Wikipedia

TERF (aha mkpirisi)

TERF ( /t ɜːr f / ) bụ okwu mkpọ okwu maka trans-exclusionary radical feminist .  Mbụ ekọrọ na 2008, a na-eji okwu TERF mee ihe dị iche iche nke transgender -inclusive feminists site na otu ndị inyom na-ahụ maka radical na-ajụ ajụjụ na ụmụ trans bụ ụmụ ajụ, jụ nsonye nke ụmụ amụrụ trans.  na oghere ụmụ, ma na-adịghị iwu ikike transgender .  Ndị na-ahụ maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu ihe na-ekwusi ike na echiche na ọnọdụ ndị a bụ transphobic na-ata ụta megide ndị transgender .  Ojiji nke okwu TERF agbasawanyela ka ọ gụnye ntụaka maka ndị nwere echiche trans-exclusionary bụ ndị na-esiteghị na radical feminism .  [1] [1] [2] N'ime afọ 2020, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "trans-exclusionary radical feminism" mee ihe n'otu aka ahụ yana ma ọ bụ hel ya na " nwoke nwere oke egwu..

Ọ bụ ebe na e kere TERF ka ọ bụrụ "nkọwa nke na-ama ụma na-anọpụ iche", a na-ewere okwu ahụ ugbu a dị ka okwu mkparị, [1] mkparị ma ọ mkparị.  [2] [1] Ndị na-amụ TERF na-ajụkarị akara a, kama na-ịchọta ha dị ka oke oke okike . [1] [2]

Mmalite

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Onye na-ede blọgụ feminist trans-inclusive Viv Smythe bụ onye na-ekepụta na ụdị okwu ahụ [1] na 2008 dị ka mkpirisi ịntanetị.  [2] Ihe izizi edere ede nke okwu ahụ bụ na blọgụ o dere na-azaghachi hụrụ egwu egwu nke Michigan Womyn nke ịgọnarị anụmanụ ụmụ trans.  [2] Na 2014, Smythe chetara na ya na onye ọrụ ọzọ, "Lauredhel", na-eji okwu ahụ na-achọ tupu blọgụ blọgụ ahụ, ma tara na ọ nwere ike ịmegharị ma ọ bụ nakweere ya site na ụka IRC.  isi ndị ọzọ.

Na blọgụ blọgụ, Smythe dere na ọmụ akwụkwọ aka na ụmụ niile na-akpa ike na ndị na-akwado radfem trans-exclusionary (TERF).  [1] A na-eji ya ma ndị inyom [2] bụ ndị na-akwado echiche nke ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na- Egypt transphobic, [3] [4] [5] [6] echiche na ụmụ m trans bụ ụmụ mmadụ.  nwoke, mmegide megide ikike transgender, [7] na mwepu nke ụmụ amụrụ trans na oghere ụmụ nà otu.  [8] E boro echiche ndị a dị iche n'ọtụtụ òtù ndị inyom.  [7] N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2014 na Cristan Williams nke blọgụ TransAdvocate, Smythe – na-eji net-pseudonym "TigTog" [9] –kwuru

Akwụkwọ Ọkọwa Okwu Oxford English (OED) gbakwunyere njikọ maka TERF (aha) na June 2022, nke na-ekwu na n'agbanyeghị na e bu ụzọ bu n'obi okwu ahụ ka ọ lara bụ na-anọpụ iche, a na-ewere  ya ugbu a dị ka mkpa.  [1] Onye nchịkọta akụkọ OED Fiona McPherson akwụkwọ na n'ihi na "enwere mmiri ihe dị n'azụ ojiji ya. – ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ bụ mkparị kwụpụta", ndị editọ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ahụ ወረቀት nke a kama  ihe aha okwu ahụ bụ “ihe mkparị” ma ọ bụ “ihe mkparị nke ukwuu.”  [2] N'afọ 2023, AP Stylebook dụrụ ndị nta ndị ọdụ ka ha zere okwu ahụ, na-ewere ya "edoghị anya na ndị agha njikọ." [3]

Arụmụka slur

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TERF gwara ha na-achọkarị ya dị ka okwu mkparị ma ọ bụ ụmụaka ndị.  [1] [2] [3] N'ime akwụkwọ edemede nke Julaị 2018 metụtara "ihe transgender", akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Britain bụ The Economist akwụkwọ ndị edemede ka ha "zere mkparị niile, TERF", na-arụ na ejiri okwu ahụ.  nwaa imechi echiche na mgbe ụfọdụ ikeli ime ihe ike.  [4] N'August 2018, ndị ọkà ihe nkiri Britain asaa dere na webụsaịtị Daily Nous na abụọ nke Veronica Ivy [5] na Jason Stanley [6] akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ndị Philosophy na Phenomenological Research mere ka okwu ahụ guzosie ike.  Ha okwu okwu ahụ dị ka "kachasị njọ na mkparị njọ njọ", ma kwukwaa na ejirila ya kwutọọ ndị "na- ekwetaghị na ịgba na okwu trans".  [7] [8] [9] Na nzaghachi, Ernest Sosa, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ n'isi, kwuru na ndị ọkà ịchọrọ ndị akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nyere na okwu ahụ nwere ike iche okwu mkparị n'oge ụfọdụ.  , ma na iji ya mee ihe dị ka okwu nlelị n' mgbanwe ụfọdụ na a pụghị ya mee ihe.  n'ụzọ.  [8] Onye edemede transgender Andrea Long Chu ndị nzọrọ na TERF bụ okwu mkparị dị ka "iwe nke ga-adị n'okpuru nlelị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghịkwa eziokwu, n'echiche bụ na e bu n'obi na-ekwu okwu.  niile maka ndị nkwutọ ka ọ bụrụ nkwutọ."

Onye na-akwado ikike transgender [1] na onye bụbu prọfesọ nkà ihe ndị Veronica Ivy na-arụ ụka na nnwere onwe na ike iji okwu ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ na- መሪ isi, ọ pụtaghị na ọ bụ nkwutọ n  'ozuzu ya.  [2] N'ime akwụkwọ 2020 nke e akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ nkà ihe ndị Grazer Philosophische Studien, ndị ọkà-ebude Christopher Davis na Elin McCready nke ụka na ihe atọ nwere ike ime ka okwu bụrụ okwu mkparị: ọ ga-abụ mkparị nye  otum, na-eji na-edo onwe ha n'okpuru ụfọdụ usoro nke ike.  na na a ga-adịra ndị ahụ e wedara n'ala site na ihe dị n'ime.  Davis na McCready dere na okwu TERF mezuru ọnọdụ mbụ, n'ihi na ọ dabere n  'otú otu ọ sọla si hụ onwe ya.  n'ihe gbasara otu nke ọzọ.  [3] Nkà ihe nke prọfesọ bụ Jennifer Saul ekwetaghị n'ịhazi TERF dị ka okwu mkparị, na-arụ ụka na okwu ndị abụcha okwu mkparị eji mgbe ya na okwu mkparị ma ọ bụ mkparị.  Nkatọ ya bụ isi bụ na okwu ahụ bụ "trans-exclusionary radical feminist" ụka ezi, na-ịbụ okwu ahụ bụ "ndị na-eme ihe trans" kama.  Nke mbụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị a na-akpọ aha na- ezinụlọ ndị na-ahụ maka mgbaàmà na-egosi (na-ehota JK Rowling dị ka ihe atụ) na nke abụọ na okwu ahụ na-agụnye echiche na ndị na  -ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụghị ụkpụrụ ike ike ọrụ iji "merụọ ụdị nke ụmụ anụmanụ a na-akwagharị akwagharị. [4]

Onye ọkà ihe mgbaàmà bụ Talia Mae Bettcher mụrụ ụka na, n'agbanyeghị ma a na-ekewa okwu ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka okwu mkparị, ọ "ọ malitere ala na-akpasu ndị okwu ahụ aha", nke na  Ọmụma aro na ọ ga-akacha mma ikpughe "ọ bụrụ na-enwe mmetụta inwe.  [1] Onye ọkà ihe ndị Feminist Judith Butler nke ụka na okwu TERF bụ okwu mkparị na N'ajụjụ ọnụ New Statesman, na-ekwu, sị "M na-eche ihe aha onwe-kwupụtara feminists bụ ndị na-achọ ịwepụ trans inyom.  if , if phomin ga-akpọ na ha na-akwado mwepu, okun na a ga-akpọ.  ma ọ ga-akpọ ha radical feminists

Labelụ dị oke egwu nke okike

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N'afọ 2020, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "trans-exclusionary radical feminism" mee ihe n'otu aka ahụ yana ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ya na " nwoke dị oke egwu ", nke Grinspan na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na  - dị ka "nkọwa onwe nke ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na otu ndị na-egosi TERFs [5]

Ndị ọgbọ dị ka TERF na-ajụ okwu a ma nwee ike na-ezo aka na onwe ha dị ka oke oke okike .  [1] [2] [3] N'afọ 2017, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Britain bụ Sarah Ditum dere na "ogwe a na-akpọ 'terf' dị ala nke ukwuu", na-ekwu maka ' PinkNews nke onye na  -enye oge awa Jenni Murray na onye blọgụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ Medium onye edemede Naijiria bụ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie .

Onye nta ndị Briten bụ Catherine Bennett emetụtawo okwu ahụ dị ka "ngwa ndị eji emegbu mmadụ", nke "nwere ike ịga nke ọma n'imebi okwu. – na egwuregwu ekiri egwuregwu."  [1] [2] N'afọ 2017, onye edemede Britain bụ Claire Heuchan Ada ụka na a na-ahụ okwu ahụ eme n'ụdị "nkwupụta okwu ime ihe ike", [3] [4] nakwa na a na  -eji nhọrọ ime ihe ike eme ihe iji "mebie ụmụ-ndụ na ndị-akatọ nwoke na-akiri ka dị nke usoro uzo uzo", na-onye Niche nwere ihe eji.  [3] Onye ọkà n'akparam ndị mmadụ nke Britain na ọkà nsogbu ọha na eze David Pilgrim na-ekwu na nkebi ndị dị ka "Gbuo TERF!"  ma ọ bụ "Tie TERF!"  trolls na-takwa n' ịntanetị, yana na enweela ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ nke ime ihe ike , ụmụ-ekiri TERFs. [6]

Otu 2018 United Kingdom All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) na Mpụ ndị nna nna nna nna nke aka nke ndị dị n'okike dị n'etiti ndị na-akwado trans na ndị otu nchoputa na-ama iwu ikike ikike transgender, na otu abụọ na-otu ihe.  omume nke oke okwu ma ọ bụ mkparị.  Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ụfọdụ ụdị njikọ, na okwu 'trans-exclusionary radical feminist na okwu' trans-exclusionary radical feminist.  ' ma ọ bụ 'TERF' bụ. ejiri mee ihe dị ka okwu mkparị" [7]

Ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọ trans-exclusionary radical feminists na-ekwu na trans-exclusionary bụ aha na- ike ezi, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-agụnye ndị ikom transgender, ndị nwere ọrụ nwoke na-acho.  [1] Peter Cava na-ekwu na mgbe ndị inyom ndị a na-agụnye ndị ikom trans, ha na-emekarị ka ha bụrụ ụmụ anọ.  [2] Ndị ọka iwu Christopher Davis na Elin McCready na-ele "nkwado a na-akwado" nke ndị ikom trans dị ka ịgọnarị ụlọ ọrụ ha na-ekiri onwe ha, ma na-atụ aro na ọ bụ trans-exclusionary "n  'ihi na ọ na-ụzọ dị nnọọ udi nke 'trans man ' . [8]

"TERF Island"

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Ihe mmado mgbochi TERF na United Kingdom

Ụfọdụ ndị na-enwe mmetụta na-ezo aka na United Kingdom, na-emekarị n'ụdị njakịrị ma ọ bụ n'ịkpọtụ, dị ka "TERF Island".  [1] Aha ahụ na-ezo aka mgba na mmegide nwoke na ekere na-akpa ike na okwu trans bụ ndị ama na omenala na United Kingdom ma e jiri ya mere United States ma ọ bụ ebe ndị ọzọ.  [2] [3] N' akwụkwọ ha nke 2024 nke na-atụ egwu Gender?  , ọkà ihe ọmụmụ Judith Butler na-eche echiche a, ya na-eme ihe mere eme nke nwoke na nwanyị UK. [9] [10]

Hụkwa

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  • Mgbochi mmegide nwoke na nwanyị
  • Ozizi nwanyị
  • Echiche ndị nwanyị na isiokwu transgender
  • Mkpa nwoke na nwanyị
  • Ikpochapụ Lesbian n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị transgender
  • Echiche ụmụ nwanyị na-egbuke egbuke na isiokwu transgender
  • Feminism na-emeghachi omume
  • Ihe owuwu mmekọrịta nke okike
  • SWERF
  • Transmisogyny
  • Womenmụ nwanyị mụrụ

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Vasquez 2014
  2. ↑ Gutzwa (2021). "Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminists (TERFs)", Encyclopedia of Queer Studies in Education, 695–698. DOI:10.1163/9789004506725_137. ISBN 978-90-04-50672-5. Retrieved on 3 August 2022. 
  3. ↑ Don't Use 'TERF,' AP Stylebook Advises. www.advocate.com.
  4. ↑ Saul. "Why the words we use matter when describing anti-trans activists", The Conversation, 5 March 2020. Retrieved on 3 October 2021.
  5. ↑ Grinspan (2023). "Exploring TERFnesses". Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies 10 (2). DOI:10.21825/digest.90008. 
  6. ↑ Pilgrim (20 October 2018). "The transgender controversy: a reply to Summersell". Journal of Critical Realism 17 (5): 523–528. DOI:10.1080/14767430.2018.1539825. 
  7. ↑ All Party Parliamentary Group on Hate Crime (2019). How Do We Build Community Cohesion When Hate Crime Is On The Rise? 25–26. House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved on 2 November 2019.
  8. ↑ Davis (4 March 2020). "The Instability of Slurs". Grazer Philosophische Studien 97: 63–85. DOI:10.1163/18756735-09701005. 
  9. ↑ Butler (2024). "TERFs and British Matters of Sex", Who's Afraid of Gender?. London: Penguin Random House UK. ISBN 978-0-241-59582-4. “While other regions of the world are producing strong coalitions, like Ni Una Menos in Argentina, which includes trans, feminist, and LGBTQIA+ groups opposed to racism, extractivism, and capitalist structures of debt, financial terror, and economic inequality, the situation in the United Kingdom exemplifies radical division and opposition, efforts to shut down gender studies programs, and associate scholars in the field of gender studies with scenes of abuse.” 
  10. ↑ This Ideology Threatens Our Fundamental Freedoms | Judith Butler Meets Ash Sarkar. Novara Media. “[Butler's] new book, Who’s Afraid of Gender charts how a transphobic moral panic morphed into an all-our war on so-called ‘gender ideology’. Together, Ash and Judith explore how Britain became TERF island, the limits of self-identification, and what really defines a woman.”

Njikọ mpụga

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  • The dictionary definition of TERF at Wiktionary
  • Quotations related to Trans exclusionary radical feminism at Wikiquote
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TERF_(aha_mkpirisi)&oldid=189236