Francis E. Griffin
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Francis, Eugene |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Griffin |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 10 Septemba 1910 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Battle Creek |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 14 Febụwarị 1973 |
| Ebe olili | Oak Hill Cemetery |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Francis Eugene Griffin (1910–1973) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ America. Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ ojii na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Detroit wee nye aka na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii n'oge mbụ n'obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ White & Griffin, [1] na mgbe e mesịrị Ward, Griffin, & Agee, na Francis E. Griffin Associates, Architects, & Planners . Griffin rụkwara ọrụ na 1950s maka gọọmentị United States n'ichepụta ihe owuwu na Liberia . A na-asụgharịkwa aha ya Frances E. Griffin . [2]
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
dezieA mụrụ Francis Eugene Griffin na Septemba 10, 1910, na Battle Creek, Michigan, nye nne na nna Africa America Genevieve Tucker Griffin na William Edward Dunston Griffin. [3] Ezinụlọ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Ụka Mt. Zion AME dị na Battle Creek. [3] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Battle Creek, wee gụchaa na February 1928. [3] [4]
Site na 1928 ruo 1931, Griffin gara Mahadum Michigan (UMich); sochiri oge ọmụmụ ihe nke abụọ site na 1933 ruo 1935. [3] Ụbọchị ngụsị akwụkwọ ya kpọmkwem site na nzere bachelọ sayensị na injinịa ụkpụrụ ụlọ na UMich amabeghị (ma na 1935 ma ọ bụ 1944). [3]
Na 1936, ọ lụrụ Mallie Hill; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ. [3]
Ọrụ
dezieỌ rụrụ ọrụ na Washington, DC, maka John Anderson Lankford site na 1936 ruo 1938; sochiri ọrụ maka Howard Hamilton Mackey Sr. site na 1939 ruo 1941. [3] N'afọ 1939, Griffin ghọrọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Washington, DC. [3] Griffin nwere omume onwe ya n'ụlọ ya na 5325 Ames, NE, na mpaghara Capitol View nke Washington, DC, site na 1941 ruo 1943. [3] Ọrụ sochiri ya dị ka onye nleba anya ọnụ ahịa maka ọrụ Mayfair Mansions Apartments nke Albert Irvin Cassell (1943–1945). [3]
Ya na Donald Frank White jikọrọ aka n'etiti 1946 na 1968 iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ White & Griffin Architecture-Engineering Associates na Detroit. [1] [3] N'etiti 1950s, White & Griffin weere ọrụ na Liberia; [3] njikọ aka n'etiti gọọmenti United States, ọchịchị Liberia, na Prairie View A&M University iji mepụta Booker T. Washington Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ aka nke na-agbaso usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji nke United States.
N'ọgwụgwụ 1950s ruo 1970s, ya na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Harold Edward Ward na Aubrey Caston Agee jikọrọ aka wee guzobe ụlọ ọrụ, Ward, Griffin, & Agee. [3] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970, a gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Francis E. Griffin Associates, Architects, & Planners. [3]
Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka Obodo Detroit Housing Commission site na 1962 na 1969. [3] Griffin bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na BAG (Black Architects Group) na Detroit; na onye otu American Institute of Architects (AIA). [3] Ọ bụkwa onye ndu n'ime National Technical Association, na-enye ọzụzụ, ohere, na nkwado maka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America. [3]
Ọnwụ
dezieỌ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na February 14, 1973, na Detroit. [3] [5] A kọwapụtara Griffin n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographic Dictionary, 1865-1945 (2004).
Ndepụta ọrụ
dezieHụkwa
dezie- African-American architects
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Architects Move To New Headquarters", The Detroit Tribune, 1948-02-07, pp. 5. Retrieved on 2024-01-30. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Donald White, Michigan's first licensed black architect, broke new ground (en). Michigan Public (2020-02-17). Retrieved on 2024-01-31.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Wilson (March 2004). "Francis Eugene Griffin (1910–1973)", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 245–248. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "DSWilson" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Francis Griffin", Battle Creek Enquirer, February 16, 1973, pp. 10.
- ↑ Francis Eugene Griffin. AIA Historical Directory of American Architects. Retrieved on 2024-01-31.
- ↑ Piper (2019-07-15). The legacy of black architects in Detroit (en). Curbed Detroit. Vox Media, LLC. Retrieved on 2024-01-30.