Usoro Nkwado Nkwado
| obere ụdị nke | certification  |
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Usoro nkwekọrịta ntinye aka ( PGS ), dị ka akọwapụtara IFOAM, bụ "Sistemụ mmesi obi ike na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara. Ha na-akwado ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ntinye aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ndị na-eme ihe ike ma na-ewukwasị na ntọala ntụkwasị obi, netwọk mmekọrịta na mgbanwe ihe ọmụma." [1] Ha na-anọchi anya ihe ọzọ na asambodo ndị ọzọ, karịsịa na-emegharị maka ahịa mpaghara na obere eriri ọkọnọ. Ha nwekwara ike iji akara nkeonwe mejupụta asambodo ndị ọzọ na-eweta nkwa na nghọta ndị ọzọ. PGS na-enyere ndị na-emepụta ihe, ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ọzọ aka na-etinye aka na:
- nhọrọ na nkọwa nke ụkpụrụ
- mmepe na mmejuputa usoro asambodo
- mkpebi asambodo
A na-akpọkwa Sistemụ Nkwenye Nkwenye dị ka "Nkanye ntinye aka". [2]
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) na organic ije ka bụ onye ndu [3] n'echiche nke PGS na ọkwa mba ụwa. IFOAM na-eme mmemme iji mata PGS na ngalaba organic. PGS bụ ngwá ọrụ nwere ike ịnakwere ọ bụghị naanị maka ọrụ ugbo mana ọ bara uru na mpaghara dị iche iche.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
dezieNtugharị nke organic abụrụla ọsụ ụzọ na mmejuputa iwu na nkọwa nke Sistemụ Nkwenye nkwado (PGS). Asambodo Organic malitere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na 70s na 80s dabere na sistemu mmekọrịta dị nso na ihe a na-akpọ PGS ugbu a. Ụfọdụ ndị otu a ka na-eme asambodo isonye taa, dịka ọmụmaatụ Nature & Progrès na France. Agbanyeghị na asambodo ndị ọzọ (na-esote ISO 65 chọrọ) abụrụla ụdị asambodo kachasị na ngalaba nri, yana ọtụtụ ngalaba ndị ọzọ, sistemụ asambodo ọzọ akwụsịbeghị ịdị adị.
Na 2004, IFOAM na MAELA (Latin American Agroecology Movement), jikọrọ aka haziri ogbako izizi nke International na Asambodo Alternative nke mere na Torres, Brazil. Ọ bụ n'ọgbakọ ahụ ka a nakweere echiche nke Sistemụ Nkwekọrịta Nkwenye. Na mmemme a, e hiwere otu mba na-arụ ọrụ na PGS, nke mechara bụrụ Task Force [4] n'okpuru nche anwụ nke IFOAM. Ndị ọrụ Task Force na-arụ ọrụ na ịkọwa PGS ọzọ, ma guzobe isi ihe na isi ihe dị na PGS na akwụkwọ nke isiokwu ya bụ "Ọhụụ Ekekọrịtara - Ikekọrịta Ideals". [5]
Kemgbe ahụ IFOAM nọgidere na-akwado mmepe nke PGS ma na-akwado ugbu a maka nkwado ha site n'aka gọọmentị dị ka usoro ntinye akwụkwọ na mpaghara ebe a na-achịkwa mpaghara organic n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. N'otu aka ahụ, ngalaba ndị ọzọ na-eleba anya n'echiche iji kwado ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ usoro dị iche iche.
Amụma na ụkpụrụ gọọmentị maka PGS
dezieBrazil
dezieNa 2007, Steeti mere iwu nke na-amata ma asambodo nke atọ yana PGS maka asambodo nke ngwaahịa organic. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ere ngwaahịa PGS enwetara ikike n'ụlọ n'ahịa Brazil. [6]
India
dezieÒtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo (FAO), IFOAM, na Ministry of Agriculture na India malitere nkwurịta okwu na ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche na 2005 iji chọpụta usoro ntinye akwụkwọ ọzọ nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo na mba ahụ. E hibere PGS Organic India Council na 2006 n'ihi ndụmọdụ ndị a. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka njikọ aka nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ma ọ bụ NGO kwadoro ịkwalite mmepụta nri organic maka oriri ụlọ na India, na mbupụ abụghị ihe kacha mkpa. N'April 2011, edebanye aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka ọha mmadụ na Goa dị ka Participatory Guarantee Systems Organic Council (PGSOC). [7] Ọtụtụ steeti gọọmentị etiti dị n'India ewepụtala nkwalite PGS maka asambodo nke ngwaahịa organic na amụma ọrụ ugbo steeti ha. N'ọkwa mba, National Center of Organic Farming (NCOF) n'okpuru Ministry of Agriculture malitere ịrụ ọrụ PGS-India dị ka mmemme nkwa nke organic afọ ofufo na PGS-National Advisory Committee dị ka apex mkpebi mkpebi. [8]
Hụkwa
dezie- Ecolabel
- Ntinye aka ọha
- Usoro mmekọrịta ndị ọgbọ na ndị ọgbọ
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- IFOAM PGS Saịtị
- Weebụsaịtị Nature & Progrès (na French)
- Weebụsaịtị toro nke ọma (CNG bụ Nhọrọ Grassroots na Mmemme Organic Organic USDA)
- Weebụsaịtị PGS Organic Council (Network PGS India bụ ndị PGS Organic Council na-ahazi ya)
- Weebụsaịtị OrganicFarmNZ (OrganicFarmNZ na-enye agụmakwụkwọ organic ma na-eme atụmatụ asambodo organic na New Zealand)
Ihe ndetu
dezie- ↑ http://www.ifoam.org/sites/default/files/page/files/pgs_definition_in_different_languages.pdfTempleeti:Dead link
- ↑ CAP2020 - Organic Farmin in Brazil - Participatory Certification and Local Markets for Sustainable Agricultural Development. Archived from the original on 2009-12-27. Retrieved on 2024-04-12.
- ↑ Participatory Guarantee Systems | IFOAM - Organics International.
- ↑ Participatory Guarantee Systems | IFOAM - Organics International.
- ↑ Participatory Guarantee Systems | IFOAM - Organics International.
- ↑ "Organic Participatory Guarantee Systems - a Brazilian model. | Agricultural and Rural Convention", Agricultural and Rural Convention, 2014-05-12. Retrieved on 2018-07-19. (in en-US)
- ↑ PGS Organic India | Participatory Guarantee Systems – India (en-US). www.pgsorganic.in. Retrieved on 2018-07-19.
- ↑ PGS-India of the National Centre for Organic Farming, India.