Tiv language

Asụsụ obodo Naijiria
Asụsụ tiv
asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nkeTivoid, Niger–Congo Dezie
mba/obodoKameroon, Naijiria Dezie
usoro ederedeLatin script Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue3 Nkwukọrịta sara mbara Dezie

Tiv bụ asụsụ Tivoid a na-asụ na steeti ụfọdụ dị iche iche na North Central Nigeria, na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụrụ ya na obodo Cameroon. O nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise na-ekwu okwu na 2020. A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv na Benue steeti na obodo Naịjirịa. A na-asụkwa asụsụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ steeti Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa na Cross River nakwa FCT Abuja nke obodo naijiria. Ọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'ime asụsụ Tivoid, otu asụsụ nke asụsụ ndị dị na Southern Bantoid

ndi Tiv

Asụsụ

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Tiv enweghị olumba. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv nwere ike ịghọta ibe ha n'ókèala ha. Otú ọ dị, ụda olu (ham) dị.[1]

Ndị n'asụ Tiv

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Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụedemede

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Mkpụrụedemede dị mkpirikpi
N'ihu Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ i u
N'etiti e ɔ
Emeghe a ɒ
Mkpụrụedemede dị ogologo
N'ihu Central Nlaghachi
Ihe dị nso ɪː ʊː
N'etiti
Mepee n'etiti ɜː ɔː
Emeghe
  • A na-eji ụdaume eme ụdaume tupu ụdaume imi.
  • /a/ can be freely heard as [æ̃] or [ɑ̃] before a nasal consonant.

Mkpụrụ okwu

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Akụkụ abụọ Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwdA"><br><br><br> Alveolar Ọkpụkpụ akpịrị<br id="mweQ"><br><br><br> Palatal Velar Ọkụ
ala dị larịị <small id="mwhQ">ụlọ nyocha</small> pal.
Kwụsị enweghị olu p t k
kwuru okwu b d ɡ ɡʷ ɡʲ
Nwanyị na-agba agba ᵐb ⁿd
Africate enweghị olu t͡s t͡ʃ k͡p
kwuru okwu (d͡z) d͡ʒ ɡ͡b
Nwanyị na-agba agba ⁿd͡z
Ihe na-esiri ike enweghị olu f s ʃ (x) h
kwuru okwu v z ɣ
Ụgbọ imi m (ɱ) n ɲ ŋ
Ihe na-atọ ụtọ r
Ihe atụ w l j
  • /ɣ/ is heard phonetically as [x], but is often voiced as [ɣ].
  • [ɱ] is heard in free variation in word-final positions.
  • [d͡z] occurs in other dialects.[2]

Ụda

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Tiv nwere ụda atọ (atọ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-agụ na-ebili ma na-ada dị ka ụda dị iche iche kama ịbụ ụda dị ugbu a). A na-eji ha eme ihe kachasị mkpa na ntụgharị.[1]

Akụkụ olu nke Tiv bụ ndị a:

  • Ityoisha, nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, bụ nke a ma ama maka ikwubiga okwu ókè nke ụdaume.
  • Shitile, nke ọtụtụ ndị Tiv na-asụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Katsina Ala, o doro anya na ọ na-ada ụda nke ọma karịa ụdaume ndị ọzọ nke Tiv na ụdaume mkparị n'ime ụdaume ha dị nso.
  • Iharev, nke na-enye ụdaume [r]~[l]
  • Kparev, nke a na-asụ n'etiti na ndịda etiti;
    • Kunav, nke dị n'okpuru Kparev, nke a maara maka mmasị ya maka ụda [d͡ʒ] ebe ndị ọzọ Kparev na-eji [d͡ʒ].[1]

Okwu, ọkachasị aha osisi na ngwá ọrụ, na-agbanwe site n'otu akụkụ nke ókèala Tiv gaa na nke ọzọ.[1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkewa

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Koelle (1854) kwuru okwu mbụ banyere asụsụ Tiv (dzwa Tiv) site n'aka ndị ohu a tọhapụrụ na Sierra Leone.[3] Johnston (1919) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche n'etiti asụsụ Semi-Bantu, na Talbot (1926) kwetara. Abraham (1933), onye mere ọmụmụ asụsụ zuru oke nke Tiv, kewara ya dị ka Bantu, na-ekwu na okwu ya yiri nke East African Nyanza nke asụsụ Bantu karịa Ekoi ma ọ bụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Malherbe (1933) kwenyere na Abraham na Tiv bụ n'ezie Bantu.[1]

Ihe niile dị na Tiv yiri ka ọ na-egosi mgbasawanye na nso nso a, ikekwe na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na ise.[4]

Ọdịdị

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Tiv nwere klas aha itoolu.[1]

Hụkwa

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  • Ndị obodo Tiv
  • Ate-u-tiv, ụlọ ọdịnala Tiv eji eme oriri na nnọkọ

Edensibia

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Bohannan (2017-02-03). "Language", The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781315295794.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. Sokpo (2016). An Autosegmental Analysis of Tiv Phonology. 
  3. Bohannan (3 February 2017). The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa Part VIII. ISBN 9781315295794. 
  4. Blench (June 2016). The Tivoid languages: overview and comparative wordlist.
  • R.C.Abraham, A Dictionary of the Tiv Language, Gọọmentị nke Naịjirịa 1940, nke Gregg Press Ltd., Farnborough, Hants., England bipụtara ọzọ 1968.  ISBN 0576116157

Njikọ mpụga

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Ihe ndị e ji okpukpe mee

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