Viola Hashe
Viola Hashe (1926-1977) bụ onye nkuzi, onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na onye otu ọrụ na South Africa. Hashe kpuru ìsì.[1]
A mụrụ Hashe na 1926 na Orange Free State . [2] Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ndị otu ọrụ ma sonye na African National Congress (ANC) n'afọ ndị 1950.[1] Ọ ghọrọ onye otu South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) n'etiti afọ 1950. [1] N'afọ 1956, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na South African Clothing Workers Union (SACWU) ebe ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-eduzi otu ụmụ nwoke South Africa.[1] Hashe kwuru okwu na nzukọ SACTU na Durban ebe ọ tụlere ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ebe ọ bụ na anaghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị jide ikike.[3]
Hashe bu nwaanyi mbu a nwara aka n'ihe deportation di n'ime Urban Areas Act na 1956. O nwere ndumodu nke Shulamith Muller, na iwu nke ichulata ya bu Ihe akaburu mgbe oforo elekere nke asaa Ka iwu ahu nwee isi tupu akaduo ya.[2][4].[2]
Hashe nwere mmetụta n'ọtụtụ ndị ghọrọ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ngagharị iwe. Ndị a gụnyere Bertha Gxowa, [5] Mabel Balfour, na Mary Moodley. [6] A na-akpọ otu alaka nke African National Congress Youth League aha Hashe.[7]
- ↑ Kellner (2000). Thami Mnyele and Medu Art Ensemble Retrospective. Jacana. ISBN 9781770096882.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Viola Hashe. South African History Online (23 January 2013). Retrieved on 3 September 2016.
- ↑ The Role of Women in the South African Trade Union Movement. Aluka, 14.
- ↑ Luckhardt. Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU. South African Congress of Trade Unions. South African History Online. Retrieved on 7 September 2016.
- ↑ Bertha Gxowa (1934-). The Presidency: Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.
- ↑ 60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (41-50). Mail & Guardian (25 August 2016). Retrieved on 4 September 2016.
- ↑ ANCYL Fundraises for the Elections. Soweto Urban (1 April 2014). Retrieved on 4 September 2016.