Asụsụ Lele (Chad)
Lele bụ asụsụ East Chadic a na-asụ na mpaghara Tandjilé, na ngalaba Tandjilée Ouest, n'ebe ndịda Kélo . [1]
| Lele | |
|---|---|
| A mụrụ ya | Chad |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
(26,000 e depụtara na 1991) [1] |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | lln
|
| Glottolog | lele1276
|
- ↑ Lele at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
dezieMkpụrụedemede
dezieLele nwere ụdaume ise dị n'okpuru. Mkpụrụedemede dị n'etiti dị ala karịa n'etiti. [2] niile nwere ike ịnwe ogologo ọdịiche.
E nwere ụfọdụ asymmetries na ndepụta ụdaume Lele.
Asụsụ
dezieAha
dezieAha [2] nke nwoke ma ọ bụ nke nwanyị, mana enweghị akara ọdịdị nke okike na aha.:: 55 A na-ahụ ọdịiche a naanị na usoro nkwekọrịta (okike zoro ezo). Naanị obere aha ka a na-akara maka ọtụtụ: nnukwu anụmanụ, okwu ikwu na ihe ole na ole na-adịghị ndụ. [2] na-akara aha dị iche iche n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche gụnyere nsonaazụ /-e/ ma ọ bụ /-anyị/ na infix /-a-/ .[2]:: 56 E nwere aha atọ nwere ụdị ọtụtụ na-adịghị mma: "nwaanyị", "hen" na "onye".: 58
E nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe a na-apụghị iwepụ na ihe a na'apụghị iwepu na ahịrịokwu aha. N'ihe onwunwe a na-apụghị ịnapụ mmadụ, a na-eji nsonaazụ na aha na-egosi onye nwe ya (nsonaazụ nkwekọrịta onye nwe ya). [2]'ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe a na-apụghị ịnapụ mmadụ ihe niile, a na-edepụta onye nwe ya site na okwu nnọchiaha na-esote aha.: 61
Ngwaa
dezieUsoro ọnọdụ-ọdịdị-ọnọdụ na-agụnye ụdị okwu anọ a na-akpọ "oge gara aga", "ọdịnihu", "aha" na "ihe dị mkpa". Ụdị "nke gara aga" na-enwekarị ụdaume /i/. Ụdị "ọdịnihu" na "aha" nwere ụdaume ikpeazụ /e/. A na-ekewa ha n'etiti onwe ha site na ụda dị elu na nkeji okwu mbụ nke ụdị "ọdịnihu". Ụdị imperative [2]-enwekarị ụdaume /a/ ma ọ bụ /u/ .: 44
Ụfọdụ ngwaa nwekwara ụdị otutu nke a na-egosi site na nsonaazụ /-wi/ ma ọ bụ ụdaume mbido. [2] ọtụtụ nke ngwaa nwere ike igosi ọtụtụ ihe omume, ọtụtụ isiokwu na-adịghị agafe agafe, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe.:: 164 ">: 124 Verbs nwekwara ike ịgbanwe site na adverbs, gụnyere klas nke ideophones, [2]: 164 site na akara "ventive" (nke sitere na ngwaa "na-abịa") na-esote ngwaa, ma ọ bụ akara "inceptive" (nke si na ngwaa ""hapụ") na-ebute ngwaa.
Aha nnọchiaha
dezieUsoro ntụaka ahụ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'ụzọ iri. A na-ekewapụta nwoke na nwanyị na nnọchiaha nke abụọ na nke atọ. Onye mbụ na-abụghị otu nnọchiaha gụnyere ụdị abụọ na-agụnye, ụdị ọtụtụ na-agụpụta, na ụdị ọtụtụ. Ụdị ọnụọgụgụ [2] nnọchiaha bimorphemic nke jikọtara ụdị ọnụọgụ abụọ nke onye mbụ na ụdị ọnụọụọgụ nke onye nke abụọ.: 100
Usoro okwu
dezieN'okwu na-anọpụ iche, arụmụka aha na-apụta n'usoro okwu SVO. Otú ọ dị, nnọchiaha onye nke atọ na-agbaso ngwaa.
Edensibia
dezieabụghị otu nnọchiaha gụnyere ụdị abụọ na-agụnye, ụdị ọtụtụ na-agụpụta, na ụdị ọtụtụ. Ụdị ọnụọgụgụTempleeti:East Chadic languages
Akwụkwọ
dezie- Cope, Pamela Simons. 1993. Ọtụtụ n'ime Lele. JWAL 23 (1)
- Cope, Pamela Simons na Donald A. Burquest. 1986. Ụfọdụ okwu banyere nasalization na Lele. JWAL 16 (2)
- Cope (2010). Dictionnaire lélé-français : suivi d'un index français-lélé. Essai de description lexicale de la langue tchadique parlée dans la région de Kélo, Tchad, Nicolas Quint (in fr), Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-10335-1. OCLC 608164729.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1995. Abụọ complementizers na Lele. Na Ibriszimow, Dymitr na Leger, Rudolf (ed.), Studia chadica na hamitosemitica: Akten des internationalen Symposions zur Tschadsprachenforschung Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 6.-8. Mee 1991, 163-170. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2001. Asụsụ Lele. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1942. Nnyocha dị mkpirikpi nke asụsụ Lélé na olumba Nantchoa. Beirut: Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Katọlik. 197 peeji nke
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1951. Ọnụ ọgụgụ na okike n'asụsụ Lélé. N'ime Akụkọ nke nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ nke ndị Africa ọdịda anyanwụ, Dakar 1945, 197-208. Dakar: Inst. Ndị France nke Africa ojii (IFAN).
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1982. Nwaanyị na-egosi na Lele: ihe owuwu oghere. Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Africa 13. 217-229.