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Ebe A Na-anọ Nri

Ebe a na-akwa nri bụ mpaghara mpaghara na-emepụta nri maka otu ndị mmadụ. A na-eji okwu ahụ kọwaa mpaghara nri na-esi abanye, site na mpaghara ebe a na-emepụta ya, ruo ebe a na-eri ya, gụnyere: ala ọ na-eto, ụzọ ọ na-aga, ahịa ọ na-agafe, na tebụl. ọ na-ejedebe na. Akọwara “nri nri” dị ka “oghere mmekọrịta-ọdịiche: ọrụ mmadụ agbakwunyere n'ime akụkụ anụ ahụ nke otu ebe.”[1] Nri nri dị ka ebe mmiri dị n'ebe a na-akwa nri na-akọwapụta usoro nri na-enye otu ndị mmadụ nri, ebe ọ bụ na ebe a na-akwa nri na-akọwapụta usoro nri na-enye otu ndị mmadụ nri, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eme ka nri na-eri nri. mmiri ozuzo na-akọwapụta mpụta mmiri na-asọpụta n'otu ebe. Site n'inweta echiche sitere n'echiche nke mmiri mmiri, a na-ahụta ebe nri nri dị ka ngwakọ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ihe okike..[1]

Ọ nwere ike gbasara mpaghara ebe mmadụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-enweta otu ụdị nri, ma ọ bụ mpaghara mkpokọta nke mmadụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-enweta nri ha niile. Ogo nke ihe oriri nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere n'ụdị nri a na-enweta kwa afọ yana ụdị nri ndị a na-akụ na nke edoziri. Mgbanwe dị ka usoro ihu igwe, ụdị ala, nnweta mmiri, ọnọdụ mkpọda, wdg na-ekere òkè n'ịchọpụta ikike na ihe ize ndụ nke ọrụ ugbo) [1]

Ebe a na-ere nri na United States nke oge a, dịka ihe atụ, na-agafe ụwa niile dịka nri ndị dị na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa ahụ si n'akụkụ ụwa niile, na-adịkarị anya site n'ebe a na-emepụta ha.

Mmalite

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E chepụtara okwu a na 1929 n'akwụkwọ How Great Cities Are Fed [2] nke W.P. Hedden, [3] onye bụ n'oge ahụ Chief of the Bureau of Commerce for the Port of New York Authority. [4] Hedden kọwara 'ụlọ nri' na 1929 dị ka 'dikes na dams' na-eduzi nri site na onye na-emepụta gaa na onye na -azụ ahịa.[5] Hedden na-eme ka ihe oriri dị iche na mmiri dị iche iche site n'ikwu na "ihe mgbochi nke na-emebi mmiri ozuzo n'otu ọdọ mmiri karịa n'ime nke ọzọ bụ ala dị elu, ebe ihe mgbochi nke-eduzi ma na-achịkwa mmegharị nke ihe oriri na-abụkarị akụ na ụba karịa nke anụ ahụ. " Hedden na'akọwa ike akụ na ụba na-emetụta ebe a na-emepụta nri na otu esi ebuga ha n'obodo ndị a na-eri ha. [5] N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, onye na-ahụ maka nri Arthur Getz weghachiri okwu ahụ, na edemede ya nke 1991 "Urban Foodsheds" na "Permaculture Activist", iji nye onyinyo nke na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka ịghọta etu Usoro nri si arụ ọrụ na nke na-egosi na nri sitere na isi iyi a ga-echebe.[5]

Ebe a na-edebe nri n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America

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Iri nri n'ime ụlọ nri dị n'ógbè ahụ bụ naanị ụzọ ezinụlọ si enweta nri. Na narị afọ nke iri na asaa ma ọ bụ nke iri na asatọ, a na-enweta ọtụtụ ihe na mpaghara na-erughị hekta iri ise. E nwere njikọ nke ọrụ ugbo na ihe a na-esi na kichin. Ndị ọrụ ugbo nwetara mmetụta banyere ala ahụ - ala ka mma na nke a na-elekọta nke ọma nwere ike ịbawanye mgbasa cornucopian ma were ya dị ka isi iyi nri na ihe ịrịba ama nke akụ na ụba. Ịtụle na ịmara ala dị ka isi iyi nri dị iche na ihe ọtụtụ n'ime anyị maara ma nwee ahụmịhe mgbe anyị na-akwọ ụgbọala n'ọhịa gara aga n'ime ime obodo taa. Ndị mmadụ riri nri nke dị n'oge, mgbe ọ dị, ma ọ bụ nke ahụ echekwara. Ihe ole na ole si n'ebe dị anya, ma ọ bụrụ na ha si, ha si n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta, dị ka sinamọn na nutmeg. Ịzụlite, isi nri, na iri nri jikọtara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na America tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ala ahụ.[6]

Ụzọ e si ekesa nri n'ime ụlọ nri dị n'ógbè ahụ

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"Ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na tebụl" na-elekwasị anya n'ịmepụta nri n'ime ụlọ nri, na ịnye ya ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ógbè ahụ. N'ọrụ ugbo na tebụl na United States na-agụnye naanị obere akụkụ nke usoro nkesa nri n'ihe gbasara ogo na mkpa, mana ọ na-eto eto na ewu ewu.[7]

  • Ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo: ihe dị n'etiti usoro nkesa nri ọzọ. Ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo mbụ a kwadoro malitere ịpụta ihe dị ka afọ 25 gara aga ma bụrụ n'ihi ọchịchọ ogologo oge iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahịa pụọ n'omume aghụghọ site n'aka ndị na-ere ahịa. Ndị omeiwu steeti dị iche iche na-achịkwa ahịa ndị a kwadoro nke ọma ma chọọ ka o kwe nkwa na onye na-ere ihe ahụ bụ n'ezie onye ahụ toro ihe ahụ.
  • Ndị na-ere ahịa n'akụkụ ụzọ: Ndị na-emepụta ya na-eji ya ere mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa. Ihe ndị a na-enyere aka belata ụgwọ njem maka ndị ọrụ ugbo site n'iweta onye na-azụ ahịa na ngwaahịa.)[7]
  • Pick-your-own: Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-emeghe ubi ha maka ndị na-azụ ahịa ma kwe ka ha họrọ ma wepụta ụdị ihe dị iche iche. Usoro a na-enye nnukwu ego maka ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ahịa, n'ihi na ndị na'azụ ahịa nwere ike ịhọrọ ihe ọkụkụ kachasị mma, ndị ọrụ ugpo na-echekwa ego metụtara owuwe ihe ubi na ahịa.[7]
  • Ọrụ ugbo ntụrụndụ: ndị ọrụ ugbo enweela ike iji ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ego dịka ụzọ ije ije, ịnya ahịhịa, na ebe anụmanụ na-azụ iji dọta ndị na-azụ ahịa.[7]
  • Ọrụ ugbo ndenye aha: na-enyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka ịzụta òkè nke mmepụta nke otu ugbo. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akwụkarị ụgwọ ndenye aha maka ikike ịzụta ihe ọhụrụ n'oge owuwe ihe ubi. A na-akwụ ndị debanyere aha ụgwọ maka ngwaahịa ahụ dabere na ụdị na ọnụọgụ.
  • Ọrụ ugbo na-akwado obodo (CSA): na-enye ndị na-azụ ahịa ohere ịzụta òkè nke mmepụta ugbo.

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 5 nke ndị ọrụ ugbo niile na-etinye aka n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke ahịa nri kpọmkwem. Atụmatụ nke ahịa niile site n'ugbo ruo na tebụl n'ime ụlọ nri dị site na ihe dịka nde $ 550 ruo ijeri $ 2.[7] Ọtụtụ ugbo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ bụ ugbo ezinụlọ na-achịkwa nke na-aga nke ọma ma na-adị ndụ site na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị ala. Ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eche na ha na-eme mgbanwe karịa ma nwee ike "ịmepụta" na gburugburu ebe dịgasị iche iche na nke a na-ejighị n'aka.[8]

Nchịkọta Nri Obodo

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Enwere ike iji ịntanetị chọta map nri nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara ọ bụla. Map ụfọdụ na-emekọrịta ihe, ebe enwere ike ịchọta isi mmalite n'otu mpaghara maka ihe ndị a na-emepụta, microbreweries, ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo, ubi mkpụrụ osisi, ndị na-eme cheese, ma ọ bụ ụdị ndị ọzọ a kapịrị ọnụ n'ime 100 mile radius.[9] A na-ewere radius 100 mile dị ka "nri obodo" n'ihi na ọ buru ibu iji ruo n'elu nnukwu obodo, ma dị obere iji nwee mmetụta nke obodo n'ezie.[10]

Ebe a na-edebe nri na Nkwado

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Ịzụta nri n'ime ụlọ nri nwere ike ịhụ dị ka ụzọ isi lụso usoro nri nke oge a ọgụ, na mmetụta ọ na-enwe na gburugburu ebe obibi. A kọwawo ya dị ka " ọkọlọtọ nke ndị mmadụ na-anwa igbochi ọnọdụ nke itinye uche na akụ na ụba, enweghị ike nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na nri na ala ọrụ ugbo. " [5] Ịhọrọ ịzụta ihe ọkụkụ mpaghara na-eme ka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị na-emepụta ihe dị mma site n'ibelata ike eji ebufe nri, yana ikuku gas. Nanị mmepụta ọrụ ugbo na-enye aka na 14% nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke mmadụ. Enyemaka nke usoro nri nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-enye aka na nsogbu ụwa nke Mgbanwe ihu igwe. A na-elebakwu anya na ohere maka ibelata ikuku site na njem dị irè na usoro dị iche iche nke oriri, ọkachasị ịdabere na nri mpaghara.[5]

Otu ihe a na-ahụkarị maka "iri nri n'ime ụlọ nri" bụ ma ihe a na na-emepụta agafeela n'okpuru 100 "mile nri". "Mila nri bụ ihe a na'ahụ maka ebe nri si n'ugbo ebe a na-emepụta ya gaa na tebụl ebe a na'ere ya. Na United States, na nkezi, nri na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 1,500 tupu ọ rute na efere. Ahịa nri a na-akụ n'ógbè ahụ nwere ike idozi ụzọ maka mbelata nke nri kilomita, na mmụba nke ọrụ ugbo.[11]

Hụkwa

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  • Mkpịsị ụkwụ gburugburu ebe obibi - echiche yiri ya nke na-anwa ịkọwa ihe mmadụ chọrọ na okike
  • Foodprint - nchịkọta nke mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke nhọrọ nri

Ihe edeturu

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Ebem si dee

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  • (2011-07-07) "If you build it, they may not come". Economist 399 (8741): 31. 
  • Koch, P. (2008). "Helping Students Make Sense of the Global Food System". Science Scope: 37–39. 
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Feagan, R. (February 2007). "The place of food: mapping out the 'local' in local food systems". Progress in Human Geography 31 (1): 23–42. DOI:10.1177/0309132507073527. 
  2. ↑ Walter P. Hedden (1929). How great cities are fed. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company. OCLC 3714302. 
  3. ↑ What is a Foodshed?. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved on 6 April 2011.
  4. ↑ Knapp (1930). "How Great Cities Are Fed. By W. P. Hedden. Boston: D. C. Health & Co, 1929, Pp. 285.". The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago 3 (2): 263–266. DOI:10.1086/232115. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Peters (2008). "Foodshed analysis and its relevance to sustainability". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24: 1–7. DOI:10.1017/s1742170508002433. 
  6. ↑ Vileisis, A. (2008). Kitchen literacy: how we lost knowledge of where food comes from and why we need to get it back. Washington: Island Press/Shearwater Books. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Tippins, M. (2002). "An assessment of direct farm-to-table food marketing in the USA". International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 30 (7): 343–353. DOI:10.1108/09590550210433329. 
  8. ↑ Harper (2003). Food, Society and Environment. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 
  9. ↑ Hayward, G. (2010). "Eat Your Foodshed". Organic Gardening 57 (2): 26–29. 
  10. ↑ DeWeerdt, S (2009). "Is Local Food Better?". World Watch 22 (3): 6. 
  11. ↑ (2011) "Food Miles Movement Fueled by Local Food". Environmental Nutrition 34 (6): 3. 
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