Ụlọ ọrụ nri
Ụlọ ọrụ nri bụ netwọk dị mgbagwojụ anya, zuru ụwa ọnụ nke azụmaahịa dị iche iche nke n'enye ọtụtụ nri ndị mmadụ n'eri. Ụlọ ọrụ nri taa aghọwo ihe dịgasị iche iche, na mmepụta sitere n'obere, ọdịnala, ọrụ ezinụlọ nke n'arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu, na nnukwu, nnukwu ego na usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nri n'adabere kpamkpam na ọrụ ugbo, Ugbo anụmanụ, mmepụta, na / ma ọ bụ ịkụ azụ.
Ọ bụ ihe ịma aka ịchọta ụzọ n'agụnye iji kpuchie akụkụ niile nke mmepụta na ire nri. Ụlọ ọrụ ọkọlọtọ nrị nke UK kọwara ya dị ka "ụlọ ọrụ nri dum - site na ọrụ ugbo Nri mmepụta nri, nkwakọ ngwa ahịa na nkesa, na ire ere na nri".[1] Ọrụ nyocha akụ na ụba nke USDA n'eji okwu Usoro nri akọwa otu ihe ahụ, n'ekwu, sị: "Ụzọ nri US bụ netwọk dị mgbagwojụ anya nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị n'ejikọta ha. Njikọ ndị ahụ gụnyere ndị n'emepụta ngwá ọrụ ugbo ya na kemịkal ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ n'enye ọrụ ugbo ọrụ, dị ka ndị n'enye njem na ọrụ ego. Usoro ahụ gụnyekwara ụlọ ọrụ ahịa nri n'ejikarị nri na ndị n'azụ ahịa, nke gụnyere ndị na ndị na ndị ọrụ nri, ndị n'edozi nri, ndị ahịa, ndị na ndị niile, ndị na ha, ndị na ụlọ ọrụ n'ere ha, ndị ahịa n'ere ahịa, n'ere nri. " [2]
Mpaghara nnyocha dị ka food grading, food preservation, food rheology, food storage n'eleba anya na ịdịmma na mmezi nke ịdị mma n'ekpuchi ọtụtụ n'ime usoro ndị a dị n'elu.
Naanị ndị ọrụ ugbo n'ebi ndụ, ndị n'adị ndụ na ihe ha n'akụ, na ndị n'achụ nta na ndị n'achịkọta ihe nwere ike iwere n'abụghị nke ụlọ ọrụ nri nke oge a.
A n'akpọ ụlọ ọrụ ndị kachasị na ụlọ ọrụ nri nnukwu nrị mgbe ụfọdụ, okwu nke onye edemede Neil Hamilton chepụtara. [3] [4][5]
Nri na-emepụta
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Ọtụtụ nri a n'emepụta maka ụlọ ọrụ nri n'abịa site na ihe ọkụkụ n'eji usoro ọrụ ugbo. Ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro nke imepụta nri, inye nri, eriri na ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ achọrọ site n'ịzụlite osisi ụfọdụ na ịzụlite anụ ụlọ (ụmụ anụ ụlọ). Na nkezi, a n'emepụta 83% nke nri ụmụ mmadụ n'eri site na iji ọrụ ugbo ala.Na mgbakwụnye na ọrụ ugbo ala, aquaculture na ịkụ azụ n'arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta nri zuru ụwa ọnụ. Aquaculture n'agụnye ịzụlite ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri dị ka azụ, shrịmp na mollusks na gburugburu ebe a n'achịkwa dị ka ọdọ mmiri, tankị, ma ọ bụ ụlọ. Ọ n'enye aka nke ukwuu na nri mmiri nke ụwa ma n'enye ihe dị mkpa nke protein maka oriri mmadụ. Ịkụ azụ, n'aka nke ọzọ, n'adabere n'iwepụta ụdị mmiri ọhịa site n'oké osimiri, osimiri, na ọdọ mmiri, na-eme ka ihe oriri dị iche iche dị iche iche maka ndị mmadụ na ịkwado ndụ na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ụwa niile. N'ozuzu, ọrụ ugbo ala, aquaculture, na ịkụ azụ n'ozuzu ha n'ahụ maka nri dịgasị iche iche na nke zuru oke iji gboo mkpa nri nke ndị mmadụ n'ụwa niile.[6] Ihe oriri ndị ọzọ gụnyere aquaculture na ịkụ azụ.[6]
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị mepụtara ihe, na ndị ọzọ raara onwe ha nye imeziwanye usoro ọrụ ugbo na ngwá ọrụ n'arụ ọrụ ugbo. Otu onye n'ime mmadụ atọ n'ụwa niile n'arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ugbo, [7] mana ọ n'enye naanị 3% na GDP zuru ụwa ọnụ. [8] N'afọ 2017, na nkezi, ọrụ ugbo n'enye 4% nke GDP mba.[6] Mmepụta ọrụ ugbo zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ahụ maka n'etiti 14 na 28% nke ikuku n'ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa, n'eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị kachasị enye aka na okpomọkụ ụwa, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi omume ọrụ ugbo, gụnyere fatịlaịza nitrogen na nlekọta ala n'adịghị mma.[6]
Agronomy bụ sayensị na teknụzụ nke imepụta na iji osisi maka nri, mmanụ, eriri, na mkpocha ala. Agronomy n'agụnye ọrụ na mpaghara nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa osisi, physiology osisi, meteorology, na sayensị ala. Agronomy bụ itinye n'ọrụ ngwakọta sayensị. Ndị ọkà mmụta ọrụ ugbo taa n'etinye aka n'ọtụtụ okwu gụnyere imepụta nri, ịmepụta nri dị mma, ijikwa Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo, na iwepụta ike site na osisi.[9]
Nhazi nri
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Nhazi nri gụnyere usoro na usoro eji agbanwe ihe ndị a n'esighị esi n'ime nri maka oriri mmadụ. Nhazi nri n'ewe ihe dị ọcha, nke a n'ewepụta ma ọ bụ nke a na egbu egbu na nke a na anaghị egbu egbu ma jiri ha mepụta ngwa ahịa nri a n'ere ere. E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche e si emepụta nri.
Mmepụta otu ugboro: A n'eji usoro a eme ihe mgbe ndị ahịa n'eme iwu maka ihe a ga-eme na nkọwa nke ha, dịka ọmụmaatụ, achịcha agbamakwụkwọ. Imepụta ngwa ahịa otu ugboro nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ ụbọchị dabere n'otú imewe ahụ si dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ngwakọta mmepụta: A n'eji usoro a eme ihe mgbe oke ahịa maka ngwa ahịa doro anya, na ebe enwere ọnụọgụ n'ime akara ngwaahịa. A g'emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ nke otu ngwongwo ahụ iji mepụta otu ma ọ bụ ọsọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ọrụ n'eme achịcha nwere ike isi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke cupcakes. Usoro a n'agụnye ịtụle ọchịchọ ndị ahịa.
Mmepụta buru ibu: A n'eji usoro a eme ihe mgbe enwere ahịa buru ịbụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ngwa ahịa ndị yiri ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ chocolate bars, nri dị njikere na Nri a na-etinye n'ime ite. Ngwa ahịa ahụ n'agafe site n'otu ọkwa nke mmepụta gaa na nke ọzọ n'usoro mmepụta.
Just-in-time (JIT) (mepụta): A n'ejikarị usoro mmepụta a eme ihe na Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Akụkụ niile nke ngwa ahịa ahụ dị n'ime ụlọ ma onye ahịa n'ahọrọ ihe ha chọrọ na ngwa ahịa ahụ. A n'akwadebe ya na Kichin, ma ọ bụ n'ihu onye zụrụ ya dị ka ihe oriri sandwich, pizzeria, na sushi bars.
Mmetụta ụlọ ọrụ
dezieỤlọ ọrụ nri nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ịzụ ahịa. A katọrọ òtù, dị ka The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), maka ịnabata onyinye ego site n'ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nri, dị ka Coca-Cola.[10] A katọrọ onyinye ndị a maka ịmepụta esemokwu nke ọdịmma na ịkwado ọdịmma dị ka uru ego.[10]
Nkatọ
dezieEnwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ihe nkiri, ihe onyonyo na webụ ihe mkpughe na nkatọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nri, gụnyere:asa ozi
dezie- ↑ Industry. Food Standards Agency (UK). Archived from the original on 2012-06-05. Retrieved on 2010-12-09.
- ↑ Food market structures: Overview. Economic Research Service (USDA).
- ↑ Sue Booth (19 February 2015). Food Democracy: From consumer to food citizen. Springer, 3–. ISBN 978-981-287-423-8.
- ↑ Gray, Allison (1 October 2019). A Handbook of Food Crime: Immoral and Illegal Practices in the Food Industry and What to Do About Them. Policy Press, 371–. ISBN 978-1-4473-5628-8.
- ↑ Stuckler (19 June 2012). "Big Food, Food Systems, and Global Health" (in en). PLOS Medicine 9 (6): e1001242. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001242. ISSN 1549-1676. PMID 22723746.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mbow (2019). "Chapter 5: Food Security", Àtụ:Harvnb. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Labour. FAO.org. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on 15 May 2015.
- ↑ Macroeconomy. FAO.org. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on 15 May 2015.
- ↑ I'm An Agronomist!. Imanagronomist.net. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved on 2 May 2013.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Brody (1 August 2016). "Professional medical organizations and commercial conflicts of interest: ethical issues". Annals of Family Medicine 8 (4): 354–358. DOI:10.1370/afm.1140. ISSN 1544-1717. PMID 20644191.