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Ịwa nwa ehi ahụ

Ọrụ nwa ehi bụ usoro ịzụ ehi nke onye ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ anụ na-edobe ehi na-adịgide adịgide iji mepụta nwa ehi maka ire ere. Ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi bụ otu n'ime isi akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ anụ ehi na United States na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. N'agwaetiti ndị Britain, ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi nwere ike mara dị ka otu ìgwè ehi na-aṅụ ara. Ebumnobi nke ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi bụ imepụta ehi na-eto eto, nke a na-erekarị. A na-akpọkarị onye na-azụ anụ nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị ụdị a "onye ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi" na United States.

Ehi Hereford na-ata nwa ehi ọhụrụ ya

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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Ọrụ nwa ehi jupụtara na mba niile na-emepụta anụ ehi, [1] na ebumnuche nke ọrụ nwa ehi bụ ịmepụta ụmụ ehi, nke a na-erekarị. N'ikwekọ n'aha ahụ, ìgwè ehi na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na nke na-arụkarị ọrụ bụ ehi ndị toro eto, ụmụ ha, na ụmụ nwanyị, a na-akpọ ụmụ ehi, nke ga-amị ụmụ ehi ozugbo ha ruru afọ ọmụmụ. Ọrụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ibuli ehi ha ruo mgbe a ga-egbu ha, ndị ọzọ na-ere ha dị ka ụmụ ehi a kwụsịrị. Ha nwere ike ịnwe ìgwè ehi ole na ole ma jiri njikọ okike, mana ha nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ehi ma dabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na insemination aka. Enwere ike ire ehi sitere na ọrụ ehi mgbe a kwụsịrị ha ka ha too n'ebe ọzọ, dịka na ebe a na-azụ anụ, ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịzụlite ha ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ igbu egbu ma ree ha mgbe ha dị afọ 1-2.[2] A pụkwara ire ehi na ehi ndị toro eto, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-edebe ha, ka e gbuo ha mgbe afọ ọmụmụ ha gwụchara.

Ọrụ nwa ehi na-ebuli anụ ha n'ozuzu ha n'Ebe ịta nri na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke redghage karịa nri ọka, [2] ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike inye vitamin na mineral mgbakwunye. N'ihi nke a, ha chọrọ ala karịa ọrụ ehi ndị ọzọ, [2] dị ka ebe a na-azụ ehi, anụ ehi na mmepụta ehi, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ịzụlite nke na-elekwasị anya na njikwa ehi maka insemination aka. Ebe ịta ahịhịa nwere ike ịbụ nke ala ma ọ bụ "meziwanye" na nri e mere iji guzogide nrụgide ịta ahụhịa ma nyere ụmụ anụmanụ aka ibu. N'oge ụkọ, enwere ike inye nri ọzọ mana ọ bụghị ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ akwado ahịhịa maka ime ka ọ dịkwuo abụba.[3] Usoro ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike belata oke ala achọrọ; otu acre ma ọ bụ otu acre na ọkara, na ihu igwe ụfọdụ, nwere ike ịkwado otu ehi na nwa ehi maka otu afọ dum.[4] N'aka nke ọzọ, na mba ndị dị ka Brazil na Argentina, a pụrụ ịmanye ọrụ ehi iji ịta nri na-abaghị uru n'ihi mgbanwe na uru ala n'ihi ọnụahịa dị elu maka ihe ọkụkụ ego dị ka soybeans.

Azụ ahịa bụ ụzọ a na-erekarị, ọ bụ ezie na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ndị na-atụ anya ịzụ ahịa na-enyocha ehi ire ere n'ihe onwunwe nke onye na-emepụta ihe na ọnụ ahịa a kpara nkata ma ọ bụ n'ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ na dollar kwa isi..[5]

Na United States

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A na-ekekarị ọrụ ehi-nwa ehi ụzọ abụọ. Nke mbụ bụ ndị na-emepụta ehi na-azụ anụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ga-azụ, dị ka ebe a na-azụ nri. Ndị a na-ere ụmụ ehi ha mgbe a napụrụ ha ara ma ha erubeghị otu afọ. Nke abụọ bụ ndị na-ebuli ụmụ ehi nke 1-2 afọ tupu ere ha na igbummadu..[2]

Ehi nne, mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka ehi, na-esikarị n'otu n'ime isi mmalite abụọ: ma ọ bụ ụmụ ehi a zụlitere n'ugbo ahụ n'onwe ya ma debe ya n'oge okenye, ma ọ bụ ehi ndị a zụrụ site na ọrụ mkpụrụ osisi pụrụ iche nke na-amịkarị ehi dị ọcha.[4]

Ọrụ nwa ehi jupụtara na United States. Nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 1997 chọpụtara na ngalaba a nke ahịa anụ ehi US mepụtara ihe karịrị ijeri $ 40.5. [1] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, e nwere ihe karịrị 765,000 ndị na-arụ ọrụ ehi na mba ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na steeti ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ US.[4]

Ọnụahịa ire ere maka ụmụ ehi a na-ere site na ọrụ ehi na nwa ehi na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ehi nke ahịa ego. [6] Oge dịtụ ogologo ọ na-ewe onye na-arụ ọrụ ehi iji wulite ìgwè ehi ma zụlite ụmụ ehi ọhụrụ ruo n'ibu a chọrọ na-agbatị ogologo nke okirikiri dị otú ahụ.[7]

N'Australia

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Murray Grey ehi na nwa ehi na Northern Tablelands.

Ihe dị ka 90% nke ehi ndị Australia na-arụ ọrụ ehi na nwa ehi. N'ebe ndịda Australia (NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Western Australia) a na-azụkarị ehi ehi na obere ihe dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ugbo agwakọta ma ọ bụ ịta ahịhịa, mana ụfọdụ akụrụngwa na-ahụ maka ịzụ ehi. A na-azụkarị ụmụ ehi ndịda n'ebe ịta nri ma na-ere ya dị ka ndị na-enu ara, ndị na-eto eto ma ọ bụ dị ka ndị na-achị isi n'ihe dị ka afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa.

Na Top End, a na-azụ ehi n'ebe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara ndị kpọrọ nkụ n'ebe ịta nri n'ebe ehi buru ibu. Ndị na-emepụta anụ ehi n'ebe ugwu Australia na-arụkarị ọrụ ọzụzụ atụrụ karịa ndị ibe ha n'ebe ndịda Australia.[8] Anna Creek Station dị na South Australia, Australia bụ ọdụ ehi kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.[9] North Australian Pastoral Company Pty Limited (NAPCO) bụzi otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ehi kachasị ukwuu n'Australia, nwere ìgwè ehi karịrị 180,000 na ọdụ ehi iri na anọ na Queensland na Northern Territory.[10] Ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ugbo nke Australia (AA Co) na-elekọta ìgwè ehi karịrị 585,000. [11] Heytesbury Beef Pty Ltd nwere ma na-elekọta ihe karịrị ehi 200,000 gafee ọdụ asatọ gafere mpaghara East Kimberley, Victoria River na Barkly Tablelands na Northern Australia.[12] A na-ebupụ ọtụtụ ehi sitere na mpaghara ndị a dị ka anụ ehi na-emepụta ma ọ bụ dị ka anụmanụ dị ndụ n'okpuru 350 kilogram na South-East Asia maka ibu na nri n'ebe ahụ.

 
Nwa ehi na-enye nwa ara maka ire ere site na ire ere.

A na-eji ụzọ ire ere dị iche iche n'Australia na enwere ike ịre ehi ka studs, ụlọ ahịa ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa emechara. A na-eji ọtụtụ ụzọ ire ere dị iche iche, dabere na afọ, ụdị na ọnọdụ ehi na ahịa.[5]

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Short (November 2001). Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Cow-Calf Operations. Statistical Bulletin 974-3. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved on 8 May 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gillespie (2009). Modern Livestock and Poultry Production. Cengage Learning, 266–267. ISBN 978-1-4283-1808-3. 
  3. ↑ Agriculture - Beef Industry - Australia. Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved on 15 August 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mikesell (2010). Animal Science Biology and Technology. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4354-8637-9. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Austin (1986). Kings of the Cattle Country. Sydney: Bay Books. ISBN 1-86256-066-8. 
  6. ↑ Chenoweth (2005). Beef practice: Cow–calf Production Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-8138-0402-6. 
  7. ↑ Womach. Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011.
  8. ↑ (2014) in Cottle: Beef Cattle Production and Trade. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-10988-9. 
  9. ↑ Mercer. "Cattle farms lure Australian women", BBC, 2008-06-09. Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
  10. ↑ North Australian Pastoral Company. napco.com.au.
  11. ↑ AACo. aaco.com.au. Archived from the original on 29 March 2007.
  12. ↑ Heytesbury Cattle Company. heytesburycattle.com.au.
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