Water sachet
Akpa mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri sachet bụ ihe a na-ama nke ire mmiri emechara ma ọ bụ nke edobere n'ime rọba, akpa mpaghara n'akpọrọ nke ndịda ụwa, ma na-ewu ewu n'Africa . [1] Ngwongwo mmiri dị ọnụ ala iji Watch karama rọba, ma dị mfe ibufe. [2] Na mba ụfọdụ, ndị na-ere mmiri na-ezo aka na mmiri sachet dị ka "mmiri dị ọcha. [1] [2] [3]
Ọchịchọ dị elu, yana mkpọfu na-adịghị mma sitere n'aka ndị na-azụ akara ebutela mmetọ rọba dị ukwuu na mkpofu sitere na sachet na West Africa dum. [1] [2] Mgbakọ nke sachet na-ebutekarị mmiri mmiri mmiri na-ahụ, yana nsogbu ndị ọzọ. [2] Mba ụfọdụ, dị ka Senegal, amachibidola akpa ndị a ponfu ihe. [4]
Ebe ọ bụ na a na-alụ ọgụ sachet n'obere ụlọ ọrụ a na-achịkwaghị ịchịkwa, ikike oke esemokwu ọcha nwere ọrịa ma ọ bụ mmetọ mgbe ụfọdụ. [1] [2] mara, na mba ndị dị ka Ghana ndị na-azụta ahuhu ka na-ama nhọrọ ahụ ụdị ndị ọzọ na-ere aha, na-eche na ihe egwu dị ala. [2] Ụdị nkesa mmiri a na-enye nhọrọ dị mkpa iji nweta mmiri mmiri n'ime obodo ndị na- rị enwe ya. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọkà-kpàla usoro nkesa a dị ka inwe ikike mmadụ na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha mmadụ, na-ejedebe ikike nke mmiri na ọcha ọcha. . [5] [6]
Nchegbu ahụike
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[7]Nnyocha nke sachet na-ahụkarị ọnọdụ ịdị ọcha adịghị mma n'etiti ndị na-emepụta sachet. Nnyocha e mere na sachet na Port Harcourt, Nigeria chọpụtara na mmiri sachet na-ebute ọrịa dị iche iche. [1] Ogologo oge nchekwa nke sachets gosipụtara oke ahụike mmadụ nke nje bacteria mgbe ọnwa 4 gachara n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nlele. [1] N'otu aka ahụ na-esochi ntiwapụ nke ọrịa COVID-19, Damongo chọpụtara na 96% nke ndị na-emepụta enweghị usoro ịdị ọcha zuru oke.
Site na obodo
dezieGhana
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[5] edi nke sachet na-a fo-apapa ọcha na-edu ezi n'etiti ndị na-ahụ sachet. Otu ihe e mere na sachet na Port Harcourt, Nigeria ngwa na mmiri sachet nwere nnukwu mmetọ sitere na ọrịa dị iche iche na-ebute ụmụ nje. [1] Ogologo oge nchekwa nke sachets ụgbọ dị egwu nke ụmụaka nke ụmụ nje ka ọnwa 4 gachara n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ahụ. [1] N'otu aka ahụ na-esochi akwụkwọ nke ọrịa COVID, na Damongo tara na 96% nke ndị na-ahụ usoro mpempe akwụkwọ ọcha zuru oke
Nkwakọ ngwaahịa mmiri n'ime obere akpa rọba malitere na 1990, omume ahụ toro mgbe e webatara ígwè ọrụ ndị China maka ndochi na akpa mkpuchi okpomọkụ. [1] Mmụba ọnụ ahịa na 2022, hụrụ nnukwu mgbanwe n'ahịa na mpaghara Ashanti . [8]
Nigeria
dezieMmiri sachet aghọwo akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmiri na Nigeria, karịsịa obodo na-eto ngwa ngwa dị ka Lagos. [1] [2] Ọnụ ahịa mmiri sachet dabere na akụ na ụba. N'afọ 2021, otu ndị na-emepụta mmiri na-emepụta mmiri nke Nigeria mụbara ọnụ ahịa mmiri sachet na narị naira abụọ n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe. [3] Mbelata dị ukwuu na ego obodo butere mmụba na ọnụ ahịa na 2022. [9] [10]
Hụkwa
dezie- Mmiri ọṅụṅụ
- Mmiri dị ọcha
- Inye onwe nke mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha
- WASH - Ịkwanye mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha
- Kiosk mmiri
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ Stoler (2012-10-11). "Improved but unsustainable: accounting for sachet water in post-2015 goals for global safe water". Tropical Medicine & International Health 17 (12): 1506–1508. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03099.x. ISSN 1360-2276. PMID 23051893.
- ↑ "Why pure water prices dey rise across Nigeria?", BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved on 2022-03-29.
- ↑ Keough (2018-01-09). "'Pure water' in Niamey, Niger: the backstory of sachet water in a landscape of waste" (in en). Africa 88 (1): 38–62. DOI:10.1017/S0001972017000560. ISSN 0001-9720.
- ↑ Lerner (2020-04-19). Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming (en-US). The Intercept. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-06.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Stoler (2012). "Sachet drinking water in Ghana's Accra-Tema metropolitan area: past, present, and future". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2 (4): 10.2166/washdev.2012.104. DOI:10.2166/washdev.2012.104. ISSN 2043-9083. PMID 24294481.
- ↑ Morinville (2017-09-11). "Sachet water: regulation and implications for access and equity in Accra, Ghana". WIREs Water 4 (6). DOI:10.1002/wat2.1244. ISSN 2049-1948. Retrieved on 2022-03-06.
- ↑ Amuah (2021-08-01). "Sachet water quality and Vendors' practices in Damongo, northern Ghana during the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 using multivariate statistics, water quality and pollution indices, and panel assessment" (in en). Environmental Challenges 4: 100164. DOI:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100164. ISSN 2667-0100. PMID 37522148.
- ↑ Sachet water vendors and consumers lament low patronage due to price increase - MyJoyOnline.com (en-US). www.myjoyonline.com (2022-01-18). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-06.
- ↑ Nigeria (2022-03-03). Producers explain why a bag of sachet water now sells for N250 in Ogun (en). Pulse Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-06.
- ↑ Inflation: Pure water price rises to N20 per sachet (en-US). Nairametrics (2022-03-05). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-06.