Wikipedia

Ubi mkpụrụ osisi

Ogige mkpụrụ osisi bụ ihe a na-akpachapụ anya nke osisi ma ọ bụ osisi nke a na-echekwa maka mmepụta nri. Ogige mkpụrụ osisi nwere osisi na-amị mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ akị nke a na-etokarị maka mmepụta azụmahịa. Ogige osisi na-abụkarị akụkụ nke nnukwu ubi, ebe ha na-arụ ọrụ ịchọ mma yana ebumnuche na-arụpụta ihe.[1] Ogige mkpụrụ osisi na-ejikọtakarị ubi mkpụrụ osisi, n'agbanyeghị na edobere ya n'ogo pere mpe, na-abụghị nke azụmahịa ma nwee ike mesie osisi beri ike karịa osisi mkpụrụ osisi. A na-edobere ọtụtụ ubi mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara ihu igwe na grid oge niile, nwere ahịhịa ahịhịa ma ọ bụ nke a gbuturu ma ọ bụ ala nke na-eme ka nlekọta na nchịkọta mkpụrụ dị mfe.

Ubi ahịhịa (Streuobstwiese) na-ele anya na Lochenhörnle [de]

A na-akụ ọtụtụ ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke oge a maka otu mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ezie na a ghọtara mkpa ọ dị iwebata ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ n'ubi ọhịa, iwebata ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche n'osisi mkpụrụ osisi site n'ịkọba osisi ndị ọzọ nwere ike inye uru. Ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ubi mkpụrụ osisi ga-eme ka ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa na-esi ike, dị ka ọ dị n'oké ọhịa..[1]

A na-etinyekarị ubi mkpụrụ osisi n'akụkụ akụkụ mmiri ebe a na-emezi oke ihu igwe na oge ntoju na-akwụsịlata ruo mgbe ihe egwu ntu oyi gafere.

Ọdịdị

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Nhazi ubi mkpụrụ osisi bụ usoro nke ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ n'usoro kwesịrị ekwesị. E nwere ụzọ dị iche iche nke akuku ma si otú dị iche iche layouts. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị nhazi a bụ:

  • Usoro square
  • Usoro nwere Akụkụ anọ
  • Usoro Quincunx
  • Usoro triangular
  • Usoro Hexagonal
  • Usoro gburugburu ma ọ bụ terrace

Maka ụdị dị iche iche, usoro ndị a nwere ike ịdị iche ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.

Ogige mkpụrụ osisi site na mpaghara

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Ubi peach na-agbasa [ihe dị ka 1950]

Ubi mkpụrụ osisi kachasị ukwuu na United States bụ ubi apụl na oroma, ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọkarị ubi mkpụrụ osisi citrus. Mpaghara ubi apụl kachasị ukwuu dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Washington steeti, yana obere ma dị mkpa n'ebe ubi apụla n'ọtụtụ Upstate New York. A na-ahụ ubi oroma buru ibu na Florida na ndịda California, ebe a maara ha nke ọma dị ka "ọhịa". N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ North America, ọtụtụ ubi mkpụrụ osisi dị n'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Michigan (dị ka Mpaghara Fruit Ridge), Ọdọ Mmiri Erie, na Ọdọ Mmiri Ontario.

Na Canada, apụl na ubi mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ jupụtara na Niagara Peninsula, n'ebe ndịda Ọdọ Mmiri Ontario. A maara mpaghara a dị ka Canada Fruitbelt ma, na mgbakwunye na ahịa mkpụrụ osisi buru ibu, ọ na-agba ume "ịhọrọ gị" ọrụ n'oge owuwe ihe ubi.

Na Spain, Murcia bụ nnukwu ubi mkpụrụ osisi (ma ọ bụ la huerta) na Europe, nke nwere ihe ọkụkụ citrus. New Zealand, China, Argentina, na Chile nwekwara nnukwu ubi apụl.

A na-akpọ Tenbury Wells na Worcestershire The Town in the Orchard, kemgbe narị afọ nke 19, n'ihi na nnukwu ubi mkpụrụ osisi gbara ya gburugburu. Taa, a na-eme emume ihe nketa a site na Applefest kwa afọ.[2]

Ebe Etiti Europe

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Streuobstwiesen (pl. Streuobstrwiesen) bụ okwu German nke pụtara ala ahịhịa nwere osisi mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ n'ọhịa.[3] Streuobstwiese, ma ọ bụ ubi ahịhịa, bụ ọdịnala ọdịdị ala na okpomọkụ, ihu igwe mmiri nke kọntinent Western Europe.[4] Na narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite nke 20, Streuobstwiesen bụ ụdị ubi mkpụrụ osisi ime obodo nke e bu n'uche maka ịkọ Mkpụrụ osisi nkume. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu Ebe obibi enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba mbọ maka enyemaka gọọmentị maka ebe obibi bara uru, ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ala okike, nke a na-ejikwa echekwa ubi ahịhịa ochie. Ma ubi ubi ubi na-enye ebe obibi kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị bi n'ọhịa a ma ama. Otu ihe atụ a ma ama bụ hoopoe nke na-akpa akwụ́ n'ime oghere osisi nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi ochie ma, n'enweghị ebe ndị ọzọ a na-akpa, a na-eyi ya egwu n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Europe n'ihi mbibi nke ubi mkpụrụ osisi ochie.

  • Ubi mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara dị iche iche
  •  
    Aosisi lemonubi mkpụrụ osisi naUpper Galilin'imeIsrael
  •  
    Aobodo apụlubi mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ maka iji ya eme ihe n'afọ ndị 1920.Westcliff n'Oké Osimiri (Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie naEssex, England)
  •  
    Streuobstwiese, ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke ime obodo, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Taa a kwadoro ya maka ịdị mma nke ebe obibi ya na ụdị dị iche iche.
  •  
    Ubi mkpụrụ osisi apụl naAzwell, Washington, gburugburu obodo nkendị na-anakọta iheỤlọ ndị dị n'ime ụlọ
  •  
    Ọsụsọcherryubi mkpụrụ osisiỌdọ Mmiri Erieụsọ mmiri (Leamington, Ontario)
  •  
    Ogige apụl ochie na-eto eto na Ottawa, Canada

Ogige mkpụrụ osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme

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  • Orchard House dị na Concord, Massachusetts, bụ ebe obibi nke onye edemede America a ma ama Louisa May Alcott.
  • Fruita, Utah, akụkụ nke Capitol Reef National Park nwere ubi mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọsụ ụzọ Mormon nke United States National Park Service na-elekọta.

Ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke oge a

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Ogige mkpụrụ osisi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere nnukwu osisi ndị tozuru etozu maka ngwá ọrụ dị arọ. Ubi apụl nke oge a, n'ụzọ dị iche na dịka otu ihe atụ, na-abụkarị "nnukwu" (osisi dị n'elu 370 / hectare ma ọ bụ 150 / acre), ma n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike nwere ihe ruru 22,000 / hectare (9,000 / acre). Osisi ndị a abụghịzi osisi n'echiche ọdịnala, kama ha yiri osisi vaịn dị obere ma chọọ trellises iji kwado ha.[5]

Ugbu a, a na-eguzobe "Smart Orchards" ọhụrụ n'ụwa niile.[6] Ihe atụ mbụ nke ubi mkpụrụ osisi dị otú ahụ bụ Smart Orchard na Washington, United States of America site na Innov8 na Washington State University na Samriti Bagh orchard nke Tejasvi Dogra mepụtara na Maraog, India nke na-agụnye iji ihe mmetụta dị iche iche maka njikwa ubi.[7][8][9]

Nchekwa ubi na UK

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  • Natural England, site na Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Environmental Stewardship na Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme, na-enye enyemaka na ndụmọdụ maka mmezi, ịkwalite ma ọ bụ mepụtaghachi ubi akụkọ ihe mere eme.[10]
  • Òtù Orchard Link na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi ejikwa ma weghachite mpaghara nke ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke Devon, yana ime ka ndị obodo nwee ike iji ubi mkpụrụ osisi dị n'ógbè ahụ.[11] Otu nzukọ a na-akpọ Orchards Live na-arụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ na North Devon.[12]
  • People's Trust for Endangered Species (PTES) emeela map nke ubi mkpụrụ osisi ọ bụla n'ime England na Wales ma na-elekọta ndepụta mba maka ebe obibi a.[13]
  • UK Biodiversity Partnership depụtara ubi mkpụrụ osisi ọdịnala na ebe obibi UK Biodiversiity Action Plan.[14]
  • Wiltshire Traditional Orchards Project na-ese map, na-echekwa ma na-eweghachi ubi mkpụrụ osisi ọdịnala n'ime Wiltshire, England.   [citation needed]
  • Akụkọ nwa oge sitere na National Trust gosiri na ubi mkpụrụ osisi belatara site na ihe dị ka hekta 95,000 n'oge 1892-1914, ruo hekta 41,000 n'ozuzu na 2022.[15] Mgbasa ozi #BlossomWatch bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọrụ sara mbara nke Trust iji kụọ ubi mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ 68 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2025, na nde osisi anọ nwere okooko osisi ka ọ na na-eru. [16][17]

Ndị ama ama

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  • Belle van Dorn Harbert (amụrụ 1860), onye ọrụ ugbo mkpụrụ osisi, onye guzobere International Congress of Farm Women

Hụkwa

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  • Ubi na-adịghị mma na ihu igwe
  • Ọhịa
  • Ịkọ ubi n'ọhịa
  • Ụdị osisi mkpụrụ osisi
  • Mkpụrụ osisi na-amị mkpụrụ
  • Mgbasa osisi mkpụrụ osisi
  • Ịkụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Konnert, M., Fady, B., Gömöry, D., A’Hara, S., Wolter, F., Ducci, F., Koskela, J., Bozzano, M., Maaten, T. and Kowalczyk, J. (2015). "Use and transfer of forest reproductive material in Europe in the context of climate change". European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.. 
  2. ↑ The Teme Valley Times supports the Tenbury Applefest. applefest.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-06-26. Retrieved on 2020-04-26.
  3. ↑ dict.cc dictionary :: Streuobstwiese :: German-English translation. dict.cc.
  4. ↑ Streuobstwiese: meadow orchard in German-English Collins Dictionary
  5. ↑ Parker. High Density Apple Orchard Management. North Carolina State University. Retrieved on 26 July 2017.
  6. ↑ Sciforce (2023-01-25). Smart Farming: The Future of Agriculture (en-US). IoT For All. Retrieved on 2023-07-13.
  7. ↑ SMART ORCHARD (en). Innov8 Ag. Retrieved on 2023-07-13.
  8. ↑ Nitnaware (November 9, 2020). Shimla Lawyer Controls Irrigation of Apple Orchard Sitting 100 Km Away. Here’s How. The Better India.
  9. ↑ zenger.news (2020-11-22). Apple Orchards Get Love and Care from Miles Away (en-US). The Tennessee Tribune. Retrieved on 2020-11-24.
  10. ↑ (2008) Entry Level Stewardship Handbook. Natural England. ISBN 978-1-84754-080-5. 
  11. ↑ Orchards Live - About Us. orchardslive.org.uk.
  12. ↑ PTES Traditional Orchard Survey
  13. ↑ Working as a Biologist & Safety At Work Accidents UKBAP (January 25, 2017).
  14. ↑ Dommett (2022). Blossom over Time: Interim Report. National Trust. Retrieved on 2022-08-01. 
  15. ↑ National Trust to create 68 orchards by 2025 to boost wildlife (en). the Guardian (2019-04-27). Retrieved on 2022-07-19.
  16. ↑ "Orchards vanishing from the landscape, says National Trust", BBC News, 2022-03-24. Retrieved on 2022-07-19. (in en-GB)
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