Wikipedia

Junkanoo

 

Junkanoo
form of festival
mba/obodoThe Bahamas Dezie
intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Dezie
ihe eji ya emejunkanoo Dezie
WikiProject na-elekọta yaWikiProject Intangible Cultural Heritage Dezie

 

Junkanoo bụ emume bidoro n'oge ịgba ohu nke Africa chattel n'obodo Briten America na-achị . A na-eme ya nke ọma na Bahamas, Jamaica na Belize, yana akụkọ ihe mere eme na North Carolina na Miami, ebe enwere nnukwu obodo ndị West India n'oge oge mgbapụta. N'oge ugbu a, e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na arụmọrụ na mkpoputa, ma e nwere ihe ndị na-emekọrịtara ihe nke masquerade (ma ọ bụ ihe nkpuchi), ịgba egwu, ịgba egwú, na ịgba egwú.

N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, a na-eme Junkanoo gburugburu izu ụka Krismas. Emere emume ọdịnala ndị a n'oge ekeresimesi na Jamaica. [1] Na Bahamas, a na-akpọ ya Junkanoo na mbụ ma ekwuru na ọ malitere na 1700s ebe a na-eme ya kwa afọ. Na Belize, ebe a na-ewukwa egwu egwu, nsonaazụ asọmpi na-ekpo ọkụ. [2] Enwekwara ihe ngosi Junkanoo na Miami na June na Key West n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ebe ndị isi ojii nọ n'ime obodo nwere mgbọrọgwụ na Caribbean. [3]

Mmalite

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A na-eche na mmalite ya malitere na Bahamas, mana ọtụtụ agwaetiti ndị ọzọ dị na Caribbean na-asụ Bekee na-azọrọ ya. Agbanyeghị, ihe akaebe na-egosi na mmalite Junkanoo na-arụtụ aka na Jamaica ma mechaa gbasaa na Caribbean niile dịka narị afọ nke 18. Ọ bụ ezie na e sitere n'otu ebe, mba dị iche iche ewepụtala ememe nke ọ bụla ma, ka oge na-aga, ọ bịara dịtụ iche. [4]

Omenala a bụ otu n'ime mmemme ịgba egwu kacha ochie na Jamaica. [5] Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ egwu ọdịnala maka ndị Garifuna, [6] [7] a na-eme ụdị ịgba egwu a na Bahamas n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe ha na ezumike akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị ọzọ.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ahụkwa paradaịs Junkanoo na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ North Carolina nke enwere ike ịmaliteghachi na mgbọrọgwụ Jamaica. [8] Otú ọ dị, omenala ahụ adịchaghị ewu ewu mgbe e kwụsịrị ịgba ohu. Ememe Junkanoo ikpeazụ mara na ndịda United States bụ na Wilmington, North Carolina, na ngwụcha 1880s. [9]

A na-akụ egwu egwu ka a na-akụkwa ịgbà akpụkpọ ewu na mgbịrịgba ehi .

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ememme a nwere ike ịmalite ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga mgbe ndị Africa bụ ohu ma ọ bụ ụmụ ha, n'ugbo dị na Jamaica, na-eme ememe ndị a na-enye n'oge Krismas. E ji ịgba egwu, egwu (ịgba egwu), na ejiji mee nke a. Ejiji na ịkụ egwu a na-eji eme ememe na Jamaica na-egosi myirịta siri ike na ịgba egwu nkpuchi nke West Africa.

Omenala a gara n'ihu na mba ndị dị ka Bahamas mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị. Junkanoo malitere n'ebe dị anya site na mmalite dị mfe ruo n'usoro a haziri ahazi nke nwere uwe dị mgbagwoju anya, egwu egwu, na ihe nrite gọọmentị n'ime ụdị dị iche iche.

A na-arụrịta ụka na mmalite okwu junkanoo . Echiche gụnyere na aha ya bụ dike folk aha ya bụ John Canoe ma ọ bụ na ọ sitere na okwu French gens inconnus (ndị a na-amaghị ama), dịka ndị na-eme mkpọtụ na-eyi ihe mkpuchi. [10]

Douglas Chambers, bụ prọfesọ mmụta mmụta Afrịka na Mahadum Southern Mississippi, na-atụ aro na enwere ike ịbụ Igbo sitere na chi Igbo yam Njoku Ji , na-atụ aka n'ememe n'oge maka emume New Yam. Chambers na-atụkwa aro njikọ na omenala Igbo okonko masking nke ndịda Igboland, nke na-egosipụta ihe mkpuchi mpi na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere mkpuchi, dị ka ihe mkpuchi junkanoo. [11]

A chọpụtakwara na mmemme Egungun Yoruba yitere. [12] Agbanyeghị, o yikarịrị ka onye Akan si malite n'ihi na mmemme nke Fancy Dress Festivals / Masquerades bụ n'otu oge ahụ (izu ekeresimesi (December 25–January 1)) na Central na Western Region nke Ghana. Na mgbakwunye, John Canoe bụ onye isi Ahanta dị adị na dike dike Akan nke chịrị Axim, Ghana tupu 1720, n'otu afọ ahụ e mere ememme John Canoe na Caribbean. Dị ka ọkà mmụta Jeroen Dewulf si kwuo, okwu ahụ nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nwere akụkụ okpukpe, nke metụtara chi Akan Nyankompong (na nsụgharị nke taa), bụ onye a maara na isi mmalite Bekee nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ dị ka John Company . [13]

Dị ka Edward Long si kwuo, onye na-agba ohu / onye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Jamaica na narị afọ nke 18, e mere ememme John Canoe na Jamaica na Caribbean site n'ịbụ ohu Akan kwadoro nwoke a maara dị ka John Canoe. Canoe bụ onye agha jikọrọ ndị Germany ruo mgbe ọ gbakụtara ha azụ maka ndị Ahanta ya, na-akwado ndị Asante, Nzema, Wassa na ndị ọzọ na njikọ aka a na-akpọ Kotoko (aha ọzọ maka steeti Asante), iji weghara mpaghara ahụ n'aka ndị ọchịchị. Ndị Germany na ndị Europe ndị ọzọ. Akụkọ banyere mmeri ya ruru Jamaica, a na-emekwa ya kemgbe Krismas nke 1708 mgbe mbụ o meriri ndị agha Prussian maka Axim. Afọ iri abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị agha Fante gbara agbata obi mebiri ebe siri ike ya, nke ndị agha Britain nyere aka.

Ahanta na ndị ọzọ Asante Kotoko a dọọrọ n'agha ka  kpọrọ gaa Jamaica dị ka ndị mkpọrọ nke agha. Ememme ahụ n'onwe ya gụnyere motifs sitere na agha ụdị ejiji Akan. Ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi agha na usoro ịgba egwu nke ndị Ahanta ghọrọ akụkụ nke ememe a n'ụwa nile, karịsịa na Caribbean. Ihe mkpuchi na uwe ndị a na-akpachapụ anya yiri uwe agha Akan nwere mma, nke a na-akpọ "Batakari". [14]

Omenala ama ama

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Emeela ihe ngosi Junkanoo na fim, dị ka ihe nkiri James Bond Thunderball (nke a kọwara n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka ememme Mardi Gras -ụdị mpaghara), Mgbe anyanwụ dara, na Jaws The Revenge . Ọ bụkwa na oge otu ihe omume, Calderone's Return (Nkebi nke Abụọ), nke usoro telivishọn 1984 Miami Vice, na-ewere ọnọdụ n'àgwàetiti St. Andrews.

Kenny Loggins dere egwu akpọrọ "Junkanoo Holiday (Fallin'-Flyin')" wee gosipụta ya na album 1979 Keep The Fire . Egwu a na-esochi egwu egwu egwu, " Nke a bụ ya ," na ọba ahụ. "Nke a bụ ya" nwere njedebe na-agwụ agwụ na-abanye na "Junkanoo Holiday (Fallin'-Flyin')", na-ahapụ nkwụsị zuru oke n'etiti egwu abụọ ahụ.

Na ihe omume nke iri na atọ nke ihe nkiri telivishọn Top Chef: All-Stars, " Fit for a King ", ndị asọmpi na-agba egwu na Junkanoo parade, mụtara banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, ma zọọ asọmpi ime nri kacha mma maka Eze Junkanoo.

A tụlere n'azụ-Covid laghachi Junkanoo na nkenke n'ofe akụkụ abụọ nke 189 na 190 nke pọdkastị Nicole Byer na Sasheer Zamata, Ezigbo Enyi, na-edekọ njem ha na Bahamas. [15] [16]

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

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Hụkwa

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  • Pịtchy patchy
  • John Canoe, 1708 eze Axim, onye nwere ike ịbụ aha a kpọrọ aha omume ahụ
  1. ↑ 2nd Day of Christmas – Jonkonnu. Jamaica Information Service.
  2. ↑ Smith. "Shell Saxon Superstars sweep 2019/2020 Junkanoo season", Eyewitness News, January 28, 2020.
  3. ↑ Bahamas Junkanoo Revue (en-US). HistoryMiami Museum. Retrieved on 2023-12-15.
  4. ↑ Sands (1989). "Junkanoo Past, Present, and Future". The Black Perspective in Music 17 (1/2): 93–108. DOI:10.2307/1214745. ISSN 0090-7790. 
  5. ↑ 2nd Day of Christmas – Jonkonnu. Jamaica Information Service.
  6. ↑ Hamburg. "Free to dance - Belize's liberating Jonkonnu celebration recalls a slavery-era tradition", Los Angeles Times, December 23, 2007, p. 3. Retrieved on 2020-12-27.
  7. ↑ Scaramuzzo. "African-Caribbean Music Takes Off", The Times-Picayune, April 28, 1989, p. L21.
  8. ↑ Lasseter (2014). Jonkonnu, Jankunu, Junkanoo, John Canoe: Reorienting North Carolina's Practice in the American Mediterranean (en). Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina | Documenting the American South. University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Retrieved on 2023-09-05.
  9. ↑ Brockell (26 December 2021). Jonkonnu: The holiday when Black revelers could mock their enslavers. The Washington Post.
  10. ↑ The Joy of Junkanoo. The Islands of the Bahamas. The Bahamas Ministry of Tourism and Aviation. Retrieved on 2020-12-27.
  11. ↑ Chambers (March 1, 2005). Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-706-5. 
  12. ↑ Allsop (2003). The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 776. ISBN 978-976-640-145-0. 
  13. ↑ Dewulf (December 2021). "Rethinking the Historical Development of Caribbean Performance Culture from an Afro-Iberian Perspective: The Case of Junkanoo". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 95 (3–4): 223–253. DOI:10.1163/22134360-bja10012. 
  14. ↑ Long (1774). "The History of Jamaica Or, A General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island: With Reflexions on Its Situation, Settlements, Inhabitants, Climate, Products, Commerce, Laws, and Government": 445–475. 
  15. ↑ Sasheer Was Scared To Leave Nicole Stranded In the Middle of the Ocean. Earwolf. Retrieved on February 14, 2023.
  16. ↑ Nicole and Sasheer Regale You With the Final Chapter of Their Bahamas Trip. Earwolf. Retrieved on February 14, 2023.
  • Bethel (1992). Junkanoo: Festival of the Bahamas. Macmillan Caribbean. ISBN 0-333-55469-8. 
  • Rommen (1999). "Home Sweet Home: Junkanoo as National Discourse in the Bahamas". Black Music Research Journal 19: 71–92. DOI:10.2307/779275. 
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