Wikipedia

Ịhazi ihe mkpofu

Nhazi mkpofu bụ usoro a na-esi na-ekewapụ ihe mkpofu n'ime ihe dị iche iche.  [1] Enwere ike iji aka mee nhazi ihe mkpọfu n'iche wee nakọta ya site na ebe nchịkọta ozi, ma ọ bụ kewapụ ya na-akpa aka n'ime ụzọ mgbake ma ọ bụ usoro nje .  Nhazi aka bụ ụzọ mbụ ejiri mee ihe n'ụzọ ihe mere eme nke nhazi ihe mkpofu.  [2] Enwere ike ike ihe mkpofu na saịtị ihe eji eji ndụ aka .

Ngwongwo imegharị ihe na Singapore
Ụdị ihe mkpofu akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka imegharị ihe
Na-ekpochapụ arịa mkpofu kewapụrụ iche na obodo Polish nwere ọkara Tomaszów Mazowiecki

Nkewa ihe mkpofu bụ nkewa nke mkpofu n'ime nkụ na mmiri.  Ihe mkpofu akọrọ osisi osisi na ndị yiri ya, ọla na iko.  Ikpofu mmiri mmiri na-ezokarị aka na mkpọfu organic na-emekarị site na ụlọ oriri na six ma dị arọ n'ihi iru mmiri.  Saịtị na nkewa, ụdị mkpọfu ọla na-abanye n'ụdị ya n'ebe a na-ekpofu ma ọ bụ na-achịkọta, mana nhazi na-eme mgbe a hụrụ ma ọ bụ nchịkọta.  Nkewa nke ihe mkpofu na-eme ka ihe dị ọcha dị mma.  Nhazi n'aka nke ọzọ ga-emecha njikere ihe ọcha na-adị adị mma.

Ụbọchị ndị a, ndị na-eke ihe mkpofu akpaka na-ewu ewu ma ejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa dịka Australia .

Ụzọ

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Ebe a na-emegharị ihe na Gdańsk University of Technology

A na-anakọta ihe mkpofu na isi iyi ya na mpaghara ọ bụla wee kewaa. Ụzọ e si ahazi ihe mkpofu ga-egosipụtarịrị usoro mkpofu mpaghara. Ndị a na-ahụkarị:

  • Akwụkwọ
  • kaadiboodu (gụnyere nkwakọ ngwaahịa maka nloghachi na ndị na-ebubata ya)
  • Glass (doro anya, tinted-enweghị bọlbụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ pane windo, nke nwere ihe mkpofu)
  • Plastics
  • Akwa akwa
  • Osisi, akpụkpọ anụ, rọba
  • Ígwè ewepụghị
  • Compost
  • Ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche/ dị ize ndụ
  • Ihe mkpofu

Enwere ike kewapụ ihe mkpofu ahịhịa maka mkpofu:

  • Enwere ike ikpokọta nri nke fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ ọ bụla iji gbochie mgbasa nke nje bacteria.
    • Ndị na-ahụ maka mkpofu anụmanụ nwere ike iweghachite anụ na ọkpụkpụ.
    • Ọ bụrụ na a na-ezigara ndị ọrụ ugbo obodo ihe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi tupu e nye ha anụmanụ nri.
  • Enwere ike ichikota peels na mkpochapụ sitere na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri yana ihe ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi. Enwere ike itinye ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ maka ịkwakọ ahịhịa, dị ka osisi ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, kọlịflawa, ahịhịa kọfị, mkpụrụ osisi na-ere ere, akpa tii, akwa akwa na mkpirisi, na akwa nhicha akwụkwọ.

Usoro maka nhazi akpaaka

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Akpaaka nke usoro nhazi mkpofu siri ike nke ime obodo bụ mpaghara nyocha na-arụsi ọrụ ike. [1] Usoro ndị ama ama maka nhazi akpaaka gụnyere:

  • Standardization nke ngwaahịa, karịsịa nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa [2] [3] </link> nke a na-ejikarị ihe dị iche iche mejupụtara, ọkachasị ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ ugbu a agaghị ekwe omume ikewa ma ọ bụ megharịa ọnụ n'ụzọ akpaaka. [4]
    • Iwu metụtara nrụgharịgharị, njikwa mkpofu, akụrụngwa mgbake ụlọ, ihe mejupụtara ngwaahịa, biodegradability na mgbochi nke mbubata / mbupụ nke mkpofu ụfọdụ.
      • Kemgbe gburugburu 2017, China, [5] Turkey, [6] Malaysia, [7] Cambodia, [8] na Thailand [9] amachibidoro ibubata ihe mkpofu. Atụwo aro na mmachibido iwu ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbawanye akpaaka [10] na imegharị ihe, na-ebelata mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. [11]
  • Nhazi ngwa anya
    • Nhazi onyonyo dabere na Spectral [1]
      • Usoro ndị na-eji ihe ngosi hyperspectral na algọridim emepụtara site na mmụta igwe [12] [13] [14]
    • Na nso spectroscopy infrared [15] [16]
    • Nhazi dabeere na X-ray [1]
    • spectroscopy mmebi nke laser kpatara [1]
  • Nhazi Eddy ugbu a [1]

Site na obodo

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Akpa akparamagwa maka imegharị ihe na Portovenere, Italy

Na Jamanị, e nwere ebu na-enye oke mkpa maka nhazi mkpofu ihe mkpofu na ihe eji eji ihe dịka karama iko.. [17]

Na Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, a na-arụ ọrụ pilot na-eji igwe na-anakọta akpaaka nke karama plastik ma ọ bụ nke aluminom nwewere onye vouche ka etinyere n'ahịa.. [18]

N'India, Open mepere Swachh Bharat Mission ("Clean India Mission") na 2014, mbọ mkpocha nke mba niile.  Tupu mbọ a siri ike nke mba a maka nhazi usoro na mkpokọta mkpọ mkpọ n'uche, ọtụtụ obodo na obodo dị na India mfelarị onye ọlụ na-eduzi na mkpọfu mkpọfu nke obodo, dabere na mgbake ụmụ amaala na/ma ọ bụ  mbọ obodo iji guzobe ihe ga-adigide.  usoro [19]

Na Ukraine, ndị mmadụ na-amụta ịhazi ihe mkpofu. A na-ahazi ihe mkpofu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na Khmelnitsky. [20] [21]

Na United States, ndị ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na-akọ na ụzọ maka ịmegharị ihe mkpọfu ghị na-aga n'ihu na-eche ihe mkpofu. . [22]

N'Australia, ewebatala Smart Bins ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu njikwa mkpofu nke obodo ahụ chere ihu. Ngwa smart bin nke AI kwadoro iji kewapụta ihe eji emegharị naanị ya. Ndị ọkachamara na-ekwukwa na igwe nwere ọgụgụ isi dị ka nke a nwekwara ike ịbawanye ọnụego mgbake n'efu na mba ahụ ma nyere aka mepụta ngwaahịa nwere ike ịmegharị nke ọma nke ga-agbakwunye na GDP Australia.

Gburugburu ụwa

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N'ihe gbasara nhazi ihe mkpofu rọba na ime ihe, e mere na 9% nke ihe mkpofu rọba dị ike 6.3 e mere akwụkwọ site na 1950 ruo 2018 ka eme na 12% ọzọ ka akpọkwara ọkụ ebe ndị ọzọ kwuru na a “ tụfuru  ya na ebe a na-ekpofu mgba ma ọ bụ ihe okike.  gburugburu". [23]

Hụkwa

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Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Gundupalli (1 February 2017). "A review on automated sorting of source-separated municipal solid waste for recycling" (in en). Waste Management 60: 56–74. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.015. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 27663707.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.015" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Qureshi (1 November 2020). "Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges" (in en). Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 152: 104804. DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104804. ISSN 0165-2370. 
  3. ↑ Zorpas (1 April 2016). "Sustainable waste management through end-of-waste criteria development" (in en). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (8): 7376–7389. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5990-5. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 26690583. 
  4. ↑ Ulrich. "Plastikmüll und Recycling: Acht Mythen und Irrtümer", DIE WELT, 6 November 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in de)
  5. ↑ Brooks (June 2018). "The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade" (in EN). Science Advances 4 (6): eaat0131. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. PMID 29938223. 
  6. ↑ "Turkey to ban plastic waste imports", The Guardian, 19 May 2021. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  7. ↑ Lee. "Malaysia, following in China's footsteps, bans imports of plastic waste", CNBC, 25 January 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  8. ↑ "Cambodia probes Chinese firm over illegal waste imports", Reuters, 19 July 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  9. ↑ "Thailand to ban imports of high-tech trash, plastic waste", Reuters, 16 August 2018. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  10. ↑ Green. "Recyclers turn to AI robots after waste import bans", Financial Times, 1 July 2020. Retrieved on 26 January 2022.
  11. ↑ "'Waste colonialism': world grapples with west's unwanted plastic", The Guardian, 31 December 2021. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  12. ↑ "Breakthrough in separating plastic waste: Machines can now distinguish 12 different types of plastic", Aarhus University. Retrieved on 19 January 2022. (in en)
  13. ↑ Henriksen (1 January 2022). "Plastic classification via in-line hyperspectral camera analysis and unsupervised machine learning" (in en). Vibrational Spectroscopy 118: 103329. DOI:10.1016/j.vibspec.2021.103329. ISSN 0924-2031. 
  14. ↑ Karaca (June 2013). "Automatic waste sorting using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system", 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS), 1–4. DOI:10.1109/WHISPERS.2013.8080744. ISBN 978-1-5090-1119-3. 
  15. ↑ Optical sorting technology for textile waste – Development of an identification method with NIR spectroscopy (2017).
  16. ↑ Zhu (1 April 2019). "Plastic solid waste identification system based on near infrared spectroscopy in combination with support vector machine" (in en). Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research 2 (2): 77–81. DOI:10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.04.001. ISSN 2542-5048. 
  17. ↑ Germany, Garbage and the Green Dot: Challenging a Throwaway Society - Bette K. Fishbein. pp. 16-17.
  18. ↑ Satu-satunya di Indonesia, Mesin Sampah Keluarkan Voucher ada di Denpasar (July 31, 2015).
  19. ↑ Reddy (2021). "Waste Management in India – An Overview" (in English). United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 02 (7): 175–196. ISSN 2582-6832. 
  20. ↑ Хмельничан навчатимуть, як сортувати вдома сміття (uk). khmelnytskyi.name (24 November 2020). Retrieved on 2020-11-30.
  21. ↑ Ecobin
  22. ↑ OLEM (2019-04-17). The U.S. Recycling System (en). US EPA. Retrieved on 2022-01-09.
  23. ↑ News (September 13, 2022). Australia introduces smart bins as a solution for waste management | Latest News | WION. Youtube.com. Retrieved on November 3, 2023.

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Media related to Waste sorting at Wikimedia Commons
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