Ịwa nwa ehi ahụ

Ọrụ nwa ehi bụ usoro ịzụ ehi nke onye ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ anụ na-edobe ehi na-adịgide adịgide iji mepụta nwa ehi maka ire ere. Ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi bụ otu n'ime isi akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ anụ ehi na United States na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. N'agwaetiti ndị Britain, ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi nwere ike mara dị ka otu ìgwè ehi na-aṅụ ara. Ebumnobi nke ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi bụ imepụta ehi na-eto eto, nke a na-erekarị. A na-akpọkarị onye na-azụ anụ nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị ụdị a "onye ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi" na United States.

Ehi Hereford na-ata nwa ehi ọhụrụ ya

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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Ọrụ nwa ehi jupụtara na mba niile na-emepụta anụ ehi, [1] na ebumnuche nke ọrụ nwa ehi bụ ịmepụta ụmụ ehi, nke a na-erekarị. N'ikwekọ n'aha ahụ, ìgwè ehi na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na nke na-arụkarị ọrụ bụ ehi ndị toro eto, ụmụ ha, na ụmụ nwanyị, a na-akpọ ụmụ ehi, nke ga-amị ụmụ ehi ozugbo ha ruru afọ ọmụmụ. Ọrụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ibuli ehi ha ruo mgbe a ga-egbu ha, ndị ọzọ na-ere ha dị ka ụmụ ehi a kwụsịrị. Ha nwere ike ịnwe ìgwè ehi ole na ole ma jiri njikọ okike, mana ha nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ehi ma dabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na insemination aka. Enwere ike ire ehi sitere na ọrụ ehi mgbe a kwụsịrị ha ka ha too n'ebe ọzọ, dịka na ebe a na-azụ anụ, ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịzụlite ha ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ igbu egbu ma ree ha mgbe ha dị afọ 1-2.[2] A pụkwara ire ehi na ehi ndị toro eto, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-edebe ha, ka e gbuo ha mgbe afọ ọmụmụ ha gwụchara.

Ọrụ nwa ehi na-ebuli anụ ha n'ozuzu ha n'Ebe ịta nri na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke redghage karịa nri ọka, [2] ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike inye vitamin na mineral mgbakwunye. N'ihi nke a, ha chọrọ ala karịa ọrụ ehi ndị ọzọ, [2] dị ka ebe a na-azụ ehi, anụ ehi na mmepụta ehi, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ịzụlite nke na-elekwasị anya na njikwa ehi maka insemination aka. Ebe ịta ahịhịa nwere ike ịbụ nke ala ma ọ bụ "meziwanye" na nri e mere iji guzogide nrụgide ịta ahụhịa ma nyere ụmụ anụmanụ aka ibu. N'oge ụkọ, enwere ike inye nri ọzọ mana ọ bụghị ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ akwado ahịhịa maka ime ka ọ dịkwuo abụba.[3] Usoro ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike belata oke ala achọrọ; otu acre ma ọ bụ otu acre na ọkara, na ihu igwe ụfọdụ, nwere ike ịkwado otu ehi na nwa ehi maka otu afọ dum.[4] N'aka nke ọzọ, na mba ndị dị ka Brazil na Argentina, a pụrụ ịmanye ọrụ ehi iji ịta nri na-abaghị uru n'ihi mgbanwe na uru ala n'ihi ọnụahịa dị elu maka ihe ọkụkụ ego dị ka soybeans.

Azụ ahịa bụ ụzọ a na-erekarị, ọ bụ ezie na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ndị na-atụ anya ịzụ ahịa na-enyocha ehi ire ere n'ihe onwunwe nke onye na-emepụta ihe na ọnụ ahịa a kpara nkata ma ọ bụ n'ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ na dollar kwa isi..[5]

Na United States

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A na-ekekarị ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi ụzọ abụọ. Nke mbụ bụ ndị na-emepụta ehi na-azụ anụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ga-azụ, dị ka ebe a na-azụ nri. Ndị a na-ere ụmụ ehi ha mgbe a napụrụ ha ara ma ha erubeghị otu afọ. Nke abụọ bụ ndị na-ebuli ụmụ ehi nke 1-2 afọ tupu ere ha na igbummadu..[2]

Ehi nne, mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka ehi, na-esikarị n'otu n'ime isi mmalite abụọ: ma ọ bụ ụmụ ehi a zụlitere n'ugbo ahụ n'onwe ya ma debe ya n'oge okenye, ma ọ bụ ehi ndị a zụrụ site na ọrụ mkpụrụ osisi pụrụ iche nke na-amịkarị ehi dị ọcha.[4]

Ọrụ nwa ehi jupụtara na United States. Nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 1997 chọpụtara na ngalaba a nke ahịa anụ ehi US mepụtara ihe karịrị ijeri $ 40.5. [1] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, e nwere ihe karịrị 765,000 ndị na-arụ ọrụ ehi na mba ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na steeti ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ US.[4]

Ọnụahịa ire ere maka ụmụ ehi a na-ere site na ọrụ ehi na nwa ehi na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ehi nke ahịa ego. [6] Oge dịtụ ogologo ọ na-ewe onye na-arụ ọrụ ehi iji wulite ìgwè ehi ma zụlite ụmụ ehi ọhụrụ ruo n'ibu a chọrọ na-agbatị ogologo nke okirikiri dị otú ahụ.[7]

N'Australia

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Murray Grey ehi na nwa ehi na Northern Tablelands.

Ihe dị ka 90% nke ehi ndị Australia na-arụ ọrụ ehi na nwa ehi. N'ebe ndịda Australia (NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Western Australia) a na-azụkarị ehi ehi na obere ihe dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ugbo agwakọta ma ọ bụ ịta ahịhịa, mana ụfọdụ akụrụngwa na-ahụ maka ịzụ ehi. A na-azụkarị ụmụ ehi ndịda n'ebe ịta nri ma na-ere ya dị ka ndị na-enu ara, ndị na-eto eto ma ọ bụ dị ka ndị na-achị isi n'ihe dị ka afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa.

Na Top End, a na-azụ ehi n'ebe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara ndị kpọrọ nkụ n'ebe ịta nri n'ebe ehi buru ibu. Ndị na-emepụta anụ ehi n'ebe ugwu Australia na-arụkarị ọrụ ọzụzụ atụrụ karịa ndị ibe ha n'ebe ndịda Australia.[8] Anna Creek Station dị na South Australia, Australia bụ ọdụ ehi kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.[9] North Australian Pastoral Company Pty Limited (NAPCO) bụzi otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ehi kachasị ukwuu n'Australia, nwere ìgwè ehi karịrị 180,000 na ọdụ ehi iri na anọ na Queensland na Northern Territory.[10] Ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ugbo nke Australia (AA Co) na-elekọta ìgwè ehi karịrị 585,000. [11] Heytesbury Beef Pty Ltd nwere ma na-elekọta ihe karịrị ehi 200,000 gafee ọdụ asatọ gafere mpaghara East Kimberley, Victoria River na Barkly Tablelands na Northern Australia.[12] A na-ebupụ ọtụtụ ehi sitere na mpaghara ndị a dị ka anụ ehi na-emepụta ma ọ bụ dị ka anụmanụ dị ndụ n'okpuru 350 kilogram na South-East Asia maka ibu na nri n'ebe ahụ.

 
Nwa ehi na-enye nwa ara maka ire ere site na ire ere.

A na-eji ụzọ ire ere dị iche iche n'Australia na enwere ike ịre ehi ka studs, ụlọ ahịa ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa emechara. A na-eji ọtụtụ ụzọ ire ere dị iche iche, dabere na afọ, ụdị na ọnọdụ ehi na ahịa.[5]

Ebem si dee

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Short (November 2001). Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Cow-Calf Operations. Statistical Bulletin 974-3. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved on 8 May 2015.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gillespie (2009). Modern Livestock and Poultry Production. Cengage Learning, 266–267. ISBN 978-1-4283-1808-3. 
  3. Agriculture - Beef Industry - Australia. Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved on 15 August 2011.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mikesell (2010). Animal Science Biology and Technology. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4354-8637-9. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 Austin (1986). Kings of the Cattle Country. Sydney: Bay Books. ISBN 1-86256-066-8. 
  6. Chenoweth (2005). Beef practice: Cow–calf Production Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-8138-0402-6. 
  7. Womach. Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011.
  8. (2014) in Cottle: Beef Cattle Production and Trade. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-10988-9. 
  9. Mercer. "Cattle farms lure Australian women", BBC, 2008-06-09. Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
  10. North Australian Pastoral Company. napco.com.au.
  11. AACo. aaco.com.au. Archived from the original on 29 March 2007.
  12. Heytesbury Cattle Company. heytesburycattle.com.au.