Thermoplastic elastomer

Thermoplastic elastomers ( TPE ), mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ thermoplastic rubbers ( TPR ), bụ klas nke copolymers ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ nke polymers (na- plastik na roba) nke nwere nwere ihe ma thermoplastic na elastomeric .

Ọ bụ ebe na ọtụtụ elastomers bụ thermosets, thermoplastics adịghị n'ụzọ dị mfe iji na-dị ihe, dị ka ọmụmaatụ, site na nnazi injection . Thermoplastic elastomers na-egosi uru nke ma ihe rubbery na ihe plastik. Uru nke iji thermoplastic elastomers bụ ikike ịgbatị ogologo elongations na-agafe agafe ma abụghị n'ụdị mbụ ya dị nso na-eke ndụ ogologo ndụ na anụ ahụ ka mma ihe ndị ọzọ.. ^[1]

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti thermoset elastomer na thermoplastic elastomer bụ ụdị njikọ n'ime ụlọ ha. N'ezie, crosslinking bụ ihe nhazi dị oke mkpa nke na-enye ihe ndị dị elu.

Ụdị

Thermoplastic polyurethane

Enwere klaasị isii nke TPE azụmahịa (nhazi dị ka ISO 18064) yana otu ụdị anaghị ekewa:

Styrenic block copolymers, TPS (TPE-s)
Thermoplastic polyolefinelastomers, TPO (TPE-o)
Thermoplastic vulcanizates, TPV (TPE-v ma ọ bụ TPV)
Thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU (TPU)
Thermoplastic copolyester, TPC (TPE-E)
Thermoplastic polyamides, TPA (TPE-A)
Thermoplastic elastomers enweghị nkewa, TPZ

Ihe atụ

Ihe TPE nke sitere na otu ngọngọ copolymers gụnyere CAWITON†, MELIFLEX, THERMOLAST K†, THERMOLAST M†, Chemiton, Arnitel, Hytrel, Dryflex†, Mediprene, Kraton, Pibiflex, Sofprene†, Tuftec† na Laprene†.

† na-egosi styrenic block copolymers (TPE-s).

Laripur, Desmopan, Estane, Texin na Elastollan bụ ihe atụ nke thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU).

Sarlink, Santoprene, Termoton, Solprene, THERMOLAST V, Vegaprene, ^[2] na Forprene bụ ihe atụ nke ihe TPV.

Ọmụmaatụ nke thermoplastic olefin elastomer (TPO) bụ For-Tec E ma ọ bụ Engage. Ejiri Ninjaflex maka mbipụta 3D .

Usoro maka thermoplastic elastomers ^[3]

Iji ruo eru dị ka thermoplastic elastomer, ihe onwunwe ga-enwerịrị njirimara atọ ndị a dị mkpa:

Ikike ịgbatị ruo ogologo elongations na, mgbe mwepụ nke nchekasị, laghachi n'ihe dị nso na ọdịdị mbụ ya.
Enwere ike ịhazi ya dị ka agbaze na okpomọkụ dị elu
Enweghị nnukwu ihe na-akpụ akpụ

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

SBS igbochi copolymer schematic microstructure

TPE ghọrọ eziokwu azụmahịa mgbe thermoplastic polyurethane polymers bịara na 1950s. N'ime 1960s styrene block copolymer bịara dị, na n'afọ ndị 1970 ọtụtụ TPE dị iche iche bịara na ebe ahụ. Ojiji TPE zuru ụwa ọnụ (ton 680,000 / afọ na 1990) na-eto n'ihe dịka pasentị itoolu kwa afọ.

Microstructure

Ihe styrene-butadiene nwere microstructure nke abụọ n'ihi mmetụta n'etiti polystyrene na polybutadiene blocks, nke mbụ na-ekewa n'ime oghere ma ọ bụ mkpara dabere na ihe na-agụ ya. Na obere obere polystyrene, ihe ahụ bụ elastomeric nwere ike nke polybutadiene na-ebute ụzọ. N'ozuzu, ha na-enye ihe mmetụta dị ukwuu ka rubbers, ọnụ n'ihi na ihe na-agụ ya nwere ike ike ndịgasị iche iji kwado ihe nri ọsọ ikpeazụ.

SBS ngọngọ copolymer na TEM

Block copolymers na- akpali n'ihi na ha nwere ike "microphase iche iche" na-etolite oge nanostructures, dị ka styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) ngọnchị copolymer egosiri n'aka nri. A mara polymer dị ka Kraton ma jiri ya mee ihe maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ na nrapado . N'ihi ihe owuwu microfine, microscope elektrọn ike (TEM) iji data nhazi. Ejiri osmium tetroxide jiri matriks butadiene mee ihe iji nye akwụkwọ dị na onyonyo a.

Emere ihe ahụ saịtị ahụ na polymerization dị ndụ nke mere na ihe ụlọ ọrụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ monodisperse, ya mere na-enyere aka microstructure na-emekarị. Ibu arọ nke ihe polystyrene na foto bụ isi bụ 102,000; foto inset ahụ nwere ike arọ molekụla nke 91,000, na- ngalaba dị. Ekwuputala nhọrọ dị n'etiti ngalaba site n'ịchụsa X-ray obere obere, usoro na-enye ozi gbasara microstructure . Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị polymer na-ekwekọghị na ibe ha, polymer block ga-ebutekarị nkewa nkewa, a na-ahụ ngwaọrụ eme ihe n'ịbụ onye amụ nke SBS block polymers, ọzọ ebe otu n'ime ngọngọ bụ. nnukwu crystalline. Otu ihe dị iche na iwu nke echere bụ ihe Noryl, ebe polystyrene na polyphenylene oxide ma ọ bụ PPO na-achọpụta akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu na ibe ha.

Schematic crystalline block copolymer

Ndị TPE ndị ọzọ nwere ngalaba kristal ebe otu ụdị ngọngọ na-azụ ya na ngozi ndị ọzọ na agbụ ndị dị n'ụdị, dị ka na copolyester rubbers, na-enweta otu ọzụzụ dị na SBS block polymers. Dabere na ogologo ogologo, ngalaba ndị ahụ kwụsiri ike nke ikpeazụ n'ihi ebe mgbaze kristal dị elu. Ebe ahụ na-egosi ọnọdụ nhazi dị mkpa iji kpụzie ihe ahụ, yana ọrụ na-eji nkenke ahụ. Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ kwuru Hytrel, polyester-polyether copolymer na Pebax, naịlọn ma ọ bụ polyamide-polyether copolymer.

Uru

Dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi, TPE ihe ndị na-ekpo nwere ọkụ dị ike ama na nkwụsi ike ihe mgbe Ikere ya n'ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ na ihe ndị na-azụ polar. [1] TPEs na-eri obere ume iji nọrọ, ike ịcha ya ngwa ngwa site na ọtụtụ ihe eji esiji, na-enye nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa na nkwado. TPE ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ mgbakwunye mgbakwunye, na- damuwa mkpa ndị na-agba ume, ndị na-eme ka ahụ sie ike ma ọ bụ usoro nha. N'ihi ya, ndụ batch-na-batch dị na nha nha na ihe ndị e ji aamụ ihe, na-eduga n'inwe nkwekọ ka mma na ngwa ngwa na ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ. Ihe TPE nwere ike ịmegharị ya ebe ọ bụ na ikiri ike ikezi ya,ama ya ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka plastik, mana ha nwere ihe na- agbanwe nke rubber nke na-eme ike ịmegharị ya n'ihi ekwe ekwe ha. Ọ bụrụ na foto ike ma foto ka ọ filament obibi akwụkwọ 3D nwere ihe eji eji ihe .

Nhazi

Ụzọ abụọ ụzọ mkpa n'ichepụta na TPE bụ extrusion na injection mkpazi. Enwere ike bipụta TPE ugbu a 3D ma mpaghara na ọ bara uru na akụ na-enyere iji ike na-ekesa. [1] [2] A naghị arụ ọrụ mkpakọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mgbe ọ elala, a na-eji ya. Ime site n'ịkpụzi injection bụ ngwa ngwa yana nnukwu ego. Ma ngwá ọrụ na ụzọ a na-eme ihe maka extrusion ma ọ bụ injection ikezi nke thermoplastic omenala na-adabakarị maka TPE. A nkọwa TPE site n'ịkpụzi ihe ịgba, ịgbaze kalenda, [3] thermoforming, na ịgbado ọkụ .

Ngwa

Mma onye isi nri nwere njide TPE

A na-eji TPE ebe ndị elastomer na-emekarị ahụ ike ike ụdị ihe anụ dị mkpa na hụ ahụ. Ihe ndị a na- nnukwu ngwa na mpaghara ụgbọ ala yana na mpaghara ngwa ụlọ. apeere, a na-eji copolyester TPEs na egwu snowmobile ebe isi ike na n'akpa abrasion dị oke ọnụ. Thermoplastic olefins (TPO) na-esiwanye ike dị ka ihe ngosi ụlọ. [1] A na-irin TPE n'ọtụtụ ebe maka catheters ebe nylon block copolymers na-enye ụdị nro dị mma maka ndị ọrịa. A na-eji silicone thermoplastic na ụgbọ olefin mee ihe maka mkpochapụ nke ịgba ịgba iko yana ndị na-abụ ala ihu igwe siri ike. A na-eji Styrene block copolymers mee ihe na akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ maka ikike mfe nhazi ha, yana ọtụtụ ebe dị ka nrapado.

N'ihi ikike ha na-ama atụ n'ịkpụzi ọgwụ akara abụọ dị iche iche, ihe TPS emepụtara na-ekpuchikwa ọtụtụ ngwa sitere na ahaha ala ruo n'ahịa na ọgwụ. Ọmụmaatụ nke ndị ahụ bụ elu njide dị nro, ihe ndị e ji ebe ihe, ihe ọkụ azụ azụ na elu, yana akara akara, gaskets, ma ọ bụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ. A na-eche TPE eme ihe nkwusioru nkwusioru maka ngwa-alụlụ ụgbọ ala n'ihi na ọ na- መቱ nrụrụ ma e jiri ya stra osisi rọba mgbe niile. Thermoplastics enwewo ngosi na ụlọ ọrụ kpo oku, ventilashion, na ikuku oyi ( HVAC ) n'ihi ọrụ ahụ, uru bara uru na ike iji ọkụ resin plastik n'ime ihe nhọrọ dị iche iche, Fans na ụlọ. Enwere ike iji ngwaọrụ na-eji igwe, jaket igwe eletrọnịkị na ihu ime, ihe nkiri ji emetụta egwu, na ụfọdụ eriri ekweisi.. </link>^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

ụfụfụ TPE emegharịrị na akwa akwa

Ntụaka

↑ Levensalor. "The Benefits of Hytrel in Modern Belting". Retrieved on 2016-10-27.
↑ Innovation in materials. www.hutchinson.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved on 2017-02-27.
↑ Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs): An Ultimate Guide. Omnexus. SpecialChem. Retrieved on 1 January 2024.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

PR Lewis na C Ahịa, Polymer, 13, 20 (1972)
Esemokwu Encyclopedia nke etiti Ọktọba Plastic Ọgbara, Okwu Mmalite nke TPE, ibe:109-110
Ihe kacha ọhụrụ na mmepe teknụzụ maka uwe na-arụ ọrụ, (Joanne Yip, 2020, ibe 66-67)

[:0-1] Levensalor. "The Benefits of Hytrel in Modern Belting". Retrieved on 2016-10-27.

[2] Innovation in materials. www.hutchinson.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved on 2017-02-27.

[3] Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs): An Ultimate Guide. Omnexus. SpecialChem. Retrieved on 1 January 2024.

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