Kingdom, na ụfọdụ ndị a na-akọwaghị akọwapụtara na ogbugbu ahụ ezighị ezi. Na Mọnde 8 Disemba 2003 ọfịs Mogae kwuru na ogbugbu ahụ emegideghị African Commission on Human Rights nakwa na ACHR kpebiri na e mebiri ikike Bosch site na igbu ya n'oge nzukọ nke 34 nke e mere na Gambia.
Òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ si South Africa na mba ndị ọzọ katọrọ ogbugbu ahụ; Amnesty International kwuru na e mere ya ngwa ngwa na nzuzo iji zere esemokwu ọzọ, na ezinaụlọ ahụ amataghị ogbugbu ahụ ruo mgbe o mechara mee, nakwa na e mere ngwa ngwa ogbugbu ahụ mgbe mkpesa ahụ dara na dịka Bosch na-arịọ Mogae ebere.[1] Otu Botswana na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ bụ Ditshwanelo katọkwara ogbugbu a.
E jiri ikpe ahụ tụnyere akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri White Mischief, na ọnọdụ nke ndị ọcha bara ọgaranya n'oge ọchịchị Kenya nke usoro ahụ gosipụtara. Akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na ogbugbu e gburu na Kenya n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke metụtara otu nwoke, Sir Henry Delves Broughton, nwara igbu nwoke ọzọ nke ya na nwunye ya nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ kpọrọ ya "ihe ọjọọ ọcha nke Botswana".[1] Emeela akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ikpe igbu ọchụ nke Bosch. N'afọ 2001, gọọmentị Botswana jụrụ ịgbasa ya, na-ekwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere ike ịkpata ịgba akwụkwọ. Mgbe mkpebi ahụ gasịrị, Chris Bishop, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi telivishọn nke Botswana, gbara arụkwaghịm.[7]
Hụkwa
dezie- ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na Botswana
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBird - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMcGrealLoveLoot - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMorrall61 - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBBCHanged - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPenketh - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSecret - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBBCFilm
Ebe ndị ọzọ e si nweta ya
dezie- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ogbugbu na Ọha. John Wiley & Sons, October 2, 2006. ISBN 0470030224, 978047003026.
- "N'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke Botswana nke e mere na Lobatse Court of Appeal Criminal Appeal No. 37 nke 1999 High Court Criminal Trial No. 34 nke 1997 N'okwu dị n'etiti MARRIETTE SONJALEEN BOSCH APPELLANT na The State Respondent" (Archive) - Ikpe mkpegharị, nke South African Legal Information Institute (SAFLI) kwadoro)
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- na Wayback Machine (echekwara n'April 16, 2002). (Archive) Daily News. 31 Jenụwarị 2001.