Wikipedia

Thyra J. Edwards

Thyra Johnson Edwards (Disemba 25, 1897 - Julaị 9, 1953) bụ onye nkuzi Afrịka-Amerịka, onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, onye nta akụkọ, onye ọrụ na ikike obodo, na onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị.[1] Pan-Africanist, na Kọmunist. [2]

Oge ọ malitere dezie

A mụrụ Thyra Johnson Edwards na 1897 na Wharton, Texas, nwa nwanyị nke Horace Ferdinand Edwards na Anna Bell Johnson Edwards. Nne na nna nna ya bụ ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ nke si Missouri kwaga Illinois.[2] Nne Edwards bụ onye nkuzi na Wharton County. Ndị nne na nna Edwards abụọ tinyere aka na ọrụ obodo na ngbanwe mmekọrịta. Ezinụlọ Edwards mechara kwaga Houston.[3]

Thyra Edwards gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Houston Colored High School na 1915. Mgbe Edward nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ nwere ezigbo enyi ya na ụmụ agbọghọ ojii na ndị ọcha. Ọ na-echeta mmekọrịta ya na agbụrụ ya na ịhụ ka ụda akpụkpọ ahụ ha si bụrụ ihe na-ekpebi ihe ha na-enwe kwa ụbọchị..[2] Ọ zụrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. Ọ mụkwara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ na Brookwood Labor College, [1] wee gaa n'ihu na International People's College na Elsinore, Denmark, na 1933. [3]

Soviet Union dezie

Na mmalite 1930s, Edwards gara Soviet Union ka ọ gaa "ịchọgharị maka nkwa Soviet maka ọha mmadụ ka mma" Njem Edward na Soviet Union bụụrụ ya nnukwu njem ma kwado echiche ya, dịka uru ọchịchị Kọmunist na ikike obodo na. nnwere onwe mmekọahụ.[4]

Ọrụ dezie

Edwards malitere dịka onye nkuzi na Texas, ozugbo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gasịrị. Ọ ghọrọ onye otu akwụkwọ ikike nke Houston isi nke NAACP mgbe ọ malitere na 1918. Na 1919, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Houston Social Service Bureau dị ka onye ọbịa ezinụlọ, bụ ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ya na ọrụ mmekọrịta. N'afọ sochirinụ, ya na nwanne ya nwanyị, Thelma kwagara Gary, Indiana   [citation needed]

Ọ dabeere na Indiana maka afọ iri na abụọ sochirinụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi, onye na-elekọta mmadụ, na onye na-ahụ maka nwa akwụkwọ na-eto eto, onye na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti agbụrụ, mgbe ọ na-akụzi ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ na ọrụ obodo. N'afọ 1925 ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara n'ịkwado ụmụaka na Board of Guardians Lake County. Na 1927 o nyere aka imeghe ebe obibi ụmụaka nke Lake County, ma ọ jere ozi dịka onye nduzi ya afọ atọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Gary's Interracial Commission na 1924, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ John Stewart Social Settlement Center, ụlọ ndozi na-ejere ndị Africa-America ozi na Gary. Ọ haziri ụlọ ọgbakọ azụmahịa na ndị ọkachamara na Gary. O kwuru okwu na National Negro Business League ogbako na St. Louis, Missouri na 1927. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Gary Council of Social Agencies, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na obodo YWCA..[2]

Edwards gara na Europe na 1929, ma kwaga Chicago na 1931, ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Enyemaka Mberede, mgbe ọ bi na Abraham Lincoln Center, ụlọ obibi. N'oge na-adịghị, ọ malitere ọrụ na Ụmụnna Ụra otu nwa ojii dabere na Chicago, yana ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-aga n'ihu nke America na ndịda Illinois. Na 1933 ọ bụ akụkụ nke ịmepụta kọmitii Action nke Chicago Scottsboro.   [citation needed]

Edwards bụ onye ọrụ ikpe maka Kọmịshọna enyemaka enyemaka mberede. N'etiti 1930s, ọ gara England, Scandinavia, Austria, Germany, na Soviet Union., [3] mgbe ahụ na Spain iji soro ụmụaka gbara ọsọ ndụ nke Agha Obodo Spain rụọ ọrụ. Dị ka onye isi nke kọmitii ụmụ nwanyị nke National Negro Congress n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ kụziri banyere Soviet Union na Carver School. N'afọ 1944, a mara ọkwa ya dị ka "otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ojii kachasị mma n'ụwa". Na ngwụcha Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke Congress nke Amerikan Women . [4]

Thyra Edwards chere na ya nwere usoro mba ụwa maka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na-etinye aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ, itinye aka na obodo, na òtù ndị otu. Ọrụ ya na-elekọta mmadụ lekwasịrị anya n'echiche nke ndị ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ nke oge a na-akpọ "usoro usoro ọrụ". [5]

Echiche ọrụ mmekọrịta ya na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwado maka ndị mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na-emetụta ọdịmma ụmụ nwanyị na ịrụ ọrụ na ijikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche..[6]

N'oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Amerika, a kwenyere na ndị ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ ojii kwesịrị inyere ndị ojii aka, ma Thyra Edwards nyeere ndị agbụrụ niile, mba na agbụrụ aka..[7]

Ọrụ Kọmunist dezie

Na mmalite 1930s, Thyra Edwards gara Europe maka ọrụ na mba ụwa. Edwards gara Sweden, Finland, Poland, Germany na France. Na Paris [8]Edwards led a travel seminar, The European Seminar of International Relations, an international group of social workers who were involved in European social movements, such as the rise of communism and socialism. [2] Seminar European International Relations gara Spain, na Soviet Union, nke bụ "ebe nchekwa" maka ndị isi ojii n'oge ahụ. Edwards gara International Congress megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ megide Semitism . [2][2]

Mgbe Edwards na-amụ ịhazi na ịmụ ihe na Europe, ọ gara Spain, ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na ahazi n'oge Agha Obodo Spain. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'akụkụ ndị ọgbọ ya na agụmakwụkwọ, na enyocha ìgwè ụmụaka ndị a kpọpụrụ ma kpọga ebe ọzọ n'ihi agha ahụ. Mgbe Edwards laghachiri Amerika, ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ nhazi maka Spain na Kọmitii Negro iji nyere Spanish Democracy aka. Langston Hughes nwere mmasị, ma kweta ọrụ ya.[4]

N’oge ọ na-eme njem na Europe, na 1953, o haziri usoro nlekọta ụmụaka mbụ ndị Juu na Rom iji nyere ụmụaka ndị e gburu ná Mgbukpọ ahụ aka.

Thyra Edwards kwadoro ndị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na Agha Obodo Spanish, ma jiri ọrụ ya mee njem ọ bụghị nanị na Europe na Soviet Union, kamakwa Mexico iji kwalite ọrụ ya. N'ihi nke a, ndị FBI lekọtara ọrụ Thyra ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

Ide ihe dezie

Dị ka onye nta akụkọ, Edwards dere akụkọ akụkọ maka Associated Negro Press . [9] O dere site na njem ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị Afrịka na Amerịka gụnyere akụkọ 1932 banyere ebe obibi ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị ebe obibi na Chicago, [10] ajụjụ ọnụ 1933 ya na onye ọka iwu Naijiria Stella Thomas, onye ọ kọwara dị ka "ogologo ma dị mma ma dị mma, ma kpuchie ya n'ọkụ", [11] na "Negro Akwụkwọ na-abịa Denmark", akụkọ ya nke 1936 site na International People's School.[12][13] O dere banyere Agha Obodo nke Spain n'usoro isiokwu maka Chicago Defender . [14] Edwards jiri isiokwu ndị a gosipụta nkwado ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mmegide ya na ọchịchị aka ike, na-ekwu maka echiche nke ikpeazụ na "Fascism na-emebi ụmụ nwanyị".[6][14]

Ndụ onwe onye dezie

Thyra J. Edwards lụrụ onye ọrụ nchara James Malcolm Garnett na 1924; ha gbara alụkwaghịm otu afọ ka e mesịrị. Ọ lụrụ Murray Gitlin ọzọ na 1943. Ha biri n’Ịtali mgbe 1948 gachara, bụ́ ebe ya na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nkesa Ndị Juu na Amerịka na-arụkọ ọrụ..[14]

Na 1946, a chọpụtara na Edward nwere ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. E mechara chọpụta na ọ nwere ọrịa kansa ara. Thyra Edwards Gitlin nwụrụ na New York, 1953, dị afọ 55, site na ọrịa kansa ara..[2] A na-echekwa akwụkwọ Thyra Edwards na Chicago History Museum. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri William Marshall bụ nwa nwanne Thyra Edwards, nwa nwanne ya nwanyị, Thelma Edwards Marshall.[1][2]

Edensibia dezie

  1. ↑ Field. Thyra J. Edwards: Black Activist in the Global Freedom Struggle. The Journal of Southern History.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Andrews (2011-06-14). Thyra J. Edwards: Black Activist in the Global Freedom Struggle (in en). University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-1912-1.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Andrews" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Marks (2014). "Community Bonds in the Bayou City: Free Blacks and Local Reputation in Early Houston". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 117 (3): 266–282. DOI:10.1353/swh.2014.0022. ISSN 1558-9560.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Thyra J. Edwards – #DiversityInHealthcare | Health Sciences Library Blog (en). Retrieved on 2021-04-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Reynolds. Thyra J. Edwards (1897 – 1953) – Social worker, child welfare advocate, labor organizer.. VCU Social Welfare History Project. VCU Social Welfare Library. Retrieved on April 10, 2022.
  6. ↑ Lapka (2020-11-09). Thyra J. Edwards Diversity in Healthcare. Health Sciences Library. University of Houston.
  7. ↑ Phillips (July 2012). "Review of Book "Thyra J. Edwards: Black Activist in the Global Freedom Struggle"". Southwestern Historical Quarterly: 88-89. DOI:10.1353/swh.2012.0057. 
  8. ↑ Donlon (2020). "Hermina Huiswoud, "Thyra Edwards," Women I Have Known Personally". Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International 9 (1): 28–34. DOI:10.1353/pal.2020.0010. ISSN 2165-1612. 
  9. ↑ Hamilton (2011-08-15). Journalism's Roving Eye: A History of American Foreign Reporting (in en). LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-4486-2. 
  10. ↑ Thyra J. Edwards, "Chicago in the Rain" Opportunity (May 1932): 148-149.
  11. ↑ Reed (2011-10-05). The Depression Comes to the South Side: Protest and Politics in the Black Metropolis, 1930–1933 (in en). Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00552-6. 
  12. ↑ Thyra J. Edwards, "Stella Thomas: King's Counselor" Opportunity (December 1933): 368-369.
  13. ↑ Thyra J. Edwards, "Negro Literature Comes to Denmark" The Crisis (May 1936): 140-141.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDuffie (2011-06-27). Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism (in en). Duke University Press, 68, 106, 108. ISBN 978-0-8223-5050-7.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "esm3" defined multiple times with different content
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