Asụsụ Shilluk

Asụsụ Shilluk
asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nkeWestern Nilotic Dezie
mba/obodoSouth Sudan Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaUpper Nile Dezie
usoro ederedeLatin script Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue5 Na-etolite Dezie

Shilluk (nke a na-akp Dhøg Cøllø ma ọ bụ d̪ɔ́ jayllɔ̀ n'olu ndị nwe ya) bụ asụsụ ndị Shilluk nke South Sudan na Sudan na-asụ.[1] Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Luo ndị ọzọ. Okwu Shilluk bụ ịkpọpụta okwu sitere na Arabic.[2]

Ọmụmụ ụda

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Ụdaume

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N'ihu Central Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ i [i][i̠] [u̠]
N'etiti na [ɛ] na [ɛ̠] ma ọ bụ [o]

ɔ [ɔ] ɔ̠ [ɔ̠]

Emeghe a [a][a̠]

Otu n'ime ụdaume ndị a dịkwa n'ụdị ogologo na ụdị dị ogologo nke bụ phonemic.[3][4]

Mgbọrọgwụ ire dị elu na nke a agbatịrị agbatị

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Shilluk, dịka ọtụtụ asụsụ Nilotic, na-eme ka ụdaume dị iche dabere na ebe ha na-ekwu okwu. A na-akpọ ha ma ọ bụ na-aga n'ihu na mgbọrọgwụ nke ire ma ọ bụ site na ntụgharị nke mgbọrọgwụ ire. Gilley na-eji okwu "ogologo larynx" ma ọ bụ "mkpịsị ụdaume".

Ụdaume nwere ọganihu nke mgbọrọgwụ nke ire bụ [i], [e], [o], [ɔ], [a] na ụdị ogologo ha kwekọrọ. A na-eji macron n'okpuru mkpụrụedemede ahụ egosipụta ụdaume ndị nwere ntụgharị nke mgbọrọgwụ asụsụ ahụ: [i̠], [e̠], [o̠], [ɔ̠], [u̠] na [i̠] na ụdị ogologo ha kwekọrọ.

Mgbochiume

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Ọnụ Ezé ezé Alveolar Akụkụ Akpụkpọ ahụ
Palatal Velar
Kwụsị Enweghị olu p [p] [t̪] t [t] k [k]
Nkwupụta b [b] [d̪] d [d] g [g]
Ihe na-esiri ike s [s]
Africate Enweghị olu c [t͡ʃ]
Nkwupụta j [d͡ʒ]
Ụgbọ imi m [m] [n̪] n [n] ɲ [ɲ] ŋ [ŋ]
Mmiri r [r] l [l]
Ihe atụ w [w] na [j]

Ụdaolu

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Shilluk nwere ọtụtụ ụdaolu, nke nwere ọ dịkarịa ala ụda olu asaa ma ọ bụ ụda olu.[4]

E nwere ọkwa ụdaolu atọ: Ala, Etiti na Elu. Na mgbakwunye, e nwere akụkụ anọ nke Rise na nhazi atọ na-ada ada: Fall, High Fall na Late Fall. A na-egosi ihe ndị a site na akara ngosi ndị a:

Nkọwa ụda Ihe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe na-egosi ihe na-eme n'oge ahụ Ụda ụda
Ọkwa Ala Dị Ala cv̀c (ụda olu siri ike) Ọdịdị
N'etiti cv̄c (macron) Ọdịdị
Elu cv́c (ụda olu dị nkọ) Ọdịdị
Ndị a na-eme ihe nkiri Ịrịgo cv̌c (caron) Ọdịdị
Ịda cv̂c (circumflex) Ọdịdị
Ịda n'elu cv̂́c (circumflex na ụda olu dị egwu) Ọdịdị
Oge Ọdịda cv́c̀ (mkwuwa okwu dị elu na-esote ụda olu dị ala) Ọdịdị

Akwụkwọ edemede

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Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst mepụtara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin maka Shilluk na mmalite narị afọ nke 20.[5] E nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na itoolu na orthography Shilluk; ụdaume iri na ụdaume iri na itoolu.[6]

a á na Ọ bụ n'oge ochie aa b c d dh dhh na bụ Oge ë ee g
ya ì ì Ọ bụ nke abụọ j k l m ng Ọ bụ na ọ bụ na ọ bụghị na ọ bụ nh nhh ny nyy o
ó ö ø oo p r t th u U Ọ bụ naanị uu v w na

Ụdị nke mkpụrụ okwu

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Mkpụrụ okwu ndị a na-agbanwebeghị bụ monosyllabic. Ewezuga ole na ole, mkpụrụ okwu monosyllabic ndị a na-enwekarị mmalite, ụdaume (nucleus), na coda. Udị ha dị ka ndị a:[4]

C (Cj/w) V (V) (V) C

Ụtọ Asụsụ

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Ọdịdị

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Ogwe osisi monosyllabic na-ebute okwu polysyllabic site na usoro nke derivation ma ọ bụ inflection. Maka ngwaa na aha n'otu, prefixes ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ /a- ʊ-/, na suffixes ndị a ma ama bụ /-Cɪ -ɪ -a (-ɔ)/.[4] Ọzọkwa, mgbanwe nke ogologo ụdaume na ụdaolu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọdịdị mgbanwe.[7]

Ngwaa

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Ọdịdị ịngwaa na-agafe agafe

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Ngwaa na-agafe agafe nke Shilluk nwere mgbọrọgwụ phonological nke nwere otu mkpụrụedemede mechiri emechi nke ụdị /C(j/w)V(V)C/. "Nke ahụ bụ, ụdaume mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo, a na-ejikọkwa ụyọkọ ụdaume na mmalite, ebe ọ bụla n'ime ụdaume /w,j/ nwere ike ịgbaso ụdaume ọzọ. "[7] E nwere klas asaa dị iche iche site na mgbanwe n'ihe gbasara ogologo ụdaume na ụdaolu

Ọdịiche dị na ụdaolu na ogologo ụdaume n'etiti klas asaa nke ngwaa na-agafe agafe, nke gosipụtara site na olu Subject Past, Past 2nd singular, na olu Object Imperfective.[7]
Ngwaa

klas

Nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi Obere na akara Ogologo oge
Ala Dị Ala Ọdịda dị ala Ala Dị Ala Ọdịda dị ala Ala Dị Ala Ọdịda dị ala Nnukwu ọdịda
Ihe Nlereanya [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọchịchịrị [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
SV gara aga Onye Kraịst á-lɛŋ á-càm á-mʌ̂l N'elu á-mâat̪ Ọchịchị
2sg gara aga Onye Kraịst á-lɛŋ á-càaam á-mʌl Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ á-mâaat̪ Ọ na-eme ihe na-eme
OV impf Ndị Kraịst ʊ̀-lɛ̂ŋ-ɔ̀ ʊ̀-càaam-ɔ̀ ʊ̀-mʌ̂ʌl-ɔ̀ Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka a na-akpọ ʊ̀-mâaat̪-ɔ̀ Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya

A na-eji akara isi mara mgbanwe aha: ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ewu ewu bụ mgbanwe abụọ na-egosi isi, ọ bụghị onye na-adabere na ya. Iji maatụ, Bekee nwere oke mmadụ, ebe isi bụ oke na akara nke onye na-adabere na ya. N'ụzọ dị iche, Shilluk nwere ihe na-emetụta ya n'isi (dịka, dúup = "mkpu", dû́uup = "mmkpu nke").[8]

A na-akara ọnụ ọgụgụ mana ọ nweghị usoro a na-ahụ anya. Kama nke ahụ, e nwere ihe karịrị 140 dị iche iche usoro akara nọmba na aha.[8]

Nọmba a ọbụ ọnụ ọgụ na Shilluk bụ aha.[8]

Ihe odide ihe nlereanya

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Edensibia

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  1. Chollo (Dhøg Cøllø). openroad.net.au. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved on 26 March 2015.
  2. Gilley (1992). in Summer Institute of Linguistics: An autosegmental approach to Shilluk phonology, 214. ISBN 0-88312-106-9. 
  3. Miller (2001). "Evidence for ergativity in Shilluk". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 22 (1): 33–68. DOI:10.1515/jall.22.1.33. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Remijsen (2011). "Illustrations of the IPA – Shilluk". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41 (1). DOI:10.1017/s0025100310000289. 
  5. Shilluk language and pronunciation. www.omniglot.com. Retrieved on 2017-05-29.
  6. Cøllø (aka Shilluk) Dictionary » Alphabet (en-US). shilluk.webonary.org. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved on 2017-05-29.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Remijsen (2018-10-22). LD&C SP14: A Descriptive Grammar of Shilluk (en-US). Language Documentation & Conservation. Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved on 2020-12-24.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Remijsen (2017). Shilluk noun morphology and noun phrase morphosyntax. Research gate.