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Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke kọfị

Kọfị bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ a ma ama na ihe dị mkpa. Ọtụtụ iri nde obere ndị n'emepụta ihe na mba ndị n'emepe emepe n'ebi ndụ ha n'akụ kọfị. A n'aṅụ ihe karịrị ijeri iko kọfị 2.25 n'ụwa kwa ụbọchị. Ihe karịrị pasent 90 nke Mmepụta kọfị n'ewere ọnọdụ na Mba ndị na-emepe emepe - ọkachasị mba America - ebe oriri n'ewere ya n'akụ n'ụba mepere emepe. E nwere nde mmadụ iri abụọ na ise n'emepụta kọfị maka ndụ n'ụwa niile. Na mba Brazil, ebe a n'emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke kọfị ụwa, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise n'arụ ọrụ n'ịkọ ugbo na owuwe ihe ubi nke ihe karịrị ijeri osisi kọfị atọ; ọ bụ omenala n'arụsi ọrụ ike karịa omenala ndị ọzọ nke otu mpaghara ahụ, dị ka okpete ma ọ bụ ehi, ebe ọ bụ na a na-azụ ya anaghị arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya, n'achọ nlebara mmadụ anya ugboro ugboro.

Kofi
Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ochie nke Trieste ebe a n'ejikwa ọtụtụ kọfị maka Central Europe ogologo oge

Kọfị bụ nnukwu ngwa ahịa mbupụ ma bụrụkwa ihe kachasị mma maka mba iri na abụọ n'afọ 2004; nke asaa kachasị mma n'ụwa, site na uru, n'afọ 2005; na "ihe nke abụọ kachasị ọnụ ahịa nke mba ndị n'emepe emepe n'ebupụ, site n'afọ 1970 ruo n'ihe dị ka afọ 2000, [1] nke a n'ekwukarị - lee Ahịa kọfị. [2][3][4] A n'ere kọfị a na-esighị esi, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, otu n'ime ngwa ahịa ugbo a n'ere ahịa n'ụwa; a n'azụ ahịa ahụ na Nkwekọrịta n'ọdịnihu n'ọtụtụ mgbanwe, gụnyere New York Board of Trade, New York Mercantile Exchange, New York Intercontinental Exchange.[5] Ebe azụm ahịa na nhazi dị mkpa maka kọfị na mba Europe bụ Hamburg na Trieste.

Top Ten Green Coffee Producers – 2011

(millions of metric tons)
Templeeti:BRA 2.70
Templeeti:VNM 1.28
Templeeti:IDN 0.63
Templeeti:COL 0.47
Templeeti:IND 0.40
Templeeti:ETH 0.37
Templeeti:PER 0.33
Templeeti:HON 0.28
Templeeti:MEX 0.25
Templeeti:GTM 0.24
World Total 8.46
Source:

UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Ọ dịkarịa ala nde ezinụlọ 20 ruo 25 gburugburu ụwa n'ebi ndụ site n'ịkụ kọfị. N'inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ nke mmadụ ise, ihe karịrị 100 nde mmadụ n'adabere na kọfị. A tụpụtara ngụkọta nke nde tọn kọfị 10.3 n'ụwa niile n'afọ 2018.[6]

N'afọ 2016, mbupụ kọfị zụrụ ụwa ọnụ bụ ijeri $ 19.4. Kọfị abụghị ngwa ahịa azụmahịa nke abụọ kachasị mkpa n'ụwa mgbe mmanụ ala gasịrị, mana ọ bụ ngwa ahịa azụm ahịa nke abuo kachasị mkpa nke mba ndị n'emepe emepe na-ebupụ. Maka mba ụfọdụ dị ka East Timor, nke a bụ naanị ihe mbupụ kwesịrị ịkọwa. Ahịa kọfị n'agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu: dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha si na ijeri dollar US 14 N'afọ 1986 daa rụo ijeri dollar United States 4.9 n'afọ nsogbụ 2001/2002. Ihe a a na-akpọ nsogbu kọfị were ọtụtụ afọ, na-akpata ihe ndị n'emepụta kọfị n'ụwa niile.[7]

N'afọ 2009, mba Brazil bụ onye ndu ụwa na mmepụta kọfị n'acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mba Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia na Ethiopia sochiri.[8] A n'akụ akụ Arabica na Latin Amerika, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka, Arabịa, ma ọ bụ Eshịa. A n'akụ mkpụrụ osisi kọfị Robusta n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'etiti Afrịka, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na Brazil.[9]

A na-ahụ àgwà ndị sitere na mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara dị iche iche site na ọdịiche dị na ụtọ, ísì, ahụ, acidity na girth (ọdịdị) [10] Njirimara ụtọ ndị a na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara kọfị na-eto eto, kamakwa na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (ụdị dị iche iche) na nhazi. A maara ụdị dị iche iche site na mpaghara ebe a na-eto ha, dị ka Colombian, Java na Kona.

Nri

dezie

Nri kọfị zuru ụwa ọnụ dịgasị iche site na ụdị, ebe Arabica na Robusta [11] bụ ndị kachasị ewu ewu. Arabic, nke a maara maka ụtọ ya dị nro na obere caffeine, na-achịkwa ahịa, na-eme ihe dị ka 60% nke oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ. Robusta, nke a n'ahọrọ maka ụtọ ya siri ike na caffeine dị elu, mejupụtara ihe dị ka 40% nke ahịa. A n'eri ọka ndị pụrụ iche dị ka Liberica[12] na Excelsa[13] obere oge mana a n'eji ha akpọrọ ihe maka ụtọ ha pụrụ iche. Omụme na-egosi mmasị na-arịwanye elụ na ọka pụrụ iche na otu mmalite, nke n'akpali site na mmegharị kọfị pụrụ iche na ọchịchọ ndị ahịa maka ahụmịhe kọfị dị iche. Maka ozi zuru ezu gbasara kọfị, gaa Words Journey, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a raara nye naanị isiokwu kọfị.

Dị ka Composite Index nke otu mba na-ebupụ kọfị nke dị na London International Coffee Organization si kwuo, ọnụahịa kọfị kwa ọnwa na azụmaahịa mba ụwa karịrị 1000 US cent / lb n'oge 1920s na 1980s, mana ọ gbadatara na ngwụcha afọ 1990s ruo na Septemba 2001 nke naanị 417 US cent kwa lb ma nọrọ ala ruo 2004. Ihe kpatara mbelata a gụnyere ọdịda nke nkwekọrịta kọfị mba ụwa nke 1962-1989 [14] na nrụgide Agha Nzuzo, nke nwere ọnụahịa kọfị kacha nta na US $ 1.20 kwa pound.

  1. ↑ Talbot (2004). Grounds for Agreement: The Political Economy of the Coffee Commodity Chain. Rowman & Littlefield. “So many people who have written about coffee have gotten it wrong. Coffee is not the second most valuable primary commodity in world trade, as is often stated. [...] It is not the second most traded commodity, a nebulous formulation that occurs repeatedly in the media. Coffee is the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries.” 
  2. ↑ Pendergrast (April 2009). "Coffee: Second to Oil?". Tea & Coffee Trade Journal: 38–41. Retrieved on 27 May 2014. 
  3. ↑ Pendergrast (1999). Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03631-8. 
  4. ↑ FAOSTAT Core Trade Data (commodities/years). FAO Statistics Division (2007). Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved on 24 October 2007. To retrieve export values: Select the "commodities/years" tab. Under "subject", select "Export value of primary commodity." Under "country," select "World." Under "commodity," hold down the shift key while selecting all commodities under the "single commodity" category. Select the desired year and click "show data." A list of all commodities and their export values will be displayed.
  5. ↑ Mussatto (2011). "Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues". Food and Bioprocess Technology 4 (5): 661–72. DOI:10.1007/s11947-011-0565-z. 
  6. ↑ Fernando E. Vega, Eric Rosenquist, Wanda Collins: Global project needed to tackle coffee crisis. In: Nature. (425/6956) 2003, p 343.
  7. ↑ Mark Pendergrast: Coffee second only to oil? Is coffee really the second largest commodity? In: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal. April 2009.
  8. ↑ Coffee: World Markets and Trade. Foreign Agricultural Service Office of Global Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture (December 2009). Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved on 26 March 2010.
  9. ↑ Botanical Aspects. International Coffee Organization. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved on 4 January 2010.
  10. ↑ Davids (2001). Coffee: A Guide to Buying Brewing and Enjoying, 5th, New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-24665-5. 
  11. ↑ Habib (2024-06-27). Robusta Coffee Beans: Benefits, History, and Brewing Tips (en-US). Words Journey. Retrieved on 2024-07-10.
  12. ↑ Habib (2024-07-03). Discover Liberica Coffee Beans: Unique Flavors, Benefits, and Where to Buy (en-US). [Words Journey]. Retrieved on 2024-07-10.
  13. ↑ Habib (2024-07-01). The Health Benefits Of Excelsa Coffee: Antioxidants, Weight Loss, And More (en-US). [Words Journey]. Retrieved on 2024-07-10.
  14. ↑ Daviron (2005). "3", The Coffee Paradox. Zed Books, London & NY. ISBN 978-1-84277-457-1. 
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