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Aline Griffith, Countess nke Romanones

 

María Aline Griffith (y) Dexter, Countess nke Romanones (22 Mee 1923 - 11 Disemba 2017) bụ onye America a mụrụ Spanish aristocrat, socialite, na onye edemede rụrụ ọrụ na US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na mgbe e mesịrị. maka CIA dị ka onye nledo. Nwunye nke Luis Figueroa y Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno, onye Spanish, ọ bụ ezigbo enyi ndị isi ụwa na ndị a ma ama gụnyere Nancy Reagan, Jacqueline Kennedy, na Audrey Hepburn.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

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Aline Griffith mụrụ na 22 Mee 1923 na Pearl River, New York, ọkpara n'ime ụmụaka isii.[1] Nna ya bụ William Griffith, onye mkpuchi na onye na-ere ụlọ na nne ya bụ Marie Griffith (née Dexter), kwenyere na o sitere na ndị pilgrim..[1]

[2][3]

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji nke Ugwu Saint Vincent site na nzere na akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na akwụkwọ akụkọ, Hattie Carnegie goro Griffith dị ka ihe nlereanya na Manhattan.[1] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nlereanya mgbe, n'August 1943, ohere zutere na nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Manhattan dugara n'ọrụ Griffith n'ime Office of Strategic Services (OSS), ụlọ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi e hiwere ọhụrụ na onye na-ebute Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). [4]

Dị ka onye a na-akpọbata, e zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nledo America dị nso na Langley, Virginia - ebe obibi nke CIA n'ọdịnihu.[5] Griffith na otu nwanyị ọzọ so n'ime ndị ikom 30 tachiri obi na usoro ọzụzụ ọnwa atọ nke malitere kwa ụbọchị n'elekere 7:30 nke ụtụtụ.[5] Griffith mụtara usoro nledo dị iche iche dị ka ịgba égbè na égbè, ịpụ na parachute site na ụgbọelu, na ịmata koodu na disguises.[5]  N'ịkwadebe maka ijide na ịta ahụhụ, otu ahụ na-aṅụ ọgwụ placebo nke a maara dị ka "L pill" [5]

Mgbe ọzụzụ ya gasịrị, e zigara Griffith na Madrid dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọrụ iri na abụọ na-eme ka ndị ọrụ nke American Oil Mission, nke rere mmanụ na Spain.[5] Otú ọ dị, ezi ọrụ ya bụ iji koodu na ịkọwa ozi ndị gafere n'ọfịs ahụ na iwebata ụmụ nwanyị maka agbụl nzuzo iji soro ebe ndị Nazi nọ.[5] Griffith kọrọ ahụmahụ ya n'oge a n'akwụkwọ ya, "The Spy Wore Red.”[5]

A kọwara ọrụ nledo ya n'akwụkwọ Elizabeth McIntosh, Sisterhood of Spies, Griffith "malite na Madrid na ụlọ koodu X-2 na 1943 ... na-ejikwa obere net onye na-enyocha odeakwụkwọ onwe onye nke onye minista na gọọmentị Spain. " [6] McIntosh gara n'ihu, na-akọwa oge ya mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ, "ọ [Griffith] zụlitere ndụ ọha na eze sara mbara, na-akọrọ akụkọ banyere asịrị ọ nụrụ mgbe otu abalị nke nnọkọọ, mgbe mgbe ọ na-esote, mgbe mgbe mgbe mgbe ọ nwesịrị. "[and][6]

Ndụ onwe onye

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N'afọ 1947, Aline Griffith lụrụ Luis Figueroa y Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (1918-1987), onye nwere utu aha Count of Quintanilla. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ bụ nwa nwa Álvaro de Figueroa, onye ọchịchị jere ozi dị ka praịm minista nke Spain.[7]

  • Don Álvaro de Figueroa y Griffith, 10th Count of Quintanilla, 4th Count of Romanones (amụrụ na 21 Febụwarị 1949), lụrụ Lucila Domecq Williams.[7]
  • Don Luis de Figueroa y Griffith, 11th Count of Quintanilla, (amụrụ na 5 February 1950), lụrụ adaeze Theresia zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, ma mesịa, lụọ María Inés Bárbara Márquez y Osorio.[7]
  • Don Miguel de Figueroa y Griffith, lụrụ Magdalena Carral Cuevas, na mgbe e mesịrị, Cristina Moratiel Llarena. [7]

Di na nwunye ahụ mechara bụrụ Count na Countess nke Romanones mgbe nna nna di ya, Álvaro de Figueroa nwụrụ.[8]

Ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ

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Aline Griffith kwagara n'etiti ụlọ ya na Madrid, New York, na Pascualete, ala obodo ya dị n'ime ime obodo nke Spain nke Caceres, nke bụ nke ezinụlọ di ya na nke o ji nlezianya weghachi.[9] A maara Griffith maka oriri na ọṅụṅụ ụlọ ya, nke ọtụtụ ndị isi ụwa na ndị ama ama, gụnyere Ronald na Nancy Reagan, Donald Trump, Jacqueline Kennedy, Duchess of Alba, Duchess nke Windsor, Baron Guy de Rothschild, Salvador Dalí, Ava Gardner, Audrey Hepburn, na Grace Kelly bịara.[9]

Griffith nọrọkwa oge na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri.[1] Na 2009, Griffith nyeere aka nka Garbo: The Spy[1] akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara Juan Pujol, onye nnọchi anya abụọ Spanish nke kwadoro Britain n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ. A gbara ọtụtụ mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ maka ọrụ ahụ, n'ime ha bụ Aline Griffith, Nigel West (aha ụgha nke ọkachamara ọgụgụ isi Rupert Allason ji mee ihe), ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Mark Seaman, onye nta akụkọ nyocha Xavier Vinader, na onye isi mgbaka Stan Vranckx..[10]

A makwaara Griffith maka nchịkọta ya dị oké ọnụ ahịa.[11] Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ndụ Griffith, ọ họọrọ ire ere ihe olu, brọsh, na ọla ntị na-egosi emeralds, diamond na ruby.[12]

N'ọtụtụ ndekọ, a kọwara Countess dị ka onye na-ewe iwe ọsọ ọsọ nwere àgwà ọjọọ.[1] Na June 2017, akwụkwọ akụkọ New Yorker bipụtara "Onye odeakwụkwọ nzuzo nke Countess" nke Jennifer Egan dere, nke bụ ihe ngosi nke Countess na omume ya..[13]

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

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Griffith bipụtara akwụkwọ asaa; akwụkwọ isii na-abụghị akụkọ ifo na otu akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo. Akwụkwọ ndị nledo atọ ahụ niile na-ekwu maka itinye aka ya na nledo na ọgụgụ isi.

  • The Spy Wore Red [1] (1988): akwụkwọ mbụ na usoro Griffith's Spy, na-ekpuchi oge ya dị ka Onye Nledo n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.
  • The Spy Went Dancing (1991): akwụkwọ nke abụọ na usoro Griffith's Spy, na-eso nloghachi Griffith n'ụwa ndị nledo ebe ọ na-arịọ enyemaka nke Duchess nke Windsor iji kpughee atụmatụ nzuzo nke ndị Nazi.
  • The Spy Wore Silk (1991): akwụkwọ ikpeazụ na usoro Griffith's Spy, na-akọ akụkọ ọrụ ikpeazụ Griffith dị ka Onye Nledo, n'oge ọ na-ekpughe nkata aghụghọ na Morocco iji gbuo Eze Hassan nke Abụọ.
  • The History of Pascualete: The Earth Rests Lightly (1964): akwụkwọ kwụụrụ onwe ya, na-ekpuchi akụkọ banyere mmezigharị Griffith nke Pascualete, ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.[14]
  • An American in Spain (1980): akwụkwọ kwụụrụ onwe ya, na-ekpuchi usoro mweghachi nke ala Spanish nke di ya. [15]
  • The Well-Mannered Assassin (1994): akwụkwọ nledo mbụ nke Griffith, dabere na ahụmịhe nke ya dị ka onye nledo nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.
  • El fin de una era (2010): akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke na-enye nghọta banyere ndụ Aline Griffith na oge ọ biri na ya, na nkọwa gbasara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere mmetụta, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, na akụkụ mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị nke oge ahụ.[16]

Arụmụka

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E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu banyere izi ezi nke nkọwa Romanones banyere ọrụ ya maka OSS na CIA na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. O doro anya na ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ nzuzo maka OSS na Madrid n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mana ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Rupert Allason, na-ede n'okpuru aha mkpịsị aka "Nigel West", na-ekwu na "ihe ndekọ ya a na-eche na ọ bụ eziokwu [nke ọrụ nledo ya] bụ akụkọ ifo kpamkpam". [17] N'afọ 1991, Women'afọ 1991, akwụkwọ akụkọ Women's Wear Daily kọrọ na ọ weghachiri faịlụ OSS ya na National Archives wee chọpụta na Romanones "mere ka ọ bụrụ onye nledo America". Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, ọ malitere dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ koodu wee banye n'ọrụ nzuzo dị ala nke gụnyere ịkọ akụkọ gbasara asịrị na-agbasa n'etiti ndị isi obodo Spain; ọ dịghị ihe a kpọtụrụ ya aha ịgba nwoke ma ọ bụ inye aka n'ịkughe onye ọrụ abụọ, dịka akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Spy Wore Red, na-ekwu. Romanones zaghachiri ebubo ahụ n'ajụjụ ọnụ Los Angeles Times na Machị 1991: "Akụkọ m niile dabere n'eziokwu. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume na nkọwa ọ bụla nke ọrụ ọ bụla m mere ga-adị na faịlụ. " Women's Wear Daily kwukwara mkpesa nke onye ọrụ nzuzo na-amaghị aha ya na akwụkwọ ncheta nke abụọ Romanones na-enye echiche na-eduhie eduhie na ya na ya na Duchess nke Windsor naanị ya chọtara CIA mgbe "o were CIA dum afọ abụọ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 ka ha" Romanones zara anyị mee ya.[18]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Roberts. "Model, Countess, Author, Spy: Aline Griffith Is Dead", The New York Times, 2017-12-15. Retrieved on 2023-04-24. (in en-US)
  2. ↑ The Countess of Romanones Commands a Dazzling Cast in Her Second Memoir of Espionage, the Spy Went Dancing. People (7 May 1990). Retrieved on 14 December 2017.
  3. ↑ Dexter Griffith Obituary - Westchester, NY | The Journal News. Legacy.com.
  4. ↑ Hodgson. 'The Princess Spy' Review: A Model Operative (en-US). WSJ. Retrieved on 2023-04-24.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Lacher (1991-03-10). A Woman of Mystery : Espionage: Countess Aline Romanones has written no less than three books about her exploits as a spy. But skeptics keep asking: Is she all she says she is? (en-US). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2023-04-24. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 McIntosh (1998). Sisterhood of Spies. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591145141. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 María Aline Griffiths Dexter profile. Geneall. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "geneall2" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Collection of articles about and photographs of the Countess (es). Cotilleando. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved on 14 December 2017.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Nieto. "Muere Aline Griffith, condesa de Romanones, periodista y espía", El País, 12 December 2017. Retrieved on 13 December 2017. (in es)
  10. ↑ Garbo: The Spy. IMDb. Retrieved on 18 November 2011.
  11. ↑ Countess Alina de Romanones (Marie Aline Griffith) Precious Jewels To Be Auctioned. Batangas Today (28 April 2011).
  12. ↑ Sotheby's to auction American WWII spy's jewels (en-US). San Diego Union-Tribune (2011-04-27). Retrieved on 2023-04-24.
  13. ↑ Àtụ:Cite magazine
  14. ↑ THE HISTORY OF PASCUALETE (en-US). Countess of Romanones. Retrieved on 2023-04-24.
  15. ↑ American Spain by Aline Griffith Countess Romanones - AbeBooks (en). www.abebooks.com. Retrieved on 2023-04-24.
  16. ↑ Goodreads (en). Goodreads. Retrieved on 2023-04-24.
  17. ↑ West (22 January 2009). West, Nigel. Historical Dictionary of Sexpionage. Scarecrow Press. 2009. P. 326. ISBN 9780810862876. 
  18. ↑ Lacher (10 March 1991). A Woman of Mystery: Espionage: Countess Aline Romanones has written no less than three books about her exploits as a spy. But skeptics keep asking: Is she all she says she is?. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 5 April 2011.
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